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Si us plau utilitzeu sempre aquest identificador per citar o enllaçar aquest document: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/54848
Polymeric emulsifiers obtained by bacterial transformation from oily wastes in bioreactor
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[spa] Cerca del 80% de los aceites y las grasas producidas mundialmente son aceites vegetales y el resto de origen animal. Dicha cantidad de ácidos grasos sirve como fuente para la producción de una serie de compuestos nuevos: diácidos o epóxidos de cadena larga o ácidos grasos omega-hidroxilados. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 es un bacilo gramnegativo que produce ácidos grasos trans-hidroxilados (HFA) a partir del ácido oleico cuando es cultivado en un medio mineral. Dichos HFA, los ácidos 10(S)-hidroxi-8(E)-octadecenoico ((10S)-HOME) y 7,10(S,S)-dihidroxi-8(E)-octadecenoico ((7S,10S)-DiHOME), son producidos a través de un sistema de aireación no dispersivo que permite una mayor oxigenación y homogeneidad del medio de cultivo en los que son producidos. Tanto es así que se han conseguido unos valores de productividad para estos HFA de 0.29 y 0.31 g•L-1•h-1, respectivamente. Éstos han sido purificados a unos niveles superiores del 91% para poder ser polimerizados y obtener estólidos, poliésteres de trans-HFA. Por medio de una búsqueda exhaustiva, se decidió que Novozym 435, lipasa B de Candida antarctica, era la lipasa ideal para realizar dicha polimerización in-vitro. En una primera aproximación, se sintetizaron estólidos a partir de (10S)-HOME en medio orgánico, n-hexano. Se optimizó las condiciones de reacción y el mayor rendimiento obtenido fue del 30%. Esta nueva generación de estólidos trans ha requerido unas nuevas técnicas analíticas. Estos poliésteres han sido analizados a través de MALDI-TOF-MS utilizando una matriz de DHB neutralizada con LiOH, ya que, el ion 7Li+ ayuda a estabilizar dichos compuestos y por ende obtener espectros de masas menos fragmentados. Dicha técnica estructural ha resultado ser más rápida y barata que una LC-MS convencional. Dímeros del derivado monohidroxilado fueron sintetizados. En una segunda aproximación, se sintetizaron estólidos a partir de (10S)-HOME y (7S,10S)-DiHOME en medio libres de disolventes orgánicos usando Novozym 435. Rendimientos del 71 y del 94% de conversión, respectivamente, fueron obtenidos después de optimizar los medios de reacción. Estos estólidos fueron analizados por MALDI-TOF-MS con una matriz de DHB saturada en acetonitrilo para incrementar la sensibilidad de los oligómeros de mayor peso molecular. Mediante esta técnica se llevaron a detectar oligómeros de hasta 6 y 7 unidades monoméricas, respectivamente. Así mismo se usó la RMN para determinar la estructura de los compuestos analizados con gran éxito. Finalmente, se decidió sintetizar etil ésteres de los ácidos (10S)-HOME y (7S,10S)-DiHOME debido a las propiedades aromáticas. Estos ésteres se sintetizaron en medio orgánico, cloroformo, y en un medio libre de disolventes con unos rendimientos totales, en ambos casos. Dichos etil ésteres fueron analizados por MALDI-TOF-MS y RMN para determinar su masa molecular y estructura, respectivamente. Finalmente, se realizó un estudio de diversas propiedades físico-químicas de estos compuestos obtenidos. La viscosidad y diversos parámetros calorimétricos obtenidos a partir de curvas DSC y TGA fueron determinados para saber de la naturaleza de esta nueva generación de ésteres
[eng] About 80% of the oil and fats produced worldwide are vegetable oils and the rest are from animal origin. This amount of fatty acids is used as a source for producing new compounds: long chain diacids or epoxides or omega-hydroxylated fatty acids. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 is a gramnegative bacillus which produces hydroxy-fatty acids (HFA) when is cultivated in a mineral médium using oleic acid as carbon source. These HFA, 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid ((10S)-HOME) and 7,10(S,S)-dihidroxi-8(E)-octadecenoic acid ((7S,10S)-DiHOME), are produced with a non-dispersive aeration system that enhanced oxygenation and homogeneity of the culture media. The following volumetric productivity for these HFA were achieved: 0.29 y 0.31 g•l(-1)•h(-1), respectively. These HFA were purified with levels higher than 91% of purity for being later polymerizated and obtaining estolides, polyesters of HFA. For that purpose Novozym 435, lipase B from Candida