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A new meta-analytic method for neuroimaging studies that combines reported peak coordinates and statistical parametric maps
(2012-11-01) Raduà Castaño, Joaquim; Mataix-Cols, D; Phillips, M L; El-Hage, W; Kronhaus, D M; Cardoner, N; Surguladze, S
Meta-analyses are essential to summarize the results of the growing number of neuroimaging studies in psychiatry, neurology and allied disciplines. Image-based meta-analyses use full image information (i.e. the statistical parametric maps) and well-established statistics, but images are rarely available making them highly unfeasible. Peak-probability meta-analyses such as activation likelihood estimation (ALE) or multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) are more feasible as they only need reported peak coordinates. Signed-differences methods, such as signed differential mapping (SDM) build upon the positive features of existing peak-probability methods and enable meta-analyses of studies comparing patients with controls. In this paper we present a new version of SDM, named Effect Size SDM (ES-SDM), which enables the combination of statistical parametric maps and peak coordinates and uses well-established statistics. We validated the new method by comparing the results of an ES-SDM meta-analysis of studies on the brain response to fearful faces with the results of a pooled analysis of the original individual data. The results showed that ES-SDM is a valid and reliable coordinate-based method, whose performance might be additionally increased by including statistical parametric maps. We anticipate that ES-SDM will be a helpful tool for researchers in the fields of psychiatry, neurology and allied disciplines. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Voxel-based meta-analysis of regional white-matter volume differences in autism spectrum disorder versus healthy controls
(2011-07-01) Raduà Castaño, Joaquim; Via, E; Catani, M; Mataix-Cols, D
Background. We conducted a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to clarify the changes in regional white-matter volume underpinning this condition, and generated an online database to facilitate replication and further analyses by other researchers. Method. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases were searched between 2002 (the date of the first white-matter VBM study in ASD) and 2010. Manual searches were also conducted. Authors were contacted to obtain additional data. Coordinates were extracted from clusters of significant white-matter difference between patients and controls. A new template for white matter was created for the signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analytic method. A diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived atlas was used to optimally localize the changes in white-matter volume. Results. Thirteen datasets comprising 246 patients with ASD and 237 healthy controls met inclusion criteria. No between-group differences were found in global white-matter volumes. ASD patients showed increases of white-matter volume in the right arcuate fasciculus and also in the left inferior fronto-occipital and uncinate fasciculi. These findings remained unchanged in quartile and jackknife sensitivity analyses and also in subgroup analyses (pediatric versus adult samples). Conclusions. Patients with ASD display increases of white-matter volume in tracts known to be important for language and social cognition. Whether the results apply to individuals with lower IQ or younger age and whether there are meaningful neurobiological differences between the subtypes of ASD remain to be investigated.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and immunological factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study.
(Elsevier B.V., 2021-10-13) Cortés, C.; Force, L.; Letang, Emilio; Vilaró, I.; Casabona, J.; Miró Meda, José M. (José María), 1956-; PISCIS study group.; Nomah, D.K.; Reyes-Urueña, J.; Díaz, Y.; Moreno, Silvia; Aceiton, J.; Bruguera, A.; Vivanco-Hidalgo, R.M.; Llibre, J.M.; Domingo, Pere (Domingo Pedrol); Falcó, V.; Imaz, Arkaitz
Background: Factors affecting outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV are unclear. We assessed the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe outcomes among people living with HIV. Methods: We did a retrospective cohort study using data from the PISCIS cohort of people with HIV in Catalonia (Spain) between March 1 and Dec 15, 2020. We linked PISCIS data with integrated health-care, clinical, and surveillance registries through the Public Data Analysis for Health Research and Innovation Program of Catalonia (PADRIS) to obtain data on SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, chronic comorbidities, as well as clinical and mortality outcomes. Participants were aged at least 16 years in care at 16 hospitals in Catalonia. Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses and severe outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox regression models. We estimated the effect of immunosuppression on severe outcomes (hospital admission for >24 h with dyspnoea, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia, asphyxia, or hyperventilation; or death) using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Findings: We linked 20 847 (72·8%) of 28 666 participants in the PISCIS cohort with PADRIS data; 13 142 people had HIV. 749 (5·7%) people with HIV were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2: their median age was 43·5 years (IQR 37·0-52·7), 131 (17·5%) were female, and 618 (82·5%) were male. 103 people with HIV (13·8%) were hospitalised, seven (0·9%) admitted to intensive care, and 13 (1·7%) died. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was more common among migrants (adjusted hazard ratio 1·55, 95% CI 1·31-1·83), men who have sex with men (1·42, 1·09-1·86), and those with four or more chronic comorbidities (1·46, 1·09-1·97). Age at least 75 years (5·2, 1·8-15·3), non-Spanish origin (2·1, 1·3-3·4), and neuropsychiatric (1·69, 1·07-2·69), autoimmune disease (1·92, 1·14-3·23), respiratory disease (1·84, 1·09-3·09), and metabolic disease (2·59, 1·59-4·23) chronic comorbidities were associated with increased risk of severe outcomes. A Kaplan-Meier estimator showed differences in the risk of severe outcomes according to CD4 cell count in patients with detectable HIV RNA (p=0·039) but no differences were observed in patients with undetectable HIV RNA (p=0·15). Interpretation: People living with HIV with detectable HIV viraemia, chronic comorbidities, and some subpopulations could be at increased risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19. These groups should be prioritised in clinical management and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programmes. Funding: Fundació "la Caixa". Translations: For the Catalan, Spanish and Russian translations of the Summary see Supplementary Materials section.
