A complex network model for the quantum Internet

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the topological properties of quantum Internet networks, which are networks of quantum devices that can communicate with each other using quantum states of light. By modeling a photonic quantum network based on the Waxman model, we were able to compare these properties to those of random networks. We found that the degree distribution and connectivity of these networks are similar to those of random networks, following a Poisson distribution and exhibiting a percolation phase transition at a critical density. Additionally, the clustering coefficient of the quantum Internet network is higher than that of random networks, indicating a greater tendency for nodes to form transitive connections. However, the average shortest path length in the quantum Internet network does not exhibit the small world property, but it is still relatively small for moderate network sizes and high node densities. These findings provide insight into the structure and function of quantum Internet networks and can inform their design and optimization.