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Hegemonia, Subjecte i Antagonisme al Procés Sobiranista català (2006-2018)
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[cat] Aquesta tesi proposa analitzar el procés sobiranista català com un fenomen social i polític rellevant de l’inici del segle XXI, des de la perspectiva de la teoria populista. El treball parteix del plantejament teòric d’Ernesto Laclau, amb l’objectiu d’explorar fins a quin punt el desenvolupament del sobiranisme pot ser interpretat com un procés d’articulació discursiva capaç de configurar una nova subjectivitat política col·lectiva: un poble sobiranista català. En aquest marc, la recerca no pressuposa l’existència d’un “poble” previ, sinó que analitza les condicions sota les quals es construeixen significats compartits, s’articulen demandes socials diverses i es delimiten fronteres simbòliques entre actors polítics.
Per tal d’abordar aquest objectiu, l’estudi combina eines conceptuals de la teoria populista amb instruments d’anàlisi discursiva vinculats al gir lingüístic. L’anàlisi empírica es basa en entrevistes en profunditat, tractades mitjançant tècniques com el recompte de paraules, la metodologia Q i l’anàlisi de clústers mitjançant k-means, amb la finalitat d’identificar patrons de significació i posicionaments subjectius al voltant de l’independentisme. Aquest enfocament metodològic s’emmarca en una reflexió teòrica més àmplia sobre els conceptes d’hegemonia, antagonisme, subjectivitat i identitat, examinats des de perspectives crítiques del liberalisme, del marxisme i de la psicoanàlisi, amb la voluntat d’oferir una lectura situada i no teleològica del procés sobiranista català.
La investigació s’estructura en tres parts diferenciades. La primera ofereix un estat de la qüestió centrat en la teoria populista i en l’anàlisi dels conceptes d’hegemonia, antagonisme, subjectivitat i identitat, amb l’objectiu de fixar el marc teòric i conceptual que orienta tota la recerca. La segona part consisteix en una historització del moviment sobiranista català contemporani, situant-lo en el seu context social i polític, atenent els principals moments, actors i transformacions que van marcar la seva evolució. Finalment, la tercera part presenta i desenvolupa una anàlisi discursiva d’un conjunt d’entrevistes realitzades per l’autor a personalitats socials i polítiques rellevants vinculades al procés sobiranista durant el període 2006-2018. L’anàlisi d’aquest material combina el recompte de paraules, la metodologia Q i l’anàlisi de clústers basada en l’algoritme k-means, i permet identificar i contrastar posicionaments subjectius i polítics, així com patrons de significació vinculats a la configuració de subjectivitats antagòniques i hegemòniques en el camp polític analitzat.
[eng] This thesis proposes an analysis of the Catalan sovereignty process as a socially and politically significant phenomenon of the early twenty-first century, approached through the lens of populist theory. The study draws on the theoretical framework developed by Ernesto Laclau, with the aim of examining to what extent the development of Catalan sovereigntism can be understood as a process of discursive articulation capable of shaping a new collective political subjectivity: a Catalan sovereignist people. From this perspective, the research does not assume the prior existence of a pre-given “people”, but rather analyses the conditions under which shared meanings are produced, heterogeneous social demands are articulated, and symbolic boundaries between political actors are constituted. To pursue this objective, the study combines conceptual tools drawn from populist theory with methods of discourse analysis associated with the linguistic turn. The empirical analysis is based on in-depth interviews, examined through a combination of word frequency analysis, Q methodology, and cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm. These techniques make it possible to identify patterns of meaning and subjective positions articulated around the question of independence. This methodological approach is grounded in a broader theoretical reflection on the concepts of hegemony, antagonism, subjectivity, and identity, examined from critical perspectives on liberalism, Marxism, and psychoanalysis, with the aim of offering a situated and non-teleological reading of the Catalan sovereignty process. The thesis is structured into three distinct parts. The first provides a state of the art focused on populist theory and on the analysis of the concepts of hegemony, antagonism, subjectivity, and identity, thereby establishing the theoretical and conceptual framework guiding the research as a whole. The second part consists of a historical analysis of the contemporary Catalan sovereignty movement, situating it within its social and political context and examining the key moments, actors, and transformations that have shaped its development. Finally, the third part presents and develops a discursive analysis of a set of interviews conducted by the author with relevant social and political actors involved in the sovereignty process during the period 2006-2018. The analysis combines word frequency analysis, Q methodology, and cluster analysis based on the k-means algorithm, enabling the identification and comparison of subjective and political positions, as well as patterns of meaning linked to the configuration of antagonistic and hegemonic subjectivities within the political field under study.
[eng] This thesis proposes an analysis of the Catalan sovereignty process as a socially and politically significant phenomenon of the early twenty-first century, approached through the lens of populist theory. The study draws on the theoretical framework developed by Ernesto Laclau, with the aim of examining to what extent the development of Catalan sovereigntism can be understood as a process of discursive articulation capable of shaping a new collective political subjectivity: a Catalan sovereignist people. From this perspective, the research does not assume the prior existence of a pre-given “people”, but rather analyses the conditions under which shared meanings are produced, heterogeneous social demands are articulated, and symbolic boundaries between political actors are constituted. To pursue this objective, the study combines conceptual tools drawn from populist theory with methods of discourse analysis associated with the linguistic turn. The empirical analysis is based on in-depth interviews, examined through a combination of word frequency analysis, Q methodology, and cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm. These techniques make it possible to identify patterns of meaning and subjective positions articulated around the question of independence. This methodological approach is grounded in a broader theoretical reflection on the concepts of hegemony, antagonism, subjectivity, and identity, examined from critical perspectives on liberalism, Marxism, and psychoanalysis, with the aim of offering a situated and non-teleological reading of the Catalan sovereignty process. The thesis is structured into three distinct parts. The first provides a state of the art focused on populist theory and on the analysis of the concepts of hegemony, antagonism, subjectivity, and identity, thereby establishing the theoretical and conceptual framework guiding the research as a whole. The second part consists of a historical analysis of the contemporary Catalan sovereignty movement, situating it within its social and political context and examining the key moments, actors, and transformations that have shaped its development. Finally, the third part presents and develops a discursive analysis of a set of interviews conducted by the author with relevant social and political actors involved in the sovereignty process during the period 2006-2018. The analysis combines word frequency analysis, Q methodology, and cluster analysis based on the k-means algorithm, enabling the identification and comparison of subjective and political positions, as well as patterns of meaning linked to the configuration of antagonistic and hegemonic subjectivities within the political field under study.
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RIVERA SARMIENTO, Nicolás. Hegemonia, Subjecte i Antagonisme al Procés Sobiranista català (2006-2018). [consulted: 30 of September of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/231738