antarctica, was chosen among other lipases to performance this enzymatic reaction. First of all, (10S)-HOME estolides were synthesized in organic media, n-hexane. Reaction conditions were optimized, reaching a 30% reaction yield. This new family of trans-estolides required adapted analytical techniques. These polyesters were analyzed with MALDI-TOF-MS using a DHB matrix neutralized with LiOH. 7Li+ ion stabilizes such compounds and less fragmented mass spectra were observed. This technique was less time-consuming than LC-MS. Dimers of the monohydroxylated compound were produced. Secondly, estolides from (10S)-HOME y (7S,10S)-DiHOME were synthesized in a solvent-free media using Novozym 435. Reaction yields of 71 and 94% were reached, respectively, after optimizing reaction media. These compounds were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS using a DHB matrix saturated in acetonitrile for detecting higher mass oligomers. This technique could detect oligomers composed of 6 and 7 monomeric units, respectively. Moreover, NMR were also used to determine the structure of these polyesters. Thirdly, trans-HFA ethyl esters were synthesized due to their aromatic properties. Such esters were produced in organic media, chloroform, and in a solvent-free media, in both cases with a total conversion. trans-HFA ethyl esters were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR for determing their molecular mass and structure, respectively. Finally, a physicochemical study of these compounds, estolides and ethyl ester, was carried out. Viscosity and some calorimetric parameters from DSC and TGA curves were determined.
[eng] About 80% of the oil and fats produced worldwide are vegetable oils and the rest are from animal origin. This amount of fatty acids is used as a source for producing new compounds: long chain diacids or epoxides or omega-hydroxylated fatty acids. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 is a gramnegative bacillus which produces hydroxy-fatty acids (HFA) when is cultivated in a mineral médium using oleic acid as carbon source. These HFA, 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid ((10S)-HOME) and 7,10(S,S)-dihidroxi-8(E)-octadecenoic acid ((7S,10S)-DiHOME), are produced with a non-dispersive aeration system that enhanced oxygenation and homogeneity of the culture media. The following volumetric productivity for these HFA were achieved: 0.29 y 0.31 g•l(-1)•h(-1), respectively. These HFA were purified with levels higher than 91% of purity for being later polymerizated and obtaining estolides, polyesters of HFA. For that purpose Novozym 435, lipase B from Candida antarctica, was chosen among other lipases to performance this enzymatic reaction. First of all, (10S)-HOME estolides were synthesized in organic media, n-hexane. Reaction conditions were optimized, reaching a 30% reaction yield. This new family of trans-estolides required adapted analytical techniques. These polyesters were analyzed with MALDI-TOF-MS using a DHB matrix neutralized with LiOH. 7Li+ ion stabilizes such compounds and less fragmented mass spectra were observed. This technique was less time-consuming than LC-MS. Dimers of the monohydroxylated compound were produced. Secondly, estolides from (10S)-HOME y (7S,10S)-DiHOME were synthesized in a solvent-free media using Novozym 435. Reaction yields of 71 and 94% were reached, respectively, after optimizing reaction media. These compounds were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS using a DHB matrix saturated in acetonitrile for detecting higher mass oligomers. This technique could detect oligomers composed of 6 and 7 monomeric units, respectively. Moreover, NMR were also used to determine the structure of these polyesters. Thirdly, trans-HFA ethyl esters were synthesized due to their aromatic properties. Such esters were produced in organic media, chloroform, and in a solvent-free media, in both cases with a total conversion. trans-HFA ethyl esters were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR for determing their molecular mass and structure, respectively. Finally, a physicochemical study of these compounds, estolides and ethyl ester, was carried out. Viscosity and some calorimetric parameters from DSC and TGA curves were determined.
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MARTÍN ARJOL, Ignacio. Polymeric emulsifiers obtained by bacterial transformation from oily wastes in bioreactor. [consulta: 9 de gener de 2026]. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/54848]