Care complexity factors and discharge destination in an emergency department: A retrospective cohort study
(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2025-01-18) Urbina, Andrea; Adamuz Tomas, Jordi; Juvé Udina, Eulàlia; Peñafiel, Judith; Munoa-Urruticoechea, Virginia; González Samartino, Maribel; Delgado-Hito, Pilar; Jacob, Javier; Romero García, Marta
Introduction: Emergency department discharge destination is an important topic in both clinical practice and management.This study aimed to analyze the association of Care Complexity Individual Factors (CCIFs) with discharge destinations in patients who visit the emergency department (ED). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with consecutive sampling, including all patients who visited the ED of a tertiary hospital during 2021-2022. Data were collected from electronic health records. The main study outcomes were discharge destinations (mortality, intensive care unit admission, hospitalization, left without being seen/discharge against medical advice, and home discharge) and 26 CCIFs. Independent multinomial logistic regression was used for assessing the association of each factor and the discharge destinations, adjusted for age, sex, and triage level. All analyses were performed with R, version 4.3.2. Results: A total of 35,383 patients were included. Of these, 60.8% were home discharged, 34.1% were hospitalized, 2.6% were transferred to the intensive care unit, 2.1% were left without being seen, and 0.4% died. The presence of CCIFs was a risk factor of ED mortality (odds ratio (OR): 13.49 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.99;36.46]), intensive care unit admission (OR:1.26 [95%CI:1.08;1.47]), and hospitalization (OR: 1.62 [95%CI:1.53;1.71]), whilst the presence of care complexity factors was a protective factor of discharge against medical advice (OR:0.64 [95%CI:0.55;0.74]). Conclusion: The discharge destinations from the ED showed strong associations with the patient’s complexity factors. Health professionals should consider these relationships for the design of early detection strategies and as an aid in decision-making, to ensure equity and quality of care.
Do implant-supported fixed partial prostheses improve masticatory performance in patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth?
(John Wiley & Sons, 2019-05-11) Khoury-Ribas, Laura; Ayuso Montero, Raúl; Willaert Jiménez-Pajarero, Eva; Peraire Ardèvol, Maria; Martínez Gomis, Jordi
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement in masticatory performance and satisfaction with chewing ability in partially edentulous patients after treatment with an implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis (ISFPP). Material and methods: This prospective study included 30 patients (mean age 59 years; 17 women) with unilateral posterior missing teeth treated with one-, two- or three-unit ISFPPs and 10 healthy individuals (mean age 36 years; 8 women) with complete natural dentition to establish the normal levels of mastication. Three variables were determined at baseline and at 3-months' follow-up in all participants: masticatory performance according to the median particle size (MPS) during freestyle mastication and unilateral mastication on each side, and satisfaction with chewing ability using a visual analog scale. Paired samples t test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for intra-group and inter-group comparisons. Results: The MPS following freestyle mastication decreased significantly at 3 months in both groups. Significant reductions of 21%, 30%, and 42% in the MPS were obtained from unilateral mastication on the treated side after treatment with 1, 2, or 3 restorative units, respectively. Three months after ISFPP, satisfaction with chewing ability improved by 40% in the treatment group. Conclusions: Freestyle masticatory performance may improve slightly within three months of treatment with an ISFPP and may be similar to that of subjects with complete natural dentition. Patients may obtain a 21%-38% improvement in unilateral mastication on the treated side and a 26%-54% improvement in satisfaction with chewing ability.
