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Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a trigger of brain autoimmunity

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In 5 prospectively diagnosed patients with relapsing post-herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies were identified. Antibody synthesis started 1 to 4 weeks after HSE, preceding the neurological relapse. Three of 5 patients improved postimmunotherapy, 1 spontaneously, and 1 has started to improve. Two additional patients with NMDAR antibodies, 9 with unknown neuronal surface antibodies, and 1 with NMDAR and unknown antibodies, were identified during retrospective assessment of 34 HSE patients; the frequency of autoantibodies increased over time (serum, p=0.004; cerebrospinal fluid, p=0.04). The 3 retrospectively identified NMDAR antibody-positive patients also had evidence of relapsing post-HSE. Overall, these findings indicate that HSE triggers NMDAR antibodies and potentially other brain autoimmunity.

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ARMANGUÉ, Thaís, LEYPOLDT, Frank, MÁLAGA, Ignacio, RASPALL CHAURE, Miquel, MARTI, Itxaso, NICHTER, Charles, PUGH, John, VICENTE-RASOAMALALA, Mónica, LAFUENTE-HIDALGO, Miguel, MACAYA RUIZ, Alfons, KE, Michael, TITULAER, Maarten j., HÖFTBERGER, Romana, SHERIFF, Heather, GLASER, Carol, DALMAU OBRADOR, Josep. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a trigger of brain autoimmunity. _Annals of Neurology_. 2013. Vol. 75, núm. 2, pàgs. 317-323. [consulta: 30 de gener de 2026]. ISSN: 0364-5134. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/129163]

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