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Si us plau utilitzeu sempre aquest identificador per citar o enllaçar aquest document: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/175481
Social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes among adult smokers in seven European Countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
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Introduction: This study explores whether current smokers' social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) vary across seven European countries alongside smoking and e-cigarette prevalence rates. At the time of surveying, England had the lowest current smoking prevalence and Greece the highest. Hungary, Romania and Spain had the lowest prevalence of any e-cigarette use and England the highest. Methods: Respondents were adult (≥18 years) current smokers from the 2016 EUREST-PLUS ITC (Romania, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Greece, Germany) and ITC 4CV England Surveys (N=7779). Using logistic regression, associations between country and (a) smoking norms and (b) e-cigarette norms were assessed, adjusting for age, sex, income, education, smoking status, heaviness of smoking, and e-cigarette status. Results: Compared with England, smoking norms were higher in all countries: reporting that at least three of five closest friends smoke (19% vs 65-84% [AOR=6.9-24.0; Hungary-Greece]), perceiving that people important to them approve of smoking (8% vs 14-57% [1.9-51.1; Spain-Hungary]), perceiving that the public approves of smoking (5% vs 6-37% [1.7-15.8; Spain-Hungary]), disagreeing that smokers are marginalised (9% vs 16-50% [2.3-12.3; Poland-Greece]) except in Hungary. Compared with England: reporting that at least one of five closest friends uses e-cigarettes was higher in Poland (28% vs 36% [2.7]) but lower in Spain and Romania (28% vs 6-14% [0.3-0.6]), perceiving that the public approves of e-cigarettes was higher in Poland, Hungary and Greece (32% vs 36-40% [1.5-1.6]) but lower in Spain and Romania in unadjusted analyses only (32% vs 24-26%), reporting seeing e-cigarette use in public at least some days was lower in all countries (81% vs 12-55% [0.1-0.4]; Spain-Greece). Conclusions: Smokers from England had the least pro-smoking norms. Smokers from Spain had the least pro-e-cigarette norms. Friend smoking and disagreeing that smokers are marginalised broadly aligned with country-level current smoking rates. Seeing e-cigarette use in public broadly aligned with country-level any e-cigarette use. Generally, no other norms aligned with product prevalence.
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EAST, Katherine, HITCHMAN, Sara, MCDERMOTT, Mairtin, MCNEILL, Ann, HERBEĆ, Aleksandra, TOUNTAS, Yannis, BÉCUWE, Nicolas, DEMJÉN, Tibor, FU BALBOA, Marcela, FERNÁNDEZ MUÑOZ, Esteve, MONS, Ute, TROFOR, Antigona, ZATOŃSKI, Witold, FONG, Geoffrey, VARDAVAS, Constantine i., EUREST-PLUS consortium. Social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes among adult smokers in seven European Countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. _Tobacco Induced Diseases_. 2019. Vol. 16, núm. 2. [consulta: 24 de gener de 2026]. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/175481]