Long-term dynamics shaping industrial path development: The metalworking sector in Asturias (Spain), 1939-2018

Abstract

[eng] This thesis examines the evolution of the metalworking sector in Asturias between 1939 and 2018, as well as the main determinants that have influenced its trajectory. The first chapter studies the genesis of the sector's clustering process and the role that Francoist industrial policy played in it. The second chapter analyzes the impact of industrial restructuring and how sectoral clustering was crucial for the sector to become a regional leader from 1995 onwards, following the decline of the hegemonic industries. The third chapter discusses the history of the Daniel Alonso Group as a reference company for the sector, through a development process in three phases that aligns with the overall industry trajectory. Finally, the fourth chapter provides a comparison with the Italian region of Umbria from 1950, focusing particularly on how the existence of the public steel companies Ensidesa and Terni influenced the industrial trajectory of both territories. The results obtained show that the creation of Ensidesa favored the hierarchical clustering of the metalworking sector in the 1950s. The generation of positive externalities facilitated the emergence of endogenous growth dynamics, which allowed it to survive the fall of traditional sectors during industrial restructuring. From 1995 onwards, the metalworking industry became the regional benchmark, driven by a group of emerging companies specialized in high-value-added activities and with a clear international profile.