Anàlisi estratègica del repowering de parcs eòlics de primera generació a Espanya: proposta d’una metodologia multicriteri aplicada a territoris representatius

Abstract

The energy transition in Spain and the European Union requires a significant increase in renewable electricity generation, together with a more efficient use of existing energy infrastructure. In this context, wind power plays a key role due to its technological maturity, competitiveness and contribution to the decarbonisation of the electricity system. However, part of the first-generation wind farm fleet is approaching the end of its design lifetime or is based on technologies that are less efficient than current wind turbines. This master’s thesis analyses wind farm repowering as a strategic option for modernising existing wind assets in Spain. The aim is not to carry out the technical design of a specific wind farm, but to propose a multicriteria methodology to prioritise repowering opportunities at territorial level. The methodology is based on a weighted scoring matrix that evaluates five representative Spanish regions: Galícia, Castella i Lleó, Aragó, Navarra and Catalunya. Seven criteria are considered: age of the wind farm fleet, wind potential, grid capacity, regulatory and administrative framework, environmental sensitivity, social acceptance, and economic and industrial opportunity. The results show that Navarra and Castella i Lleó present the highest strategic priority, although for different reasons. Navarra stands out for its mature wind sector and recent repowering experience, while Castella i Lleó is mainly favoured by its large installed wind capacity and strong technical potential. Aragó and Galícia also show relevant opportunities, but with specific territorial, regulatory or environmental constraints. Catalunya appears as a more selective and conditioned case for repowering. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a transparent and replicable tool to support strategic decision-making. It shows that repowering should not be assessed only through installed capacity or wind resource, but as a multidimensional decision involving technical, regulatory, environmental, social and economic factors. 4 Índex