Multilingual Naming

Abstract

Bi/multilingualism refers to the ability to use two or more languages in everyday life. Increasing interest has been paid to unveil the neural basis of bilingual language processing; however, the brain representation of language in bilinguals is still a matter of debate. Currently, there is a weak level of evidence supporting that the best probable way to avoid a selective language deficit is to perform multilingual intraoperative tests. The key point is to individualize and tailor—depending on daily needs—the neuropsychological protocol, from testing only the native language up to testing all the languages the patient speaks. Furthermore, the bilingual brain is capable of handling both languages without apparent difficulty or interference. This cognitive ability, which includes language switching, has also been studied and mapped. Results suggest a functional cortico-subcortical network that takes advantage both from language-specific areas and from nonspecific cognitive control regions, working together to maintain effective communication. Therefore, electrical stimulation mapping arises not only as a technique to maintain the quality of life of bilingual patients but also as a useful tool in neurocognitive research.