Articles publicats en revistes (Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia)

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Consumo de noticias generadas por IA: impacto emocional y atencional en estudiantes universitarios
(Universidad de Piura, 2025-09-03) Villalba-Palacín, Vicente; Franganillo, Jorge; Lopezosa, Carlos; Sánchez, Lydia; Calderón Garrido, Caterina
Propósito: El uso generalizado de Internet y redes sociales ha impulsado nuevas formas de comunicación e interacción virtual, especialmente entre estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 24 años, quienes son usuarios intensivos de esta tecnología. En este contexto, la inteligencia artificial (IA) y su capacidad para generar contenido, como noticias, han suscitado debate sobre la veracidad de la información y la necesidad de un consumo responsable para prevenir la desinformación. Además, diversos estudios muestran que el uso excesivo de dispositivos móviles, Internet y redes sociales puede generar adicción y que los textos generados por IA pueden ser tan persuasivos como los escritos por humanos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar si existen diferencias en la respuesta emocional y la atencional ante noticias periodísticas frente a aquellas generadas por IA (GPT-4) en función del sexo y del nivel de adicción a Internet. Metodología: Se emplea Sociograph, para evaluar la activación fisiológica ante diferentes estímulos, y el test de adicción a Internet de Young. Resultados y conclusiones: El estudio se realizó con 46 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran una mayor reactividad emocional al consumir noticias generadas por IA, lo que resalta la necesidad de un análisis crítico de la información en la era digital. Aportes originales: Este estudio ofrece evidencia novedosa sobre cómo la información generada por IA puede generar una mayor respuesta emocional que la periodística y plantea nuevas preguntas sobre el papel de la adicción a Internet como factor de riesgo en la susceptibilidad a la desinformación.
Cognitive conflicts in major depression: Between desired change and personal coherence
(Wiley, 2014-04-16) Feixas i Viaplana, Guillem; Montesano del Campo, Adrián; Compañ, Victoria; Salla Martínez, Marta; Dada, Gloria; Pucurull, Olga; Trujillo, Ángela; Paz, Clara; Muñoz Cano, Dámaris; Gasol, Miquel; Saúl Gutiérrez, Luis Ángel; Lana, Fernando; Bros, Ignasi; Ribeiro, Eugénia; Winter, David A., 1950-; Carrera Fernández, María Jesús; Guàrdia-Olmos, Joan, 1958-
Objectives The notion of intrapsychic conflict has been present in psychopathology for more than a century within different theoretical orientations. However, internal conflicts have not received enough empirical attention, nor has their importance in depression been fully elaborated. This study is based on the notion of cognitive conflict, understood as implicative dilemma (ID), and on a new way of identifying these conflicts by means of the Repertory Grid Technique. Our aim was to explore the relevance of cognitive conflicts among depressive patients.DesignComparison between persons with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and community controls. Methods A total of 161 patients with major depression and 110 non-depressed participants were assessed for presence of IDs and level of symptom severity. The content of these cognitive conflicts was also analysed.ResultsRepertory grid analysis indicated conflict (presence of ID/s) in a greater proportion of depressive patients than in controls. Taking only those grids with conflict, the average number of IDs per person was higher in the depression group.In addition, participants with cognitive conflicts displayed higher symptom severity. Within the clinical sample, patients with IDs presented lower levels of global functioning and a more frequent history of suicide attempts. Conclusions Cognitive conflicts were more prevalent in depressive patients and were associated with clinical severity. Conflict assessment at pre-therapy could aid in treatment planning to fit patient characteristics. Practitioner points Internal conflicts have been postulated in clinical psychology for a long time but there is little evidence about its relevance due to the lack of methods to measure them.We developed a method for identifying conflicts using the Repertory Grid Technique.Depressive patients have higher presence and number of conflicts than controls.Conflicts (implicative dilemmas) can be a new target for intervention in depression. Cautions/Limitations A cross-sectional design precluded causal conclusions.The role of implicative dilemmas in the causation or maintenance of depression cannot be ascertained from this study.
