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Si us plau utilitzeu sempre aquest identificador per citar o enllaçar aquest document: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/223906
Beyond Standard Neuthreenos. Fundamental physics in the neutrino sector from three perspectives: oscillations, astrophysics and cosmology
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[eng] If we look at the matter that forms the Universe with the highest level of detail we have reached, we find fundamental particles. The physical theory that collects these particles, like the “periodic table” did for the chemical elements, and that describes how they interact is the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics. Of all the fundamental particles of the SM, there are three of them that we cannot yet fully explain: neutrinos.
According to the SM, neutrinos are massless particles. That is, none of the particles that we know is capable of providing mass to the neutrinos, as the Higgs field does with the rest of the particles of the SM. However, in recent decades we have dis- covered and experimentally tested –with a precision that leaves no room for doubt– that neutrinos do have mass. These experiments have measured the so-called neutrino oscillations. These are the first direct experimental proof that the SM, or fundamental particle physics as we know it, is incomplete. That is, new particles or forces are required to explain why neutrinos have mass.
This, however, is not the only shortcoming of the SM. There are phenomena, such as Dark Matter (DM) and Dark Energy (DE), that the SM can hardly explain, and that generally require physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM): new particles or new forces. While the scientific community has thought of many BSM extensions that could solve these shortcomings, as of today the search for them has not given positive results. Since neutrinos are the first particles that have experimentally warned us that the SM is in- complete, why not use them to find out exactly what is missing?
This thesis is an effort in this direction. Specifically, it is a compilation of three ways –different and complementary– in which we can use neutrinos to discover what physics is beyond the SM. In the first part, we delve into neutrino oscillations and, specifically, in the search for sterile neutrinos in low-energy experiments. We review the wave packet description and demonstrate that –for our current experimental knowledge– the wave packet width could affect the results of the searches. In the second part, we move from low energies to the highest energies we know, those of cosmogenic neutrinos. These are neutrinos which are produced by the most energetic particles we know of, ultra-high- energy (UHE) Cosmic Rays. We reanalyze the anomalous detections of UHE neutrinos by the ANITA-IV antenna and analyze how future and present neutrino telescopes could restrict possible BSM extensions. Finally, in the third part, we look at how to use cosmology to calculate the mass of the relic neutrinos of the Universe, as well as the robustness of the method against BSM. Furthermore, we use Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to constrain interactions between neutrinos and ultralight DM.
Thus, this thesis belongs to the phenomenology of particle physics and the search
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for BSM physics, specifically in the neutrino sector. Its approach is a bridge between theoretical and experimental physics: the analysis of theoretically motivated models based on their consequences in present and future experiments. Specifically, it aims to better understand the potential of these experiments and to rethink the hypotheses conventionally assumed behind their measurements.
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BERTÓLEZ MARTÍNEZ, Antoni. Beyond Standard Neuthreenos. Fundamental physics in the neutrino sector from three perspectives: oscillations, astrophysics and cosmology. [consulta: 2 de desembre de 2025]. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/223906]