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Si us plau utilitzeu sempre aquest identificador per citar o enllaçar aquest document: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/96701
La reparación del daño por violación de derechos fundamentales en el contrato de trabajo
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[spa] La vulneración de los derechos fundamentales del trabajador ha encontrado respuesta, tradicionalmente, en los mecanismos de protección que ofrecen una tutela inhibitoria de los mismos a sus titulares, traducidas en la declaración de nulidad o ineficacia de las actuaciones que originan la lesión o, en órdenes impartidas por el juez para que quien actúa se abstenga de hacerlo o ejecute la acción omitida que se traduce en la lesión. Solo desde épocas más o menos recientes los derechos fundamentales han encontrado espacio en el derecho de daños facultando a sus titulares a reclamar la indemnización de los perjuicios ocasionados con la lesión, generalmente agotada en el daño moral. Sin embargo, la revigorización del concepto de reparación integral al interior del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y el reconocimiento de la persona de la víctima como eje central de la reparación, han hecho replantear la suficiencia de la indemnización como instrumento de reparación integral ante las violaciones de derechos humanos. En este contexto, la reparación del daño tiene por objeto el restablecimiento del statu quo ante, es decir, dejar a la víctima en la situación más cercana posible a como se encontraba antes de la violación del derecho. Para ello se incorporan al concepto de reparación integral una serie de medidas de carácter no pecuniario, cuya finalidad principal es la restitución del derecho y el reconocimiento y restablecimiento de la dignidad de la persona, por esta razón algunas de ellas constituyen actos simbólicos de reparación. El propósito de esta investigación es determinar la aplicación del concepto de reparación integral descrito a la violación de los derechos fundamentales del trabajador que tiene lugar en la ejecución de un contrato de trabajo. Para el cumplimiento de este objetivo se analizaron los fundamentos normativos y constitucionales de estas medidas, así como su uso en la práctica de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y el Consejo de Estado colombiano. También se estudió el marco legal regulador de la protección de los derechos fundamentales en el ordenamiento español y las disposiciones sobre reparación del daño en él contenidas, así como su utilización por algunos Tribunales Superiores de Justicia. Como resultado se encontró que el respeto de la dignidad humana del trabajador y la obligación de garantizar la efectividad de los derechos fundamentales que deriva del valor normativo de la Constitución, tornan viables la aplicación de las medidas de reparación no pecuniarias a las lesiones de los derechos fundamentales que ocurren en la ejecución del contrato de trabajo.
[eng] A traditional answer to workers' fundamental rights violation has been found in the protection mechanisms that offer an inhibitory tutelage of the same fundamental rights to its owners, as a result this turns in a declaration of invalidity or inefficiency from the actions that caused the injury or, through the orders imparted by a judge for whom who acts abstains of doing or execute the omitted action that is translated from the injury. Only in recent times, fundamental rights have found a place in the tort law empowering its owners to claim compensation for the damage caused by the injury which is generally exhausted through all the moral damage. However, the reinvigoration of the concept of integral reparation in the interior of the International Human Rights Law and the recognition of the person of the victim as a central axis of the reparation, has allowed reconsidering the sufficient compensation as an instrument of integral reparation in the face of the human rights infringement. In this context, to repair the damage caused has for objective to bring back the status quo, i.e. to put the victim in the same position or as near as possible as how it was before the infringement of its rights was committed. Therefore, the definition of integral reparation includes non-pecuniary measures. These measures have as their main purpose to restore and recognize the person's dignity and hence they sometimes only constitute symbolic acts of reparation. The main purpose of this research is to determine how to apply the concept of integral reparation described by the employee's fundamental rights at the time of the execution of an employment contract. To fulfil this goal, regulatory and constitutional basis of these measures and their use in practice by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Consejo de Estado of Colombia were analysed. The legal regulatory framework for the protection of fundamental rights under Spanish legislation and other rules regarding damage, contained therein, as well as their use by some higher courts were also studied. As a result it was found that respect for the human dignity of workers and the obligation to ensure the effectiveness of the fundamental rights deriving from the legal value of the Constitution, makes viable the implementation of remedial non-pecuniary measures in order to repair the infringement of fundamental rights when executing an employment contract.
[eng] A traditional answer to workers' fundamental rights violation has been found in the protection mechanisms that offer an inhibitory tutelage of the same fundamental rights to its owners, as a result this turns in a declaration of invalidity or inefficiency from the actions that caused the injury or, through the orders imparted by a judge for whom who acts abstains of doing or execute the omitted action that is translated from the injury. Only in recent times, fundamental rights have found a place in the tort law empowering its owners to claim compensation for the damage caused by the injury which is generally exhausted through all the moral damage. However, the reinvigoration of the concept of integral reparation in the interior of the International Human Rights Law and the recognition of the person of the victim as a central axis of the reparation, has allowed reconsidering the sufficient compensation as an instrument of integral reparation in the face of the human rights infringement. In this context, to repair the damage caused has for objective to bring back the status quo, i.e. to put the victim in the same position or as near as possible as how it was before the infringement of its rights was committed. Therefore, the definition of integral reparation includes non-pecuniary measures. These measures have as their main purpose to restore and recognize the person's dignity and hence they sometimes only constitute symbolic acts of reparation. The main purpose of this research is to determine how to apply the concept of integral reparation described by the employee's fundamental rights at the time of the execution of an employment contract. To fulfil this goal, regulatory and constitutional basis of these measures and their use in practice by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Consejo de Estado of Colombia were analysed. The legal regulatory framework for the protection of fundamental rights under Spanish legislation and other rules regarding damage, contained therein, as well as their use by some higher courts were also studied. As a result it was found that respect for the human dignity of workers and the obligation to ensure the effectiveness of the fundamental rights deriving from the legal value of the Constitution, makes viable the implementation of remedial non-pecuniary measures in order to repair the infringement of fundamental rights when executing an employment contract.
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BENÍTEZ PINEDO, Jorge mario. La reparación del daño por violación de derechos fundamentales en el contrato de trabajo. [consulta: 1 de gener de 2026]. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/96701]