Unravelling the Link Between Body Mass Index and Cognitive Performance in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder and Exploration of PRS Moderation Effect: Findings From the PsyCourse Study
(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-08-31) Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa; Montejo Egido, Laura; Budde, Monika; Valentí Ribas, Marc; Borràs, Roger; Martín Parra, Sara; Ruiz Muñoz, Andrea; Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-; Adorjan, Kristina; Heilbronner, Maria; Navarro Flores, Alba; Kohshour, Mojtaba Oraki; Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela; Schulte, Eva C.; Senner, Fanny; Anghelescu, I.G.; Arolt, Volker; Baune, Bernhard T.; Dannlowski, Udo; Dietrich, Detlef E.; Fallgatter, Andreas J.; Figge, Christian; Juckel, Georg; Konrad, Carsten; Reimer, Jens; Reininghaus, Eva Z.; Schmauß, Max; Spitzer, Carsten; Wiltfang, Jens; Zimmermann, Jorg; Falkai, Peter; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Schulze, Thomas G.; Torrent Font, Carla; Heilbronner, Urs; Papiol, Sergi
Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by extreme mood swings, often accompanied by metabolic comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, which increase mortality and reduce quality of life. Both metabolic dysfunctions and BD are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Body mass index (BMI) is closely linked to metabolic health and cognitive performance. This study examined the link between BMI and cognitive function in individuals with BD and how genetic factors, namely polygenic risk scores (PRS) for BD and BMI, might influence this link. Methods: Genetic (PRS scores) and phenotypic data (sociodemographic factors, clinical symptoms and cognitive function) of 341 adult patients with BD diagnosis from the PsyCourse Study, a large, multi-site, and naturalistic longitudinal study, were utilized for this study. First, we performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses to investigate associations between BMI and cognitive performance. Second, moderation analyses were conducted to examine the potential moderator effects of BD-PRS or BMI-PRS in the relationship between BMI and different cognitive outcomes. Results: BMI was associated with processing speed (TMT-A) and executive function (TMT-B), with individuals with higher BMI showing poorer performance. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of BMI on cognition was moderated by BD-PRS only regarding the processing speed. BMI-PRS did not moderate the association between BMI and cognitive variables. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the relationship between BMI and cognitive impairment in BD is partially moderated by BD genetic liability but not by BMI genetic load.
Self-reported sexual victimization among Chilean children and youth
(Springer Publishers, 2021-04) Pinto-Cortez, Cristián; Peña, Fabiola; Garrido, Norman; Muzatto, Paola; Pereda Beltran, Noemí
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual victimization among a representative sample of children and youth from Chile and to analyze the sex and age differences. The First National Survey of Poly-victimization collected cross-sectional data via a self-report survey of 19,648 children and youth (aged 12-18 years). Lifetime victimization was reported by 31.9% of children and youth (23.9% of males and 39.7% of females) and 21.9% reported victimization in the past year (16.8% of males and 26.9% of females). Girls presented higher percentages of lifetime sexual victimization with and without physical contact in practically all of the items. However, boys had a higher prevalence in statutory rape. Younger participants reported a prevalence of sexual victimization of 23.1%, while older participants reported a prevalence of 40.0%. Youth between the ages of 15 and 18 years had a higher prevalence of lifetime sexual victimization in practically all its forms, except for verbal sexual harassment. The results show that Chilean children and youth are exposed to sexual victimization in an extensive way, which demands an immediate response by public policy.
Recovery, Citizenship, and Personhood of People with Lived Experience of Mental Health Problems during the Pandemic: Two Expert Focus Groups
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022-08-30) Eiroá Orosa, Francisco José; Tormo-Clemente, Roser
The pandemic has dealt a severe blow to everyone, but especially to people with previous vulnerabilities, such as people with lived experience of mental health problems. Studies on the increased incidence of all types of mental disorders have been published incessantly since the beginning of the pandemic. However, not much has been said about the impact of the pandemic in terms of their rights, already hampered by stigma and social discrimination before the pandemic. The full inclusion of people with lived experience of mental health problems as full citizens is a limitation in all societies, and it implies a burden in their recovery journeys. In these pandemic times, we think the rights of persons with lived experience of mental health problems deserves special attention. We carried out two focus groups with 17 key participants with different mental health expertise from three Spanish-speaking countries (Chile, Colombia, and Spain) to consider possible violations of rights that have occurred in the pandemic context but also experiences of individual and collective resilience that have helped maintain well-being among this group of people.
