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Analysis of the process of acquisition of skills and competencies in Spain
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[eng] This thesis has provide a thorough analysis of the factors that influence the decision process of educational acquisition an an individual's permanence in the school system, first from the perspective of factors closely related to the students' environment; and second, by analysing the effect of economic conditions and the labour market on the schooling decisions of individuals. This thesis also have examined how these competencies and skills are remunerated differently in the labour market, according to the quality of the match between the required occupational characteristics for the job and the occupational endowments of the individuals, and their gender.
This thesis comprises four chapters, in addition to this introduction, representative of three separate studies, and the conclusions. The first study (Chapter 2) is entitled “The evolution of school failure risk during the 2000 decade in Spain". It seeks to provide an overview of the evolution of the factors that have had a significant influence on the risk of school failure by focusing on personal, household and school characteristics. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to the 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009 PISA databases. The findings show that, when considering students' reading skills, males are twice as likely as females to drop out of school, and that immigrant students are at a higher risk of dropping out than native students are. Household characteristics have a strong positive influence and so reduce the risk of school failure, while school-related variables have only a negligible effect on school failure.
The second study (Chapter 3), “Labour markets, academic performance and school dropout risk: Evidence for Spain" provides a better understanding of the links between labour market conditions and academic performance by disentangling the effects of unemployment. The contribution of this study is, therefore, threefold: first, it provides new evidence on the link between labour market conditions and educational decisions; second, it quantifies separately the two effects of unemployment on academic performance at age 15; third, it analyses the heterogeneous impacts of the “family" and “local labour market" effects, proxied through the unemployment rate of the school community. The analysis of the impact of unemployment on academic performance is performed through hierarchical linear regressions (HLR). Results show that academic performance at age 15 is affected by labour market conditions, and, at the same time, previous performance determines future educational decisions. Thus, these results highlight the sensitivity of students' educational decisions and academic performance to shifts in the labour market.
The third study (Chapter 4), “The effect of overeducation and overskill on the gender wage gap: A cross-country analysis" performs a comparative analysis of the gender wage differentials for a group of OECD countries considering the incidence of overeducation and overqualification, and determines the extent to which differences in the gender wage gap may be attributed to educational and skills mismatches. The contribution of this study is thus twofold: first, it provides new evidence on the link between occupational mismatch and the gender wage gap; second, it explores the factors behind cross-country differences in the gender wage gap. We use Mincer wage equations, controlling for sample selection bias, in order to estimate differences by gender in the effects. We then apply Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to determine the effects of overeducation and overskill on the gender wage gap. Finally, a Machado-Mata (2005) [85] quantile regression approach is performed at the country level. Results show that: i) overeducation has a negative effect on wages and that this effect is larger for women; ii) overskill also has a negative effect on wages, but differences by gender are less evident; and, iii) most of the gender wage gap is explained by the different returns by gender of the productive characteristics of workers, occupational mismatch being one of the factors that increases this gap.
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GUIO JAIMES, Juan manuel. Analysis of the process of acquisition of skills and competencies in Spain. [consulta: 14 de desembre de 2025]. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/117005]