Polymeric Nanoparticles and Chitosan Gel Loading Ketorolac Tromethamine to Alleviate Pain Associated with Condyloma Acuminata during the Pre- and Post-Ablation

Abstract

This study describes the preparation and evaluation of two formulations, a hydrogel and a nanostructured system, containing ketorolac tromethamine as an anti-inflammatory agent for the local therapy against the inflammatory process derived from the surgical excision of Condyloma acuminata. Both formulations were physicochemically characterized. In vitro release profiles show that the nanoparticles release 92% ± 2.3 of the total ketorolac tromethamine encapsulated, while the chitosan gel releases 18.6% ± 0.2. The ex vivo permeation and distribution through human skin were also assayed and was observed how the main amount of ketorolac tromethamine is retained in the epidermis. In vivo studies were accomplished to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice which also involved the histological analysis to confirm the in vivo results. The nanoparticles present a significantly higher anti-inflammatory efficacy than chitosan gel. The tolerability of developed formulations was assessed by monitoring the biomechanical properties of the skin before and after application of both formulations. No statistical differences in trans-epidermal water loss and skin hydration with respect to the basal values were observed and the formulations exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activity compared to a reference ketotorlac tromethamine solution. Therefore, it can be concluded that both formulations can be proposed as outstanding candidates for offering a local anti-inflammatory therapeutical tool with potential clinical applica