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Cognition in older adults with bipolar disorder: An ISBD task force systematic review and meta-analysis based on a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment
(John Wiley & Sons, 2022-03-01) Montejo Egido, Laura; Torrent Font, Carla; Jiménez Martínez, Esther; Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-; Blumberg, Hilary P.; Burdick, Katherine E.; Chen, Peijun; Dols, Annemiek; Eyler, Lisa T.; Forester, Brent P.; Gatchel, Jennifer R.; Gildengers, Ariel; Kessing, Lars Vedel; Miskowiak, Kamilla W.; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Patrick, Regan; Schouws, Sigfried; Radua, Joaquim; Bonnín Roig, Caterina del Mar; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder (OABD) Task Force
Objectives We aim to characterize the cognitive performance in euthymic older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) through a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to obtain a detailed neuropsychological profile. Methods We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE/Pubmed, Cochrane, and PsycInfo databases. Original studies assessing cognitive function in OABD (age ≥50 years ) containing, at a minimum, the domains of attention/processing speed, memory, and executive functions were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to summarize differences between patients and matched controls in each cognitive domain. We also conducted meta-regressions to estimate the impact of clinical and socio-demographic variables on these differences. Results Eight articles, providing data for 328 euthymic OABD patients and 302 healthy controls, were included in the meta-analysis. OABD showed worse performance in comparison with healthy controls, with large significant effect sizes (Hedge's g from −0.77 to −0.89; p < 0.001) in verbal learning and verbal and visual delayed memory. They also displayed statistically significant deficits, with moderate effect size, in processing speed, working memory, immediate memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, psychomotor function, executive functions, attention, inhibition, and recognition (Hedge's g from −0.52 to −0.76; p < 0.001), but not in language and visuoconstruction domains. None of the examined variables were associated with these deficits. Conclusions Cognitive dysfunction is present in OABD, with important deficits in almost all cognitive domains, especially in the memory domain. Our results highlight the importance of including a routine complete neuropsychological assessment in OABD and also considering therapeutic strategies in OABD.
Cardiological adverse events in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy: Influence of comorbidities and clinical outcomes
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-05-15) Fortuny, Marta; García Calonge, Marta; Arrabal, Óscar; Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Marco; Castaño García, Andrés; Cascos, Enric; Mesa, Alicia; Piedra-Cerezal, Ana María; Llarch, Neus; Iserte, Gemma; Campos, Marta; González-Zilkowfsky, Melina; Marsal García, Aida; Lorca, Rebeca; Rodríguez, Marta; Torres, Ferran; Varela, Maria; Reig, María
Introduction Immunotherapy-based combinations have revolutionized the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), improving overall survival (OS). However, these therapies are associated with adverse events (AEs), particularly cardiological complications and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which may adversely affect outcomes. The influence of comorbid conditions such as arterial hypertension (AHT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the incidence and prognosis of cardiological AEs in HCC patients remains understudied. Methods This retrospective study included 109 HCC patients treated with atezolizumab-bevacizumab, tremelimumab-durvalumab, or durvalumab as first-line therapy at two Spanish medical centers from 2017–2023. Patients were stratified by comorbidities, AE incidence, and cardiological risk (CARDIOSOR scale). The primary endpoints were the incidence of treatment-modifying AEs and MACE, and their association with survival. Results Among the cohort, 50.5 % experienced AEs of special interest (AESI), with 34 % considered immune-related (irAE). MACE occurred in 7.3 % of patients, including myocarditis (3.7 %). The CARDIOSOR scale identified a higher risk of MACE in patients with AHT, T2DM, or both (OR: 5.07, p = 0.034). Early cardiological AEs were independently associated with worse OS (HR: 3.38, p = 0.04). Patients with both AHT and T2DM exhibited higher rates of MACE (16.7 %) and treatment discontinuation (25.9 %). The CARDIOSOR scale effectively stratified patients into high-risk groups, correlating with increased MACE rates and poor survival outcomes. Conclusions Comorbid conditions, particularly AHT and T2DM, amplify the risk of MACE and influence treatment discontinuation. The CARDIOSOR scale is a valuable tool for personalized risk assessment, guiding tailored therapeutic strategies. Integrating cardiovascular risk management into HCC care is crucial for optimizing both oncological and cardiovascular outcomes.
Emergence of Oropouche virus among international travelers: A growing concern in non-endemic areas Aparición del virus Oropouche entre viajeros internacionales: una preocupación creciente en zonas no endémicas
(Elsevier, 2025-10-01) Peiró Mestres, Aida; Riera González, Elisa; Flores Calderón, Claudia; Navero Castillejos, Jessica; Martínez Yoldi, Miguel Julián; Camprubí Ferrer, Daniel
Introduction Oropouche fever is an emerging disease caused by an arthropod-borne virus, Oropouche virus. This virus is mainly circulating in Central and South America. In 2024 they have been reported an ongoing outbreak. Methods For this study, travelers returning from endemic areas with dengue-like symptoms and negative results for dengue from March to October 2024, were tested for Oropouche through RT-PCR. Results Among 43 patients tested, we detected an imported case of Oropouche fever imported from Cuba in a traveler presenting biphasic fever and neurological symptoms. The virus was detected by RT-PCR in urine samples collected more than one month after the onset of symptoms, suggesting prolonged viral shedding and expanding the diagnostic period for molecular confirmation of the infection. Conclusion Although only few cases have been yet reported in European travelers, the expansion of the virus in the Americas supports laboratory preparedness and clinical awareness.