A multidimensional approach to the relationship between individualism-collectivism and guilt and shame
(American Psychological Association, 2021) Young, Isaac F.; Razavi, Pooya; Cohen, Taya R.; Yang, Qian; Alabèrnia Segura, Miquel; Sullivan, Daniel
Guilt and shame proneness are commonly thought to be associated with culture, yet research on this relationship is fragmented and often inconsistent. In a review of the existing social scientific literature, we demonstrate that no consistent relationship between guilt and shame, on the one hand, and individualism and collectivism, on the other, has yet been established. To move this research area forward, we apply a new 2-dimensional, quaternary perspective to both guilt/shame and cultural orientation. Specifically, both evaluative and behavioral dimensions of guilt and shame are considered using the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP; Cohen, Wolf, Panter, & Insko, 2011), as well as the degree of hierarchy (i.e., horizontality-verticality) in individuals’ cultural orientation (Triandis & Gelfand, 1998). A study of individuals from 5 countries (United States, India, China, Iran, and Spain; total N =1,466) confirmed our hypotheses that individuals culturally socialized to be more interpersonally oriented (i.e., horizontal collectivism) are more motivated to engage in reparative action following transgressions, whereas those culturally socialized to be more attuned to power, status, and competition (i.e., vertical individualism) are more likely to withdraw from threatening interpersonal situations, and that these relationships are stronger than corresponding relationships with guilt- and shame-related evaluations. In addition to supporting these hypotheses, our data also provide the first cross-cultural evidence regarding the invariance of the GASP.
Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in Spanish Population
(Hogrefe Publishing, 2022-02-28) Alabèrnia Segura, Miquel; Feixas i Viaplana, Guillem; Gallardo-Pujol, David
Aims: We aim to develop a Spanish version of the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP) and evaluate its psychometric properties with a Spanish sample. Method: A Spanish version of the GASP was developed by Spanish and English speakers using translation and back-translation. The translated GASP was administered to a sample of 277 Spanish college students (239 females). The validity and reliability of the scale were tested using standard statistical methods. Results: The translated version of the GASP scale was found to have outstanding domain coherence and language clarity. The tested scales showed adequate reliability (>.55), which can be considered evidence supporting its reliability, given that the GASP is a scenario-based measure with only four items in each subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor solution. In addition, a nomological network is provided using the Spanish version of the HEXACO questionnaire. Conclusions: This study presents the first validation of the GASP questionnaire among the general Spanish population. Furthermore, the GASP instrument was found to have satisfactory psychometric properties, resulting in a new tool for researching the moral and social aspects of human experience.
Moral identity questionnaire (MIQ): adaptation and psychometric properties in a Spanish population
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 2023-06-30) Alabèrnia Segura, Miquel; Feixas i Viaplana, Guillem; Gallardo-Pujol, David
This research aims to develop a Spanish version of the Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) and evaluate its psychometric properties among the Spanish population. Spanish and English speakers developed a Spanish version of the Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) through translation and back-translation. The translated MIQ was administered jointly with the HEXACO and the Dirty Dozen questionnaire to two samples of the general Spanish population [total N = 416 (239 females)]. The validity and reliability of the scale were tested using standard statistical methods. The translated version of the MIQ scale was found to have domain coherence and language clarity. The tested scales have adequate reliability (>.72). Confirmatory factor analysis, invariance analysis and correlations with other measures of morality confirmed the bifactor solution by yielding adequate results. This study presents the first validation of the MIQ questionnaire with the general Spanish population. MIQ instrument was found to have good psychometric properties, resulting in a new moral and social research tool.
