Effects of bioactive compounds of Olea europaea L. on blood pressure

Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) is the hydrostatic force exerted by the blood pushing against the wall of blood vessels as it is pumped by the heart. Hypertension is a chronic progressive disorder in which BP is persistently increased above the considered normal values. This medical condition represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease as well as for renal events. It is estimated that hypertension affects one billion people globally, accounting for 9.4 million deaths each year. The aetiology of hypertension is the result of a complex interaction between environmental and pathological factors affecting different systems, along with genetic predisposition. Accurate blood pressure readings are essential for its proper diagnosis and treatment. Lifestyle modifications, including healthy dietary patterns and regular physical activity, play a key role in the prevention of hypertension. The Mediterranean diet has been reported to exert health benefits such as reduced chronic diseases incidence and longer life expectancy. These beneficial effects have been attributed, in part, to olive oil consumption. The olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a typical tree crop from the Mediterranean Basis, has been used in traditional medicine since antient times for its biological and pharmacological properties. In this review, preclinical studies and nutritional interventions in humans assessing the effects of bioactive compounds of Olea europaea L. on BP with potent use in the prevention or treatment of hypertension, have been summarized.