Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Economia
URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/113612
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TesiObrint les portes de casa: Experiències i resistències de joves LGBT+ del Bages a l’espai domèstic(Universitat de Barcelona, 2024-06-19) Pascual Bordas, Júlia; Rodó-Zárate, Maria, 1986-; Baylina Ferré, Mireia; Universitat de Barcelona. Departament d'Economia[cat] La concepció de la casa com a espai segur s’ha problematitzat des de perspectives feministes i LGBTIA+. Aquestes aproximacions han posat en relleu com la casa pot ser un espai de conflicte, lluita i negociació, que pot generar a dones i persones LGBTIA+ tensions entre sentiments de pertinença i aïllament, intimitat i violència, desig i por. Des de les ciències socials, la recerca s’ha centrat prioritàriament en l’estudi de l’espai públic, deixant l’espai privat en un segon pla, especialment en el cas del col·lectiu LGBTIA+. No obstant això, l’esfera privada i, concretament, la casa és un espai rellevant, ja que és un lloc quotidià on es manifesten, (re)produeixen i transformen dinàmiques de poder importants d'analitzar per la comprensió de les desigualtats socials. La present tesi doctoral planteja posar el focus en la casa com a espai central per indagar sobre com persones joves LGBTIA+ experimenten discriminacions i generen resistències transformadores en el seu dia a dia. A través d’una metodologia qualitativa s'analitza el benestar/malestar, les vivències i les emocions de trenta-set joves LGBT+ en diferents espais de la casa familiar i la casa pròpia. La recerca se situa a la comarca del Bages, fora de l’àmbit metropolità de Barcelona, per tal de respondre a la falta d’estudis en ciutats petites, mitjanes i zones rurals, ampliant així el coneixement sobre les realitats LGBT+ en diferents contextos. En aquesta recerca s'utilitza la intersecció de tres categories (l'edat, el gènere i l'orientació sexual) per conèixer com aquestes es combinen resultant en dinàmiques de poder i estratègies d'afrontament en diferents espais de casa. Els resultats posen de manifest com l'adultisme i la cisheteronorma operen als espais quotidians configurant les experiències de les joves LGBT+. Davant d’un context cisheteronormatiu, les joves amb identitat sexual i de gènere no normativa responen desenvolupant estratègies de resistència i transformació. La tesi mostra la importància de posar el focus en la llar per comprendre com operen les normes socials i ofereix una visió complexa de l’espai privat, com un espai conflictiu amb negociacions, (in)comoditats, poder i emocions contradictòries que permet una comprensió més profunda de com operen les normes socials en els espais domèstics.- TesiInnovation through Cross-Fertilization: Serious games and gamification in the EU-funded research projects(Universitat de Barcelona, 2018-11-07) González-Piñero, Manel; Bonet, Lluís (Bonet i Agustí); Juanola, Esteve; Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat d'Economia i Empresa[eng] In recent years, ecosystems of innovation have gained substantial momentum in academic research. As a response to recent calls in open innovation literature for novel research, this doctoral thesis extends the study of the process and ecosystems of innovation in projects that include serious games and gamification by considering the cross-fertilization of knowledge and technologies. Organizations’ orchestration of activities within their activity systems and transformation of their business models through innovation to realize opportunities with the objective to increase value creation are part of the topic of this dissertation. It has endeavoured to improve the understanding of how cross-fertilized alliances are formed, what their outcomes are, what causes them to generate value (or not) and what capabilities organizations need in order to successfully manage and reap value from the innovation process. For this purpose, two approaches that support innovation have been complementarily taken into account: the knowledge-technological perspective and the management perspective. These perspectives are analysed with the information retrieved from a database of 87 H2020 projects including serious games and/or gamification, 519 organizations and 597 observations. Later, in order to get more insights into the Innovation Management Strategies, a project coordinators survey was conducted. The Knowledge-Technology perspective presents how creating adequate multidisciplinary knowledge and technology is fundamental to ensuring the long-term success of an emerging technology including serious games and/or gamification, and how important is the research and innovation that takes place in the practitioners’ communities. The Management perspective presents the analysis of the innovation management strategies that boost the cross-fertilization of technologies that include serious games and/or gamification. These strategies were analysed by considering literature on innovation and network theories, absorptive capacity and dynamic capabilities. Some personal interviews were conducted with independent experts to understand and have elements for the analysis and discussion of the previous results. Findings suggest that the multidisciplinarity of a project is highly influenced by the creation of knowledge and technology. Furthermore, the management strategies boosting high levels of cross-fertilization of knowledge and technologies -including serious games and/or gamification- are principally market and customer-oriented strategies. Practical and methodological contributions from this study could enrich innovation literature from the point of view of technological and management approaches. The thesis concludes with fruitful avenues for future research.