Identifying neurocognitive heterogeneity in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder: a cluster analysis
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-02-01) Montejo Egido, Laura; Jiménez Martínez, Ester; Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa; Murru, Andrea; Arbelo, Néstor; Benabarre, Antonio; Valentí Ribas, Marc; Clougher, Derek; Rodríguez, M.A.; Borràs, Roger; Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Bonnín Roig, Caterina del Mar; Torrent Font, Carla
Background: Cognitive profiles of BD patients show a demonstrated heterogeneity among young and middle-aged patients, but this issue has not yet deeply explored in Older Adults with bipolar disorder (OABD). The aim of the present study was to analyze cognitive variability in a sample of OABD. Methods: A total of 138 OABD patients and 73 healthy controls were included in this study. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was administered. We performed a k-means cluster analysis method based on the neurocognitive performance to detect heterogeneous subgroups. Demographic, clinical, cognitive and functional variables were compared. Finally, univariate logistic regressions were conducted to detect variables associated with the severity of the cognitive impairment. Results: We identified three distinct clusters based on the severity of cognitive impairment: (1) a preserved group (n = 58; 42%) with similar cognitive performance to HC, (2) a group showing mild cognitive deficits in all cognitive domains (n = 64; 46%) and, finally, (3) a group exhibiting severe cognitive impairment (n = 16; 12%). Older age, late onset, higher number of psychiatric admissions and lower psychosocial functioning were associated with the greatest cognitive impairment. Lower age, more years of education and higher estimated IQ were associated with a preserve cognitive functioning. Limitations: The small sample size of the severely impaired group. Conclusions: Cognitive heterogeneity remains at late-life bipolar disorder. Demographic and specific illness factors are related to cognitive dysfunction. Detecting distinct cognitive subgroups may have significant clinical implications for tailoring specific intervention strategies adapted to the level of the impairment and also to prevent cognitive decline.
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study
(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-12-01) Serra Navarro, Maria; Heilbronner, Maria; Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa; Borràs, Roger; Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-; Adorjan, Kristina; Navarro Flores, Alba; Kohshour, Mojtaba Oraki; Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela; Schulte, Eva C.; Senner, Fanny; Anghelescu, Ion-George; Arolt, Volker; Baune, Bernhard T.; Dannlowski, Udo; Fallgatter, Andreas J.; Figge, Christian; Jäger, Markus; Juckel, Georg; Konrad, Carsten; Dietrich, Detlef E.; Reimer, Jens; Reininghaus, Eva Z.; Schmauß, Max; Schmitt, Andrea; Spitzer, Carsten; Wiltfang, Jens; Zimmermann, Jorg; Papiol, Sergi; Heilbronner, Urs; Falkai, Peter; Schulze, Thomas G.; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Torrent Font, Carla; Budde, Monika; Amoretti Guadall, Silvia
Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are serious mental illnesses (SMI) with overlapping symptoms but distinct differences in onset and course. Sex differences are an area of growing interest in SMI. This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis across a broad range of variables, to compare males and females within SZ and BD, and to investigate sex-specific group differences. Methods A total of 1516 individuals were included in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the multicenter PsyCourse Study, including BD (n = 543), SZ (n = 517), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 456). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to analyze differences between groups and sexes. False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were performed. Results Significant interactions were identified in age (p = 0.001), age at treatment (p = 0.05), illness duration (p = 0.03), illicit drug use (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.05). Differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ. The BD group showed better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group. Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory (p = 0.003) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) than males. Moreover, both females and males with SMI showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with HC (p = 0.01 for females and p = 0.002 for males). Conclusions Significant sex differences were observed in substance use and somatic comorbidities. Interactions between diagnosis and sex underscore the importance of considering both factors in clinical assessments. These findings highlight the need to tailor sex-specific treatment for each patient. Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders.
