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HRFlexToT: A High Dynamic Range ASIC for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography
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Abstract: Time-of-Flight positron emission tomography scanners demand fast and efficient photo sensors and scintillators coupled to fast readout electronics. This article presents the high resolution flexible Time-over-Threshold (HRFlexToT), a 16-channel application-specific-integrated circuit for silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) anode readout manufactured using XFAB 0.18- μm CMOS technology. The main features of the HRFlexToT are a linear Time-over-Threshold with an extended dynamic range (10 bits) for energy measurement, low power consumption (≈ 3.5 mW/ch), and an excellent timing response. The experimental measurements show an energy linearity error of ≈ 3% and an energy resolution of about 12% at 511 keV. Single-photon time resolution measurements performed using an Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) SiPM NUV-HD ( 4×4 mm2 pixel, 40- μm cell) and a Hamamatsu SiPM S13360-3050CS are around 142 and 167 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM), respectively. Coincidence time resolution (CTR) measurements with small cross-section pixelated crystals (LSO:Ce,Ca 0.4%, 2×2×5 mm3) coupled to the same Hamamatsu S13360-3050CS and FBK NUV-HD sensors yield a CTR of 117 ps and 119 ps, respectively. Measurements performed with a large cross-section monolithic crystal (LFS crystal measuring 25×25×20 mm3) and a Hamamatsu SiPM array S13361-6050NE-04 show a CTR of 324 ps FWHM after time-walk and time-skew correction.
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SÁNCHEZ, David, GÓMEZ, Sergio, MAURICIO FERRÉ, Joan, FREIXAS, Lluis, SANUY CHARLES, Andreu, GUIXÉ, Gerard, LÓPEZ, Albert, MANERA ESCALERO, Rafel, MARÍN, Jesús, PÉREZ, José.m., PICATOSTE OLLOQUI, Eduardo, PUJOL, Carolina, SANMUKH, Anand, RATO, Pedro, VELA, Óscar, GASCÓN FORA, David. HRFlexToT: A High Dynamic Range ASIC for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography. _IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences_. 2022. Vol. 6, núm. 1, pàgs. 51-67. [consulta: 8 de gener de 2026]. ISSN: 2469-7311. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/214176]