Recent advances in precision nutrition and cardiometabolic diseases

Abstract

A growing body of research on nutrition omics has led to recent advances in cardiovascular disease epidemiology and prevention. Within the PREDIMED trial, significant associations between diet-related metabolites and cardiovascular disease were identified, which were subsequently replicated in independent cohorts. Some notable metabolites identified include plasma levels of ceramides, acyl-carnitines, branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan, urea cycle pathways, and the lipidome. These metabolites and their related pathways have been associated with incidence of both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Future directions in precision nutrition research include: <em>a)</em> developing more robust multimetabolomic scores to predict long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality; <em>b)</em> incorporating more diverse populations and a broader range of dietary patterns; and <em>c)</em> conducting more translational research to bridge the gap between precision nutrition studies and clinical applications.