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Low-strain effective Young's modulus model and validation for multi-layer vocal fold based silicone specimens with inclusions
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A model of the effective low-strain elastic Young's modulus of multi-layer stacked composites is proposed, which is capable to account for an arbitrary stacked inclusion. Geometrical and discretization-based model results are validated against measured effective Young's moduli (from 10 up to 40 kPa) on 14 molded silicone specimens embedding a stiff (298 kPa) inclusion with variable size, position, and stacking. Specimens without inclusion represent the muscle, superficial, and epithelium layers in a human vocal fold with Young's moduli between 4 and 65 kPa. The proposed model allows to predict the influence of a stiff inclusion, mimicking a structural abnormality or pathology somewhere within the vocal fold, on the low-strain effective Young's modulus. Quantifying the influence of an inclusion or local stiffening on the vocal fold bio-mechanics is a necessary step toward the understanding and mitigation of structural vocal fold pathologies and associated voice disorders.
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AHMAD, Mohammad, et al. Low-strain effective Young's modulus model and validation for multi-layer vocal fold based silicone specimens with inclusions. Journal of Applied Physics. 2022. Vol. 131, num. 5, pags. 054701. ISSN 0021-8979. [consulted: 7 of July of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/194988