From the reward network to whole-brain metrics: structural connectivity in adolescents and young adults according to body mass index and genetic risk of obesity
(Nature Publishing Group, 2024) Prunell Castañé, Anna; Beyer, Frauke; Witte, Veronica; Sánchez-Garre, Consuelo; Hernan, Imma; Caldú i Ferrús, Xavier; Jurado, Ma. Ángeles (María Ángeles); Garolera i Freixa, Maite
Background: Obesity is a multifactorial condition. Genetic variants, such as the fat mass and obesity related gene (FTO)polymorphism, may increase the vulnerability of developing obesity by disrupting dopamine signaling within the reward network. Yet, the association of obesity, genetic risk of obesity, and structural connectivity of the reward network in adolescents and young adults remains unexplored. We investigate, in adolescents and young adults, the structural connectivity differences in the reward network and at the whole-brain level according to body mass index (BMI) and the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. Methods: One hundred thirty-two adolescents and young adults (age range: [10, 21] years, BMI z-score range: [−1.76, 2.69]) were included. Genetic risk of obesity was determined by the presence of the FTO A allele. Whole-brain and reward network structural connectivity were analyzed using graph metrics. Hierarchical linear regression was applied to test the association between BMI-z, genetic risk of obesity, and structural connectivity. Results: Higher BMI-z was associated with higher (B = 0.76, 95% CI = [0.30, 1.21], P = 0.0015) and lower (B = −0.003, 95% CI = [−0.006, −0.00005], P = 0.048) connectivity strength for fractional anisotropy at the whole-brain level and of the reward network, respectively. The FTO polymorphism was not associated with structural connectivity nor with BMI-z. Conclusions: We provide evidence that, in healthy adolescents and young adults, higher BMI-z is associated with higher connectivity at the whole-brain level and lower connectivity of the reward network. We did not find the FTO polymorphism to correlate with structural connectivity. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess how genetic determinants of obesity change brain structural connectivity and behavior.
Spanish validation of the Barcelona TEMPS-A questionnaire in patients with bipolar disorder and general population
(Elsevier B.V., 2019-02-11) Jiménez Martínez, Ester; Bonnín Roig, Caterina del Mar; Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa; Sánchez-Moreno, José; Reinares, María; Torrent Font, Carla; Torres, Imma; Salagre Muñoz, Estela; Varo, Cristina; Ruíz, Victoria; Giménez Palomo, Anna; Benabarre, Antonio; Gutiérrez-Rojas, Luis; Cervilla, Jorge; Sáiz Martínez, Pilar Alejandra; García Portilla, María Paz; Bobes García, Julio; Amann, Benedikt L.; Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-
Background: The Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego (TEMPS-A) is a self-administered questionnaire intended to assess five affective temperaments: depressive, cyclothymic, hy-perthymic, irritable and anxious. Our objective was to examine the psychometric properties of the TEMPS-A using a sample comprised by patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC) and to determine cut- off scores for each temperament. Methods: Five hundred and ninety-eight individuals (327 BD and 271 HC) completed the TEMPS-A. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine internal consistency reliability. Test-retest reliability and association between different temperamental scales were assessed using Spearman correlation. To confirm factor structure a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out. Cut-off scores indicating the presence of dominant temperament were also calculated. Results: Internal consistency was optimal for all temperament subscales (α: 0.682- 0.893). The questionnaire demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ρ: 0.594–0.754). The strongest positive associations were found between cyclothymic and anxious and between depressive and anxious temperaments. Hyperthymic and depressive as well as hyperthymic and anxious temperaments showed a strong negative correlation. Limitations: The HC sample was not matched with the BD group. There were some sociodemographic and clinical differences between groups that may impact on the obtained results. A portion of patients with BD was recruited from tertiary centers. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the Barcelona TEMPS-A questionnaire presents a good internal consistency and their results are stable in clinical population. The performance of the Barcelona TEMPS-A is as good as the original scale.
Predicting Response to Pro-Cognitive Interventions in Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Task Force
(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-09-14) Tsapekos, Dimosthenis; Kalfas, Michail; Schandorff, Johanna M; Bonnín Roig, Caterina del Mar; Bowie, Christopher R; Balanzá-Martínez, V.; Burdick, Katherine E; Carvalho, André F.; Dols, Annemiek; Douglas, Katie; Gallagher, Peter; Hasler, Gregor; Kessing, Lars V; Kjærstad, Hanne Lie; Lafer, Beny; Lewandowski, Kathryn E; López Jaramillo, Carlos; Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-; McIntyre, Roger S.; Porter, Richard J; Purdon, Scot E; Schaffer, Ayal; Stokes, Paul R A; Sumiyoshi, Tomiki; Torres, Ivan J; Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E ; Yatham, Lakshmi N; Zarp, Jeff; Young, Allan H.; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Miskowiak, Kamilla W.