Changes in masticatory laterality three months after treatment with unilateral implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis
(John Wiley & Sons, 2020-01-01) Khoury-Ribas, Laura; Ayuso Montero, Raúl; Willaert Jiménez-Pajarero, Eva; Peraire Ardèvol, Maria; Martínez Gomis, Jordi
Objective: This study assessed changes in masticatory laterality in patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth three months after treatment with an implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis (ISFPP). Methods: Thirty patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth participated in this prospective study. They were treated with one-, two- or three-unit ISFPPs. The control group comprised 10 healthy individuals with complete natural dentition. Each participant performed masticatory assays at baseline and at 3-month follow-up, chewing pieces of silicon inside a latex bag. Masticatory laterality was determined using three different methods: assessment of the first chewing cycle, of all cycles, and application of a visual analogue scale. Data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis or the Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate. Results: Three months after treatment, a significant change in the asymmetry index towards the treated side and a significant reduction in the Unilateral Chewing Index were observed in the ISFPP group. No significant differences in masticatory laterality between groups were detected at three-month follow-up, regardless of the method assessed. Conclusion: Treatment with ISFPPs alters the masticatory laterality, moving it to the treated side and increasing the degree of bilateral chewing in patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth.
Trajectory analysis of hepatic stellate cell differentiation reveals metabolic regulation of cell commitment and fibrosis
(Nature Publishing Group, 2025-02-10) Martínez García de la Torre, Raquel A.; Vallverdú Ginès, Júlia; Xu, Zhenqing; Ariño, Silvia; Ferrer Lorente, Raquel; Zanatto, Laura; Mercado-Gómez, Maria; Aguilar-Bravo, Beatriz; Ruiz-Blázquez, Paloma; Fernandez-Fernandez, Maria; Navarro Gascón, Artur; Blasco Roset, Albert; Sànchez Fernàndez de Landa, Paula; Pera, Joan; Romero Moya, Damià; Ayuso Garcia, Paula; Martínez Sánchez, Celia; Sererols Viñas, Laura; Cantallops Vilà, Paula; Cárcamo Giráldez, Carmen I.; McQuillin, Andrew; Morgan, Marsha Y.; Moya Rull, Daniel; Montserrat, Núria; Eberlé, Delphine; Staels, Bart; Antoine, Bénédicte; Azkargorta, Mikel; Lozano, Juan-José; Martínez Chantar, Maria Luz; Giorgetti, Alessandra; Elortza, Felix; Planavila Porta, Ana; Varela Rey, Marta; Woodhoo, Ashwin; Zorzano Olarte, Antonio; Graupera, Isabel; Moles, Anna; Coll, Mar; Affò, Silvia; Sancho-Bru, Pau
Defining the trajectory of cells during differentiation and disease is key for uncovering the mechanisms driving cell fate and identity. However, trajectories of human cells remain largely unexplored due to the challenges of studying them with human samples. In this study, we investigate the proteome trajectory of iPSCs differentiation to hepatic stellate cells (diHSCs) and identify RORA as a key transcription factor governing the metabolic reprogramming of HSCs necessary for diHSCs' commitment, identity, and activation. Using RORA deficient iPSCs and pharmacologic interventions, we show that RORA is required for early differentiation and prevents diHSCs activation by reducing the high energetic state of the cells. While RORA knockout mice have enhanced fibrosis, RORA agonists rescue multi-organ fibrosis in in vivo models. Notably, RORA expression correlates negatively with liver fibrosis and HSCs activation markers in patients with liver disease. This study reveals that RORA regulates cell metabolic plasticity, important for mesoderm differentiation, pericyte quiescence, and fibrosis, influencing cell commitment and disease.
Pain, duration and safety of computer-assisted surgical exposure of palatally displaced canines: A case series
(Medicina Oral SL, 2025-10-14) Lara Muros, María; Rosa Gay, María Cristina de la; Vilarrasa, Javi; García Mira, Berta; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Camps Font, Octavi
Background: Surgical guides have recently been introduced in application to the open exposure of palatally displaced canines (PDCs). The present study assesses postoperative pain, fitting of the guide, surgery time and safety of the procedure. Material and methods: A prospective case-series was conducted from March 2023 to October 2024. Patients 12 to 20 years of age with at least one PDC requiring treatment with a combined orthodontic fixed appliances and surgical approach were included. Surgical templates were obtained after virtual planning. An intraoral scan was superimposed with cone-beam computed tomography to design the guide with a window according to the canine position. Flapless open exposure using the guide was performed, employing a scalpel and ostectomy with burs if needed. Surgery time (from the administration of local anesthesia to the start of the orthodontic attachment bonding or the placement of the protective pack), guide adjustment and intra-surgical complications were also reported. A questionnaire was given to the patient to record postoperative pain, analgesic consumption and any possible adverse event. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed.RESULTS: Ten patients (14 PDCs) were included. Computer-assisted PDC exposure lasted a median of 26 minutes (IQR = 18.00), and no complications were reported. All patients experienced mild post-operative pain (i.e., VAS < 40 mm). Pain intensity peaked between 2 and 24 hours post-surgery and gradually decreased over time. Surgical guides successfully fit in all cases. No fitting issues were noted that affected the accurate placement or functionality of the guide. Conclusions: Computer-guided exposure of PDCs is a feasible minimally invasive approach that reduces surgery time and postoperative pain. The use of an individualized guide is an easy tool for increasing the safety and efficacy of this procedure.
