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Orofacial injuries and mouthguard use among water polo and field hockey players in Catalonia
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[eng] Dental trauma has been reported as one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, affecting approximately a billion people. The impact on the individual is not only physical but also psychosocial. Sports-related accidents are the cause of one-third of all dental injuries in children and adults. It has been suggested that males are more likely to suffer TDI than females, however, these association has not been well documented. Contact sports are associated with a particularly higher risk of orofacial injury due to the intense competition, close proximity and physical interaction. Water polo and field hockey are two contact sports enjoying high popularity and participation in Catalonia, in which orofacial injuries are common and mouthguards are not mandatory. Mouthguards are devices that cover the teeth and gums and aim to reduce the risk of orofacial injuries. Mouthguards are classified into prefabricated, mouth-formed, and custom- made. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the incidence and prevalence of orofacial injuries in Catalan water polo and field hockey players respectively, to explore the factors associated with these incidence and prevalence, such as age, gender, and brace wearing. Finally, the frequency of mouthguard use, the type of mouthguard used and the degree of interference with oral functions were also assessed (chapter 2 and 3).
In Chapter 1, a general introduction is presented in which the objectives and hypotheses are described.
Chapter 2 describes the incidence of orofacial injury and the use of mouthguards in male and female water polo players from high-level clubs in Catalonia. More specifically, the study explores factors associated with the incidence of orofacial injury, such as age and gender. The study also describes the frequency of mouthguard use, the type of mouthguard used, and the degree of interference of mouthguard use with oral function as reported by athletes. Results show that more than a half of water polo players reported at least one orofacial injury during the 2015- 2016 season. Lacerations to the lip and tongue were the most frequent injuries reported and these increased with age. The percentage of episodes of TMD pain or the number of dental injuries did not vary between the age groups. Among orofacial injuries, only dental injuries were associated with gender with males suffering more than females. Brace wearing was not associated with the number of any type of orofacial injury. Among the 35 players who had ever tried a mouthguard, only 4 used a mouthguard habitually during training and 3 also used it during competition. Twenty-six players had tried the mouth-formed mouthguard, 11 the custom- made type and 7 the prefabricated mouthguard. Custom-made mouthguards were rated as the most comfortable ones.
Chapter 3 outlines the prevalence of orofacial injury among male and female field hockey players in Catalonia. Additionally, it describes the factors associated with an increased prevalence, such as age, gender, and brace wearing. The study also investigated aspects related to wearing a mouthguard, specifically the frequency of use, type, and adverse effects. The study showed that half of the players reported at least one orofacial injury during their sporting lives and that the most frequent type were oral lacerations. However, athletes also reported episodes of TMD pain and dental injuries. In total, 310 players had tried a mouthguard, and of these 269 and 283 still used a mouthguard habitually du- ring training and competition, respectively. The mouth-adapted and the custom-made mouthguards were the most tried by the athletes. Custom-made mouthguards were rated as the most comfortable ones.
Chapter 4 concludes by offering a general discussion with recommendations for future research, finishing by outlining the more general conclusions.
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ZAMORA OLAVE, Carla. Orofacial injuries and mouthguard use among water polo and field hockey players in Catalonia. [consulta: 30 de novembre de 2025]. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/192802]