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often associated with persistent cognitive deficits that impair psychosocial functioning. While pro-cognitive interventions show promise, trial findings are inconsistent, potentially due to baseline factors influencing treatment response. This systematic review summarizes evidence on pre-treatment characteristics associated with cognitive improvement and offers methodological recommendations. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library from inception to February 28, 2025. Eligible studies included primary or secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating predictors of cognitive response to pro-cognitive interventions in MDD and/or BD. Two researchers independently conducted study selection and risk of bias assessments. Findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: Forty studies (N = 3864) were identified, covering pharmacological treatments (k = 20; N = 2299), psychological therapies (k = 16; N = 1165), brain stimulation (k = 2; N = 168), and physical activity (k = 2; N = 232). Poorer baseline cognitive performance was the most consistent predictor of greater cognitive improvement, though the direction of the effect was not entirely uniform across all studies. Baseline depression severity showed no significant association with cognitive outcomes. Age, education, sex, IQ, diagnosis, and medication status were similarly non-predictive. Risk of bias was high in 77% of studies, mainly due to deviations from specified outcomes, poor randomization processes, and inconsistent handling of missing data. Considerable heterogeneity in interventions, outcome measures, and sample characteristics limited replicability and precluded meta-analysis. Conclusion: Poorer baseline cognition emerged as the most reliable predictor of greater cognitive improvement across interventions. More rigorous, well-powered studies are needed to replicate these findings and identify robust predictors to guide personalized pro-cognitive treatment approaches in mood disorders.
Sex differences in psychosocial functioning and neurocognition in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2025-03-05) Serra Navarro, Maria; Clougher, Derek; Oliva, Vincenzo; Valenzuela-Pascual, Clàudia; De Prisco, Michele; Forte, Maria Florencia; Garriga, Marina; Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa; Sánchez-Moreno, José; Verdolini, Norma; Menculini, Giulia; Tortorella, Alfonso; Bernardo Arroyo, Miquel; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni; Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Amoretti Guadall, Silvia; Torrent Font, Carla
Introduction: Impairment in both psychosocial functioning and neurocognition (NC) performance is present in bipolar disorder (BD) yet the role of sex differences in these deficits remains unclear. The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether males and females with BD demonstrate differences in psychosocial functioning and NC performance. Methods: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception until November 20, 2023. Results: Twenty studies published between 2005 and 2023 with a total sample size of 2286 patients with BD were included. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant result with a small effect (SMD = 0.313) for sex differences in verbal learning and memory as well as visual learning and memory (SMD = 0.263). Females outperformed males in both domains. No significant sex differences were observed for any other NC outcome or psychosocial functioning. High heterogeneity and differences in assessment scales used should be considered when interpreting these findings, given their potential impact on results. Conclusions: Future research should adopt a more homogenous, standardized approach using longitudinal designs to gain a clearer insight nto sex differences in this population. This approach so may increase the use of preventative therapeutic options to address the difficult clinical challenge of reaching cognitive and functional recovery.
The scope of religious related child sexual abuse in Spain: A prevalence study
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-07-30) Pereda Beltran, Noemí; Tamarit Sumalla, Josep M. (Josep Maria); Suárez-Soto, Elizabeth
Background and Objectives: Research on the prevalence of child sexual abuse within the Catholic Church has been limited in Europe. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of religious-related sexual abuse in a broad sample of the Spanish population, placing it within the broader context of sexual violence against children and adolescents. Participants and Setting: Among the survey respondents, 52.3% were women (n = 4,188) and 47.7% were men (n = 3,825). Participants ranged in age from 18 to 100 years (M = 51.5, SD = 17.6), with the majority (n = 7,154; 89.5%) born in Spain. Results: The results indicated that 11.7% of respondents were victims of child sexual abuse, with a higher prevalence among women (8.6%) compared to men (3.1%). A total of 1.1% of respondents reported having experienced religious-related sexual abuse, primarily in religious educational institutions or churches, with 0.6% identifying a Catholic clergyman as the perpetrator. The majority of ecclesiastical abuse involved physical contact, and in many cases, the abuse was recurrent. Victims of religious-related abuse reported more significant spiritual consequences compared to those abused in other contexts. Conclusion: The findings highlight patterns of sexual abuse similar to those observed in other countries, with a notable prevalence of abuse in male Catholic schools during the Franco dictatorship era.