Knowledge about peri-implant diseases in fifth year dental students of the University of Barcelona (Spain): A cross-sectional study
(Medicina Oral SL, 2025-08-01) Terradellas-Luengo, Anna; García-García, Marta; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Sánchez Torres, Alba
Background: The replacement of missing teeth with implants is a frequent procedure in dental practice, and is usually associated with high implant survival rates. Peri-implant diseases are very common, however. It is therefore essential for clinicians to periodically examine and evaluate implant-supported restorations. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about peri-implant diseases and determine the possible associations with demographic variables in fifth year dental students of the University of Barcelona (Spain). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of the knowledge about peri-implant diseases was carried out using a survey administered to the fifth year dental students of the University of Barcelona. Descriptive and bivariate analyses using the Student t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were made. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Eighty-three students were included in the study. A mean of 8.7 points (correct answers) were recorded out of a total of 15 possible points. Good student knowledge was observed in relation to prevention and risk factors. No significant associations were observed between the number of correct answers and the different variables studied. Almost all the students (95.2%) underscored the need for further training in peri-implant diseases. Conclusions: Fifth year students have average level knowledge about peri-implant diseases, with good mastery of prevention and risk factors. There is a general perception that knowledge about prevention and risk factors and the treatment of peri-implant diseases is not enough. In addition, the students are aware of their shortcomings and recognize the need for further training in this field.
Impact on delay times and characteristics of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the southern metropolitan area of Barcelona after implementation of the infarction code program
(Elsevier España, 2012-10) Gómez Hospital, Joan Antoni; Cequier Fillat, Àngel R.; Dallaglio, Paolo D.; Sánchez Salado, Jose Carlos; Ariza Solé, Albert; Homs, Silvia; Lorente, Victòria; Ferreiro Gutiérrez, José Luis; Gómez Lara, Josep; Romaguera, Rafael; Salazar Mendiguchía, Joel; Teruel Gila, Luis Miguel
[eng] A standardized protocol of emergent transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction, defined as the Infarction Code, was implemented in June 2009 in the Catalan regional health system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the new protocol on delay times, number of procedures and clinical characteristics compared with the previous period in the population of patients referred to our hospital. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in our hospital were prospectively registered. The clinical characteristics, delay times and mortality in the follow-up of the protocol implementation period (June 2009-May 2010) were analyzed and compared with the previous year (June 2008-May 2009). Results During the protocol period, 514 patients were included, compared with 241 in the previous year. Age, cardiovascular risk factors, anterior myocardial infarction and procedure characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. The first medical contact to balloon time was lower in the protocol period (median time 120 min vs 88 min; P<.001). Patients in the protocol period showed a trend toward less severe disease (Killip III, rescue angioplasty). The multivariate regression analysis showed a significant association between 1-year mortality and age, Killip class≥III at admission, anterior infarction and 3-vessel disease. Conclusions The introduction of the Infarction Code program increased the number of patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention with a reduction in delay times and better clinical characteristics at presentation.
The CARBA-MAP study: national mapping of carbapenemases in Spain (2014–2018)
(Frontiers Media, 2023-09-08) Gracia Ahufinger, Irene; López-González, Laura; Vasallo, Francisco; Galar, Alicia; Siller, María; Pitart, Cristina; Bloise, Iván; Torrecillas, Miriam; Gijón Cordero, Desirée; Viñado Pérez, Belen; Castillo-García, Javier; Campo, Rainer; Mulet, Xavier; Madueño-Alonso, Ana; Chamizo-López, Francisco Javier; Arrastia-Erviti, Matiane; Galán-Sánchez, Fátima; Fernández-Quejo, Melisa; Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan Carlos; Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre, María Nieves; Rodríguez-Maresca, Manuel Angel; Ortega-Lafont, María del Pilar; Yagüe Guirao, Genoveva; Chaves-Blanco, Lucía; Colomina-Rodríguez, Javier; Vidal-Acuña, María Reyes; Portillo, María Eugenia; Franco-Álvarez de Luna, Francisco; Centelles-Serrano, María José; Azcona-Gutiérrez, José Manuel; Delgado-Iribarren García Campero, Alberto; Rey-Cao, Sonia; Muñoz, Patricia; Calvo Montes, Jorge; Zboromyrska, Yuliya; Grandioso, David; Cámara, Jordi; Cantón, Rafael; Larrosa-Escartín, Nieves; Díaz Regañón, Jazmín; Martínez-Martínez, Luis
