Exploring the Intersection of Self-Reported Victimization and Offending: Risk Profiles Among a Representative Sample of Spanish Adolescents

Abstract

The study examines profiles of adolescents based on their experiences of victimization and perpetration over the past 12 months using a representative sample of 4,024 Spanish youth aged 14–17 (M = 15.24; SD = 1.56). Participants were assessed on sociodemographic variables, moral emotions, victimization experiences, violent behavior perpetration, alcohol and pornography consumption, and runaway behavior. Four distinct clusters were identified: “no violence” (59.4%), “victimization only” (32.0%), “polyvictimization and perpetration” (8.1%), and “polyvictimization and polyperpetration” (0.5%). Significant demographic differences emerged, particularly in gender, with males overrepresented in groups involving perpetration. Victim- offenders exhibited elevated levels of risk factors, including moral disengagement, alcohol and pornography use, and runaway tendencies. These findings highlight the nuanced relationships between victimization and perpetration. Adolescents in the most severe profiles (polyvictimization and polyperpetration) were at greater risk of antisocial behaviors. The study emphasizes the necessity for targeted interventions that address the specific needs of each profile. Policymakers and practitioners must design prevention and social intervention programs that consider these diverse profiles, focusing on the intricate interplay between victimization, perpetration, and associated risk factors. These efforts are crucial for mitigating the development of antisocial behavior and providing support to juvenile victims and offenders.