Group cohesion in online and in-person psychotherapy in a randomized control trial for cancer survivors
(Elsevier España, 2025-10-15) Arizu-Onassis, Alejandra; Medina Alcaraz, Juan Carlos; Lleras de Frutos, María; Flix-Valle, Aida; Serra Blasco, María; Ciria Suárez, Laura ; Ochoa Arnedo, Cristian
Objective: To explore the role of group cohesion (GC) in-person positive group psychotherapy (PPPC) and online positive group psychotherapy (OPPC). Method: A sample of 126 female cancer survivors experiencing emotional distress following primary oncological treatment was randomized to PPPC or OPPC. Measures of emotional distress, post-traumatic stress, and post-traumatic growth were taken at pre-treatment, post-treatment (after 12 weeks), and 3-month follow-up (from post-treatment), with GC assessed at post-treatment for this secondary analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in GC levels between the PPPC and OPPC groups. Higher GC was associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms (b= -0.80, CI(95 %)= -1.18 – -0.42, p< 0.001) and post-traumatic stress (b= -1.38, CI(95 %)= -2.42 – -0.34, p< 0.010) in both modalities. Participants with higher GC reported immediate post-traumatic growth at post-treatment, while those with lower GC achieved similar growth levels by 3-month follow-up. No specific sociodemographic or clinical variables were associated with higher GC. Conclusions: In group psychotherapy for cancer survivors, GC is associated with a more pronounced reduction of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress, and with earlier post-traumatic growth in both OPPC and PPPC. Findings suggest that all cancer survivors have equal potential to develop GC, regardless of clinical or sociodemographic characteristics.
Attributions of blame among victims of child sexual abuse: Findings from a community sample
(Taylor & Francis, 2018-11) Okur, Pinar; Pereda Beltran, Noemí; Van der Knaap, Leontien M.; Bogaerts, Stefan
According to the attribution theory, negative outcomes of child sexual abuse (CSA) are thought to vary depending on whether CSA victims attribute the abuse to internal or external factors, respectively, self-blame and perpetrator-blame. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify abuse characteristics and attitudes that influence blame attributions among CSA victims from a community sample. Data from respondents with a history of CSA (N = 1,496) have been used in predicting blame attributions; perpetrator-blame, self-blame, or both. Results from a multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that attitudes toward gender roles had a significant effect on blame: victims were more likely to blame themselves when they endorsed more conservative gender attitudes than victims with more liberal attitudes. Implications for this finding are discussed.
Extended reality (XR) in psychosocial and forensic interventions for child and adolescent sexual abuse: a systematic review of current applications and future directions
(Frontiers Media, 2025-11-20) Leiva, Varinia; Pereda Beltran, Noemí; Cenzano, Nicolás
The integration of extended reality (XR) technologies—virtual (VR) and augmented (AR)—into child sexual abuse (CSA) interventions has grown over the past decade. This systematic review explores the application, efficacy, and ethical implications of XR tools in psychosocial, forensic, preventive, and therapeutic approaches addressing CSA. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, identifying 11 empirical studies published between 2014 and 2024. Three main intervention categories emerged: (1) professional training, (2) prevention, and (3) therapeutic treatment. Most studies focused on enhancing forensic interviewing skills through avatar-based simulations and immersive training, demonstrating increased use of relevant questions and improved selfefficacy among professionals. Preventive interventions used VR and serious games in school settings to promote body safety awareness and protective behaviors in children. Despite their promise, only one study addressed therapeutic applications directly, highlighting the use of a nonverbal digital tool and serious game to facilitate trauma narration in children with CSA experiences, based on trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). The findings emphasize XR’s potential to foster engagement, realism, and emotional safety in highly sensitive contexts, specifically in CSA interventions. However, challenges include limited longitudinal evidence, lack of culturally diverse studies, and ethical concerns about exposure, re-victimization, and emotional risks for minors. This review underscores the need for more ethically rigorous research to determine the impact of XR-based interventions in child sexual victimization management.