Introduction: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including isolates producing acquired carbapenemases, constitute a prevalent health problem worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the different carbapenemases among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE, specifically Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Klebsiella aerogenes) and carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) in Spain from January 2014 to December 2018. Methods: A national, retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. The study included the first isolate per patient and year obtained from clinical samples and obtained for diagnosis of infection in hospitalized patients. A structured questionnaire was completed by the participating centers using the REDCap platform, and results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0. Results: A total of 2,704 carbapenemase-producing microorganisms were included, for which the type of carbapenemase was determined in 2692 cases: 2280 CPE (84.7%) and 412 CPPA (15.3%), most often using molecular methods and immunochromatographic assays. Globally, the most frequent types of carbapenemase in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were OXA-48-like, alone or in combination with other enzymes (1,523 cases, 66.8%) and VIM (365 cases, 88.6%), respectively. Among Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was reported in 1821 cases (79.9%), followed by E. cloacae complex in 334 cases (14.6%). In Enterobacterales, KPC is mainly present in the South and South-East regions of Spain and OXA-48-like in the rest of the country. Regarding P. aeruginosa, VIM is widely distributed all over the country. Globally, an increasing percentage of OXA-48-like enzymes was observed from 2014 to 2017. KPC enzymes were more frequent in 2017-2018 compared to 2014-2016. Discussion: Data from this study help to understand the situation and evolution of the main species of CPE and CPPA in Spain, with practical implications for control and optimal treatment of infections caused by these multi-drug resistant organisms.
Association of adiposity and its changes over time with COVID-19 risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal evaluation in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort
(BioMed Central, 2023-10-13) Matía-Martín, Pilar; Shyam, Sangeetha; García Gavilán, Jesús; Paz-Graniel, Indira; Gaforio, José J.; Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, 1957-; Corella Piquer, Dolores; Martínez Hernández, José Alfredo; Alonso Gómez, Ángel M.; Wärnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesús; Romaguera, Dora; López-Miranda, José; Estruch Riba, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco José; Lapetra, José; Serra-Majem, J. Luis; Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora; Tur, Josep Antoni; Martín-Sánchez, V.; Pintó Sala, Xavier; Vidal i Cortada, Josep; Vázquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros Rahola, Emilio; Fernández Aranda, Fernando; Nishi, Stephanie K; Garcia-Regata, Oscar; Toledo, Estefanía; Asensio, Eva M; Castañer Niño, Olga; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Torres-Collado, Laura; Gómez Gracia, Enrique; Zulet, M. Angeles; Goñi Ruiz, Nuria; Casas Rodríguez, Rosa M.; Cano Ibáñez, Naomi; Tojal-Sierra, Lucas; Gómez-Perez, AM; Sorlí, José V; Cinza-Sanjurjo, Sergio; Martín-Peláez, Sandra; Peña-Orihuela, Patricia J; Oncina-Canovas, Alejandro; Perez-Araluce, Rafael; Zomeño, Maria Dolores; Chaplin, Alice; Delgado Rodriguez, Miguel; Babio, Nancy; Fitó Colomer, Montserrat; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
Background: Cross-sectionally, older age and obesity are associated with increased coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) risk. We assessed the longitudinal associations of baseline and changes in adiposity parameters with COVID-19 incidence in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: This analysis included 6874 men and women (aged 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus lifestyle intervention trial for cardiovascular risk reduction. Body weight, body-mass-index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and a body shape index (ABSI) were measured at baseline and annual follow-up visits. COVID-19 was ascertained by an independent Event Committee until 31 December 2021. Cox regression models were fitted to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 incidence based on baseline adiposity parameters measured 5-6 years before the pandemic and their changes at the visit prior to censoring. Results: At the time of censoring, 653 incident COVID-19 cases occurred. Higher baseline body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR were associated with increased COVID-19 risk. During the follow-up, every unit increase in body weight (HRadj (95%CI): 1.01 (1.00, 1.03)) and BMI (HRadj: 1.04 (1.003, 1.08)) was associated with increased COVID-19 risk. Conclusions: In older adults with overweight/obesity, clinically significant weight loss may protect against COVID-19.
