Monitorización de la carga de entrenamiento y competición en baloncesto femenino: jóvenes y alto nivel

Abstract

[spa] Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la monitorización de la carga de entrenamiento y competición en el baloncesto femenino, utilizando tecnología para optimizar el rendimiento y reducir el riesgo de lesiones. Compuesta por cuatro estudios científicos, incluye dos revisiones sistemáticas sobre demanda física y respuesta fisiológica, un estudio de carga de entrenamiento con jugadoras jóvenes de alto nivel y un protocolo de investigación para la monitorización de competiciones oficiales en un equipo semiprofesional. Los resultados destacan la importancia de consensuar métodos y métricas de monitorización, teniendo en cuenta las características específicas de las deportistas femeninas, como las fluctuaciones hormonales del ciclo menstrual, para mejorar la carga tanto en entrenamientos como en competiciones.

[eng] Women's basketball, in both 5x5 and 3x3 formats, is a global sport requiring high intensity, technical skills, and tactical knowledge in a dynamic environment. Performance evaluation ranges from basic game actions (points, rebounds) to advanced statistics (game pace, involvement) and conditional aspects (total distance, high-intensity actions). Monitoring training and competition load using technology aims to optimize training and reduce injury risk, which is the primary focus of this doctoral thesis. It studies the methods, metrics, and reported values in the literature for monitoring load in women's basketball at different competitive levels. The thesis comprises four studies employing various methodologies. First, two systematic reviews summarize and analyze evidence on physical demands and physiological responses in women's basketball, providing a comprehensive overview of load monitoring tools. Second, a study on training load monitoring with young high-level players examines the relationship between load constructs, physical demands, and physiological responses. Lastly, a research protocol for monitoring official competitions in a semi-professional adult team analyzes the relationship between physical demands measured by inertial sensors and game performance indicators. The systematic reviews included 40 publications on external load and 44 on internal load. External load studies focused on training (n=11), games (n=20), or both (n=9), primarily using inertial sensors (n=28/40). The "Player Load" (PL) metric highlighted higher physical demands in higher-level players. Internal load methods primarily used perceived exertion (RPE) (n=28/44) and heart rate monitoring (HR) (n=27/44), with training HR averages showing a wider range than game HR, reflecting game intensity. The training load study observed broad ranges in external load values, such as total accelerations (1767.0 ± 385.5) and maximum accelerations (258.0 ± 82.2), with strong correlations between total accelerations and Banister's training impulses (0.8). A strong correlation was also noted between total accelerations and HR zone summation models (SHRZ) and perceived exertion (sRPE). This thesis enhances understanding of methods, metrics, and reference values for load monitoring in women's basketball, facilitating load optimization in training and competition. Future research should establish consensus on these references, considering specific characteristics of female athletes, such as menstrual cycle hormonal fluctuations affecting physiological markers and load perception.