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Thermalized axion inflation: Natural and monomial inflation with small r
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A safe way to reheat the Universe, in models of natural and quadratic inflation, is through shift symmetric couplings between the inflaton ϕ and the Standard Model (SM), since they do not generate loop corrections to the potential V ( ϕ ) . We consider such a coupling to SM gauge fields, of the form ϕ F F / f , with sub-Planckian f . In this case, gauge fields can be exponentially produced already during inflation and thermalize via interactions with charged particles, as pointed out in previous work. This can lead to a plasma of temperature T during inflation, and the thermal masses g T of the gauge bosons can equilibrate the system. In addition, inflaton perturbations δ ϕ can also have a thermal spectrum if they have sufficiently large cross sections with the plasma. In this case, inflationary predictions are strongly modified: (1) scalar perturbations are thermal, and so enhanced over the vacuum, leading to a generic way to suppress the tensor-to-scalar ratio r ; (2) the spectral index is n s − 1 = η − 4 ε . After presenting the relevant conditions for thermalization, we show that thermalized natural and monomial models of inflation agree with present observations and have r ≈ 10 − 3 − 10 − 2 , which is within reach of next generation CMB experiments.
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FERREIRA, Ricardo Z. and NOTARI, Alessio. Thermalized axion inflation: Natural and monomial inflation with small r. Physical Review D. 2018. Vol. 97, num. 6, pags. 063528. ISSN 2470-0010. [consulted: 16 of August of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/144887