The use of lymphocyte-depleting antibodies in specific populations of kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier, 2023-09-27) Montero Pérez, Núria; Rodrigo, Emilio; Crespo Barrio, Marta; Cruzado, Josep Ma.; Gutierrez Dalmau, Alex; Mazuecos Blanca, María Auxiliadora; Sancho Calabuig, Maria Asuncion; Belmar Vega, Lara; Calatayud Aristoy, Emma; Mora Lopez, Paula; Oliveras Pagès, Laia; Solà, Eulàlia; Villanego, Florentino; Pascual, Julio (Pascual Santos)
Background: Recommendations of the use of antibody induction treatments in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are based on moderate quality and historical studies. This systematic review aims to reevaluate, based on actual studies, the effects of different antibody preparations when used in specific KTR subgroups. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and CENTRAL and selected randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies looking at different antibody preparations used as induction in KTR. Comparisons were categorized into different KTR subgroups: standard, high risk of rejection, high risk of delayed graft function (DGF), living donor, and elderly KTR. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias. Results: Thirty-seven RCT and 99 observational studies were finally included. Compared to anti-interleukin-2-receptor antibodies (IL2RA), anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) reduced the risk of acute rejection at two years in standard KTR (RR 0.74, 95%CI 0.61-0.89) and high risk of rejection KTR (RR 0.55, 95%CI 0.43-0.72), but without decreasing the risk of graft loss. We did not find significant differences comparing ATG vs. alemtuzumab or different ATG dosages in any KTR group. Conclusions: Despite many studies carried out on induction treatment in KTR, their heterogeneity and short follow-up preclude definitive conclusions to determine the optimal induction therapy. Compared with IL2RA, ATG reduced rejection in standard-risk, highly sensitized, and living donor graft recipients, but not in high DGF risk or elderly recipients. More studies are needed to demonstrate beneficial effects in other KTR subgroups and overall patient and graft survival.
Variability vs. phenotype: Multimodal analysis of Dravet syndrome brain organoids powered by deep learning
(Elsevier, 2025-11-21) Lao, Oscar; Acosta, Sandra; Turpin, Isabel; Modrego, Adriana; Martí Sarrias, Andrea; Ortega Gascó, Alba; Haeb, Anna-Christina; García González, Laura; Soriano i Fradera, Jordi; Ruiz, Núria; Peñuelas Haro, Irene; Espinet, Elisa; Tornero, Daniel
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) driven by pathogenic variants in the SCN1A gene. Brain organoids (BOs) have emerged as reliable models for neurodevelopmental genetic disorders, reproducing human brain developmental milestones and rising as a promising drug testing tool. Here, we determined the underlying molecular DS pathophysiology affecting neuronal connectivity, revealing an early onset excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in maturing DS organoid circuitry. However, neuronal circuitry modeling in BOs remains hampered by the notorious inter- and intra-organoid variability. Thus, leveraging deep learning (DL), we developed ImPheNet, a predictive tool grounded in BO live imaging datasets, to overcome the limitations of the intrinsic BOs variability. ImPheNet accurately classified healthy and DS phenotypes at early onset stages, revealing differences between genotypes and upon antiseizure drug exposure. Altogether, our DL-predictive live imaging strategy, ImPheNet, emerges as a powerful tool to accelerate DEEs research and advance toward treatment discovery in a time- and cost-efficient manner.
Participant selection for lung cancer screening using primary care electronic medical records: The Catalan scenario
(Elsevier España, 2025-11-18) Marzo Castillejo, Mercè; Mascort Roca, Juanjo; Brau Tarrida, Albert; Carrasco Ribelles, Lucía A.; Monteagudo Zaragoza, Mònica; Guiriguet Capdevila, Carolina; Espinàs Piñol, Josep Alfons; Cabrera Godoy, Olivia; Borràs Andrés, Josep Maria
Objective: To assess the feasibility of using primary care electronic health records (EHRs) and the PLCOm2012noRace lung cancer (LC) risk prediction model to identify high-risk individuals in the Catalan population. Design: Population-based cohort study. SITE: Catalonia, using data from the Information System for the Improvement of Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP), which covers approximately 80% of the population. Participants: A total of 1,998,282 individuals aged 55-79 years were initially considered, with data spanning from 2012 to 2023. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria based on smoking status, 24,294 individuals with complete smoking history were included. Interventions: Estimation of LC risk using the PLCOm2012noRace model. Main measurements: Variables: age, smoking history, body mass index, educational level, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, personal history of cancer, and family history of LC. A 6-year risk threshold of ≥2.6% was used to define eligibility for LC screening. Results: Overall, 18.6% of individuals exceeded the risk threshold, with higher prevalence in men (21.4%) and those aged 60-79 years (23.8%). Current smokers had the highest risk (25.7%), which decreased with time since quitting. On average, high-risk individuals could have been identified 4.29 years before. Conclusions: The use of EHRs and the PLCOm2012noRace model is a feasible approach to identify individuals at high risk of LC in the Catalan population. However, missing or outdated data, especially regarding smoking intensity, may limit the predictive performance. These findings highlight the need for systematic and timely data collection to support effective risk-based screening strategies.
