Reclasificación de los grandes taxa de Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) desde Weld (1952) Hasta 2017: la historia de una lucha evolutiva entre el parasitoidismo y la fitofagia

Abstract

Since Weld published in 1952 his study 'Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950 being a Supplement to the Dalla Torre and Kieffer monograph the Cynipidae' until 2017 many of the higher-level taxa of Cynipoidea have undergone profound variations. Most changes have been published since the 90s of the 20th century, mostly due to phylogenetic studies. The last major reclassification dates to 2015 and refers to the family Cynipidae. In this paper, the higher-level taxonomic variations that have occurred in the last 75 years and the reasons that support them are historically reviewed. Aspicerinae is considered to exclude Melanips since this genus does not include any of the synapomorphies of the subfamily, and so in this study it is considered as a genus of 'uncertain status'. We also discuss what happens with the current subfamily Figitinae. Keys are provided for the higher taxa of Cynipoidea and historical biogeographical data from different authors are given.