The Role of Cognitive Functioning in the ICF Framework: A Systematic Review of Its Influence on Activities and Participation and Environmental Factors in People with Cerebral Palsy
(MDPI, 2025-09-10) Carracedo-Martín, María; Moral‑Salicrú, Paula; Blasco, Montse; Fernández Andújar, Marina; Pueyo Benito, Roser; Ballester Plané, Júlia
Background/Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor disability in childhood and is frequently associated with cognitive impairments that limit autonomy and participation. While motor function is a known predictor of functional outcomes, the specific contribution of cognitive domains within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework remains unexplored. This systematic review examines the relationship between cognitive domains and the ICF components of Activities and Participation, and Environmental Factors in people with CP. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ERIC, and WOS) for studies published between 2002 and 2025. Eligible studies included participants with CP (n = 3056) and analyzed associations between cognitive functions and ICF domains using standardized tools and statistical methods. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. Results: Forty-four studies met inclusion criteria, involving mostly children and adolescents with spastic CP and mild to moderate motor impairment. General intellectual functioning, language, and visual perception were the most studied domains, showing consistent associations with ICF chapters such as Learning and applying knowledge, Communication, and Mobility. Although fewer studies examined Environmental Factors, relevant associations emerged with support systems, attitudes, and services. Heterogeneity in assessment methods and participant profiles was observed, and adult representation was limited. Conclusions: Cognitive functioning is significantly associated with multiple ICF domains in CP. Environmental Factors remain insufficiently addressed. Further research should consider CP heterogeneity and promote standardized assessments to support ICF-based intervention planning.
ALCO-VR Project: A randomized clinical trial evaluating virtual reality cue-exposure Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Alcohol Use Disorder patients
(Sociedad Científica Española de Estudios sobre el Alcohol, el Alcoholismo y las otras Toxicomanías, 2025-09-22) Ghiţă, Alexandra; Hernández Serrano, Olga; Ruiz, Jolanda F. (Fernandez Ruiz); Gacto-Sánchez, Mariano; Monras Arnau, Miquel; Gual, Antoni; Porras-García, Bruno; Ferrer, Marta (Ferrer García); Gutiérrez Maldonado, José
The management of “treatment-resistant” alcohol use disorder (AUD) often presents significant challenges. Virtual reality (VR) applications, specifically VR cue exposure therapy (VR-CET), offer a potentially complementary approach to the standard treatment (TAU). This randomized clinical trial (RCT) aimed to assess VR-CET’s effectiveness when added to TAU, compared to TAU alone, in reducing alcohol craving and anxiety among individuals with treatment-resistant AUD. The study also sought to determine anxiety and craving levels during VR-CET sessions and to explore long-term effects. Eighty-five AUD patients from the Clinic Hospital of Barcelona participated. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG), receiving VR-CET plus TAU, or a control group (CG), receiving TAU alone. The EG completed six VR-CET sessions alongside TAU, while the CG continued with only TAU. Alcohol craving and anxiety were assessed before and after treatment for both groups, and during VR-CET sessions for the EG. Relapses were monitored at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-treatment. Results indicated no significant main effects of “type of treatment” (EG vs. CG) on craving or anxiety. However, a significant “time” factor was observed, showing reductions in craving and anxiety from pre-test to post-test, regardless of the treatment type. Within VR-CET sessions, EG participants reported minimal anxiety and craving by the end of the therapy. Importantly, no statistically significant differences in relapse rates were found between the EG and CG at any follow-up period (3, 6, 12 months). The clinical implications of the study, limitations, and research directions are further discussed.

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