Untargeted metabolomics of gut-derived metabolites from in vitro colonic fermentation of garambullo (Myrtillocactus geometrizans)

Abstract

Garambullo is a polyphenols and fiber-rich fruit, but its performance during in vitro fermentation and potential derived health benefits have yet to be explored. This study aimed to perform untargeted metabolomics with enrichment analysis of metabolites derived from the in vitro colonic fermentation of Garambullo. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were identified and quantified due to their biological relevance. The fermented extract (0, 6, and 24 h-fermentation) was analyzed through untargeted metabolomics. A total of 50 metabolites, such as benzene, indoles, phenols, and fatty acids were identified. Butyric acid, one of the produced SCFAs, was increased (p < 0.05) after 24 h. Metabolomic enrichment analysis from colonic metabolites indicated the potential modulation of several conditions. These results suggested that garambullo colonic metabolism generates bioactive molecules that might beneficially impact intestinal and systemic health. Although results from enrichment analysis should be interpreted cautiously, they warrant further research on garambullo's health benefits.