Thrombospondin-1 regulates synaptic transmission in hippocampal field CA2 and social behavior in mice
(Elsevier, 2025-11-19) Leana-Sandoval, Gerardo; Madrid, Alexis; Extrémet, Johanna; Aso Pérez, Ester; Díaz-Alonso, Javier
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein, which mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. In humans, mutations in THBS1, which encodes TSP1, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. TSP1 is secreted by astrocytes, and has been shown to promote synaptogenesis in vitro, but knowledge about its function in vivo is limited. In this study, we assessed TSP1's modulation of synaptic function and cognitive and emotional processes using TSP1 knockout mice. Deletion of TSP1 led to decreased perineuronal net density and strengthened synaptic transmission in hippocampal field CA2, but not CA1. Accordingly, TSP1 KO mice showed severely disrupted social interaction, as well as emotional alterations, but normal spatial memory. Collectively, our findings identify TSP1 as a crucial modulator of synaptic function in CA2 and social and emotional processes. Furthermore, our work delineates a mechanism linking altered TSP1 signaling with psychiatric conditions with altered social and emotional function.
Infective dermatitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1, an underdiagnosed disease
(Elsevier BV, 2024-04-30) Bittencourt, A.l.; Farre, L.
Infective dermatitis associated with human T -cell lymphotropic virus type -1 (HTLV-1) (IDH) is a severe form of chronically infected eczema occurring in early childhood, although very rarely cases have been reported in adults. Most of the cases are from Jamaica and Brazil and occur in individuals with low socioeconomic status. IDH is always associated with refractory Staphylococcus aureus or beta -hemolytic Streptococcus infection of the skin and nasal vestibules. Patients with IDH may develop other even more severe HTLV-1-associated diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) of early or late appearance and adult T -cell leukemia/lymphoma. In the context of the Brazilian experience, it has been observed that 54% of IDH patients exhibit the juvenile form of HAM/TSP while the estimated incidence of adult HAM/TSP is 3%. As there are no curative treatments for HTLV-1 infection (or vaccines) or most of its associated diseases, prevention of infection is fundamental, mainly by vertical transmission, as it is responsible for the development of IDH, infantojuvenile HAM/TSP, and ATL. Public measures to reduce this transmission must be implemented urgently. Furthermore, it is recommended, mainly in HTLV-1 endemic areas, to search for HTLV-1 infection in all patients with infected eczema, even in adults.
Moroccan and Pakistani women’s knowledge and perceptions on cervical cancer screening and HPV self-sampling acceptability in Catalonia, Spain: a mixed-methods study
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-11-20) Lurgain, Jone G.; Peremiquel Trillas, Paula; Ouaarab-Essadek, Hakima; Mellouki, Khadija; Malik-Hameed, Sumaira ; Sarif, Andleed; Rangel Sarmiento, Valentina ; Bruni, Laia; Harling, Guy; Gilham, Clare
BackgroundDisparities in cervical cancer (CC) screening participation persist, with lower rates among immigrant women from low-resource countries compared to native European women. Evidence-based strategies to reach under-screened women are thus needed, such as adopting self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Studies have demonstrated that women are receptive to HPV self-sampling. However, results may not be generalizable to all ethnic groups and settings. This is the first study in Spain assessing HPV self-sampling acceptability among immigrant populations. A mixed-methods study was used to explore knowledge and perceptions of CC screening and attitudes towards HPV self-sampling among Moroccan and Pakistani women in Catalonia.MethodsEight focus group discussions and twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted. After a short demonstration of two self-sampling devices, women were invited to try them at home and complete an acceptability survey for each device, including questions assessing screening preferences, perceived self-efficacy, trust in the test results and willingness to use the self-collection method again.ResultsImportant barriers, such as lack of information about CC screening, and misconceptions about HPV risk were identified. Overall, Moroccan and Pakistani women expressed a preference for clinician-based screening over self-sampling. Over half of the participants (56%) accepted to try at least one self-sampling device. However, concerns about collecting the sample correctly and distrust in the test result were raised.ConclusionIncreasing awareness and empowering Moroccan and Pakistani women with culturally appropriate information about the benefits of CC screening is the first step to successfully implement HPV self-sampling. Concerns regarding self-efficacy need also to be addressed before implementing new organised screening programmes using HPV self-sampling in Catalonia, Spain. A peer-based approach using culturally appropriate materials is proposed to best inform, educate, foster confidence, and advocate for the uptake of HPV self-sampling among these two groups of women.
Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-06-10) Cano Ibáñez, Naomi; Álvarez-Álvarez, Laura; Rubín García, María; Vitelli Storelli, Facundo; García, Sílvia; Bouzas, Cristina; Martínez González, Miguel Ángel, 1957-; Corella Piquer, Dolores; Salas Salvadó, Jordi; Malcampo, Mireia; Martínez, J. Alfredo; Alonso Gómez, Ángel M.; Wärnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesús; Romaguera, Dora; López Miranda, José; Estruch Riba, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J.; Lapetra, José; Serra Majem, Lluís; Bueno Cavanillas, Aurora; García Fernández, Camino; Pintó Sala, Xavier; Delgado Rodríguez, Miguel; Matía Martín, Pilar; Vidal i Cortada, Josep; Vázquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros Rahola, Emilio; Garcia-Arellano, Ana; Martínez Rodríguez, María Ángeles; Sorlí, José V.; Zomeño Fajardo, María Dolores; García Rios, Antonio; González Palacios, Sandra; Monserrat Mesquida, Margalida; Abete, Itziar; Colom Fernández, Antoni; Casas Rodríguez, Rosa M.; Ugarriza, Lucía; Bernal López, M. Rosa; Bes Rastrollo, Maira; Paz Graniel, Indira; Asensio, Eva M.; Fitó Colomer, Montserrat; Arenas Larriva, Antonio P.; Oncina Cánovas, Alejandro; Vázquez Ruiz, Zenaida; Fernández de la Puente, María; Pérez Vega, Karla Alejandra; Tur Marí, Josep A. (Josep Antoni); Martín Sánchez, Vicente
Objective: To estimate the environmental impact of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) after one year of follow-up. Methods: Baseline and 1-year follow-up data were used for 5800 participants aged 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food intake was estimated through a validated semiquantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was estimated through the Diet Score. Using the EAT-Lancet Commission tables we assessed the influence of dietary intake on environmental impact (through five indicators: greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication). Using multivariable linear regression models, the association between the intervention and changes in each of the environmental factors was assessed. Mediation analyses were carried out to estimate to what extent changes in each of 2 components of the intervention, namely adherence to the MedDiet and caloric reduction, were responsible for the observed reductions in environmental impact. Results: We observed a significant reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group in acidification levels (-13.3 vs. -9.9 g SO2-eq), eutrophication (-5.4 vs. -4.0 g PO4-eq) and land use (-2.7 vs. -1.8 m2). Adherence to the MedDiet partially mediated the association between intervention and reduction of acidification by 15 %, eutrophication by 10 % and land use by 10 %. Caloric reduction partially mediated the association with the same factors by 55 %, 51 % and 38 % respectively. In addition, adherence to the MedDiet fully mediated the association between intervention and reduction in GHG emissions by 56 % and energy use by 53 %. Conclusions: A nutritional intervention based on consumption of an energy-reduced MedDiet for one year was associated with an improvement in different environmental quality parameters.
Intron retention as a productive mechanism in human MAPT: RNA species generated by retention of intron 3
(Elsevier, 2024-01-04) Ruiz-Gabarre, Daniel; Vallés Saiz, Laura; Carnero-Espejo, Almudena; Ferrer, Isidro (Ferrer Abizanda); Hernández, Félix; Ávila, Jesús; García-Escudero, Vega; Garcia-Escudero, Ramon
Background: Tau is a microtubule-binding protein encoded by the MAPT gene. Tau is essential for several physiological functions and associated with pathological processes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Six tau isoforms are typically described in the central nervous system, but current research paints a more diverse landscape and a more nuanced balance between isoforms. Recent work has described tau isoforms generated by intron 11 and intron 12 retention. This work adds to that evidence, proving the existence of MAPT transcripts retaining intron 3. Our aim is to demonstrate the existence of mature MAPT RNA species that retain intron 3 in human brain samples and to study its correlation with Alzheimer's disease across different regions. Methods: Initial evidence of intron-3-retaining MAPT species come from in silico analysis of RNA-seq databases. We further demonstrate the existence of these mature RNA species in a human neuroepithelioma cell line and human brain samples by quantitative PCR. We also use digital droplet PCR to demonstrate the existence of RNA species that retain either intron 3, intron 12 or both introns. Findings: Intron-3-retaining species are even more prominently present that intron-12-retaining ones. We show the presence of MAPT transcripts that retain both introns 3 and 12. These intron-retaining species are diminished in brain samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease with respect to individuals without dementia. Conversely, relative abundance of intron-3- or intron-12-retaining MAPT species with respect to double-retaining species as well as their percentage of expression with respect to total MAPT are increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease, especially in hippocampal samples. Among these TIR-MAPT species, TIR3+12 double truncation allows better classification potential of Alzheimer's disease samples. Moreover, we find a significant increase in intron-3- or intron-12-retaining species and its relative abundance with respect to double-retaining MAPT species in cerebellum in contrast to frontal lateral cortex and hippocampus in individuals with no signs of dementia. Interpretation: Intron retention constitutes a potential mechanism to generate Tau isoforms whose mature RNA expression levels correlate with Alzheimer's pathology showing its potential as a biomarker associated to the disease.

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