- TesiUrban transport externalities(Universitat de Barcelona, 2017-06-21) Pasidis, Ilias; Viladecans Marsal, Elisabet; García López, Miquel-Àngel; Universitat de Barcelona. Departament d'Economia[eng] Chapter 2 of this dissertation estimates the joint causal effect of highway and railway Infrastructure on the suburbanization of population in European cities. Using a unique dataset of 579 European cities from 29 European countries during the period 1961-2011, I provide evidence that an additional highway ray displaces on average approximately 9 percent of the central city population to the suburbs in Europe's cities. However, Roman and Medieval cities appear to be more resilient to this process. Indeed, this existence of historical amenities in the cities of Europe appears to provide a reasonable explanation for these differences, providing some of the first empirical evidence for Brueckner et al. ( 1999)'s theory. Chapter 3 of this dissertation tests and confirms the 'fundamental law of highway congestion' for the cities of Europe. Using different approaches, I find an elasticity of Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) with respect to highway lane km in the range of 0. 7-1. In a second stage, I estimate the effect of the increase in highway traffic on the emissions of some of the most harmful air pollutants. For nitrogen oxides, the estimated elasticity is approximately 0.10 - I.e. a ten-percent increase in highway traffic causes a one-percent increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Sulphur dioxide also seems to increase considerably with highway traffic. Furthermore, the heterogeneous analysis shows that the increase in traffic congestion and urban air pollution is higher in cities with- out tolls - a finding that substantiates congestion pricing - and in cities without subways - a finding that corroborates rapid transit policies. Chapter 4, in contrast, analyses the bidirectional relationship between high- way accidents and traffic congestion for highways In England. The research design is based on the daily and hourly specific mean reversion pattern of highway traffic, which can be used to define a recurrent congestion benchmark. Using this benchmark, I am able to identify the causal effect of accidents on non-recurrent traffic congestion. The results of this analysis suggest that a marginal decrease in the average speed due to an accident is about 7.8 km/h, while the journey time increases by around 27 percent when I consider the duration of this effect. Another important finding is that the effect declines by 70-75 percent after the first quarter of an hour. Finally, a back-of- the- envelope calculation suggests that an accident causes on average a 70-minute traffic delay per km for the users of that particular highway segment, while this effect Is 160 minutes in recurrently congested segments. Chapter 5 uses geo-located data of retail rents, shop vacancies and footfall in the Netherlands to quantify shopping externalities. First, a theoretical model formalizes the existence of vacancies in the property market and establishes the relationship between shop rents and footfall, as well between vacancies and footfall. Identification is obtained using a novel research design based on spatial differences of footfall between intersecting shopping streets. The estimates imply an elasticity of rental in- come with respect to footfall of about 0.25 and about 0.1 with respect to the number of shops. The latter is substantial compared to the elasticities in the agglomeration economies literature. A shop's marginal benefit of a pedestrian passing by Is about 0.004 euros. The study also shows that footfall reduces shop vacancy rates consider-ably. Using the estimated elasticity of rental income, welfare considerations can be made taking into account new and existing shops. An average annual subsidy of about 10 percent of the rent to a new shop is welfare optimal, but when subsidies are given to existing shops, subsidies to shops that generate more footfall should be substantially higher.