Determination of Pd(II) using an antimony film coated on a screen-printed electrode by adsorptive stripping voltammetry

Abstract

The use of an antimony film coated on a screen-printed carbon electrode (ex-situ SbSPCE) is proposed for the determination of Pd(II) at ppb levels in natural samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry using dimethylglyoxime as chelating agent. Ex-situ SbSPCE produces a better analytical performance as compared to a commercially sputtered bismuth screen-printed electrode (BispSPE). The detection and quantification limits were 2.7 and 9.0 µg L-1 respectively with a good linear behaviour in the wide examined concentration range (from 1 µg L-1 up to 100.0 µg L1, R2= 0.998). The proposed ex-situ SbSPCE showed an excellent repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 0.5 % for ten successive measurements and a very good reproducibility (1.6 % for three different ex-situ SbSPCE units within series of ten repetitive assays). Moreover, the ex-situ SbSPCE was successfully applied for the determination of low concentration levels of Pd(II) in spiked tap water with a very high reproducibility (0.2 %) and providing equivalent results to those achieved by ICP-MS measurements