Familial adenomatous polyposis: non-surgical management of large bowel disease: endoscopic and chemoprevention strategies
(Springer Verlag, 2025-06-01) Daca-Alvarez, Maria; Latchford, Andrew; Pellisé Urquiza, Maria; Balaguer Prunés, Francesc
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary disorder caused by constitutional pathogenic variants in the APC gene, leading to the development of up to hundreds of colorectal adenomas and a near-inevitable risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) if untreated. Traditional management relies on prophylactic colectomy, but advances in endoscopic techniques and chemoprevention offer alternative strategies to delay or even avoid surgery. This review explores the role of endoscopic surveillance, polypectomy strategies, and chemopreventive agents in FAP management, evaluating their efficacy, limitations, and the need for personalized approaches.
Burnout and perceived health in medical residents after the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center cross-sectional study
(Frontiers Media, 2026-06-19) Olive, Victoria; Navinés, Ricard; Pujol, Laura; Langohr, Klaus; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Martín Santos, Rocío
Introduction: Residents have a high risk of burnout during the training period. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on work conditions and health of medical residents. We therefore estimated the prevalence of post-pandemic burnout and perceived health, and their relationship with psychosocial factors, stress profile, and job satisfaction, as well as the pre-post pandemic changes.Methods: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional, online, anonymous survey using the validated FPSICO-4.0 questionnaire in a teaching hospital after the COVID-19 pandemic (2023). We also studied the pre-post changes from an independent pre-pandemic online survey (2018) with the same tool.Results: One hundred ninety-seven residents, 64% females, answered the questionnaire (43.5%); 28% had post-pandemic burnout without gender differences, being higher in surgical specialties (p=0.017) and along residency years (p=0.041). Role performance, behavior stress, job satisfaction and residency years were associated with an increase in odds of burnout (p<0.05). Supervision, conflict of role/cognitive stress explained 35% of the variation in perceived general health (adjusted-R2 = 0.356); temporary autonomy, supervision, information/training/promotion, behavior/somatic stress, and job satisfaction did 68% of mental health (adjusted-R2 = 0.683); and take decisions, conflict of role, behavior/somatic/cognitive stress, and male gender did 62% of vitality (adjusted-R2 = 0.624). Pre/post pandemic mean differences, adjusted by gender and residency year, showed deterioration of variety sense of work (p<0.001), effort of attention (p=0.026), behavior stress (p=0.022), and improvement of temporary autonomy (p=0.045).Conclusions: The identification after pandemic of high prevalence of burnout, stress levels and certain psychosocial risk factors (role performance and supervision), highlights the need of specific health promotion plan.
Safeguarding Autonomy: a Focus on Machine Learning Decision Systems
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-10-10) Subías Beltrán, Paula; Pujol Vila, Oriol; Lecuona Ramírez, Itziar de
As global discourse on AI regulation gains momentum, this paper focuses on delineating the impact of ML on autonomy and fostering awareness. Respect for autonomy is a basic principle in bioethics that establishes people as decision-makers. While the concept of autonomy in the context of ML appears in several European normative publications, it remains a theoretical concept that has yet to be widely accepted in ML practice. Our contribution is to bridge the gap between theory and practice in ML by encouraging the respect of autonomy in ML-aided decision-making. We do this by proposing a clear framework for operationalizing autonomy and identifying the conditioning factors that currently prevent it. Consequently, we focus on the different stages of the ML pipeline to identify the potential effects on ML end-users’ autonomy. To improve its practical utility, we propose a related question for each detected impact, offering guidance for identifying possible focus points to respect ML end-users autonomy in decision-making.
Silicon-based nanopillars: a novel platform for tissue applications
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025-12-21) Piergallini, Cristiano ; Díaz Valdivia, Natalia; Deyà, Alba; Fernández Nogueira, Patricia; Singh, Rahul ; Bertelsen, Christian Vinther; Svendsen, Winnie Edith; Corominas, Montserrat (Corominas Guiu); Gombau, Lourdes ; Sanz Fraile, Héctor; Reguart, Noemí; Romano Rodríguez, Albert; Serras Rigalt, Florenci; Luna, Noemí de ; Alcaraz Casademunt, Jordi; Ollé Monge, Marta
Nanostructured surfaces are increasingly used for cell applications due to their enhanced interactions with numerous cell types; yet, their effects on tissues remain unexplored. To address this limitation, we designed vertical silicon nanopillar (Si-NP) arrays with high density, high aspect ratio and submicrometer diameter, as an optimized geometry based on previous cell-nanostructure studies. Using state-of-the-art in vitro and ex vivo assays, we examined adhesion and biocompatibility of biological samples of different origin and level of complexity -human epithelial-like cell lines, Drosophila imaginal discs and patient-derived lung cancer biopsies-laid on Si-NP arrays or unpatterned flat Si surfaces. Our results demonstrated that Si-NP arrays significantly improved cell and tissue adhesion while preventing oxidative damage and early apoptosis. Consistently, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy imaging of cells and tissues showed extended horizontal protrusions and limited vertical wrapping around Si-NP, revealing enhanced cell-NP interactions without cell/tissue penetration. In contrast, flat Si surfaces showed poor adhesion, increased apoptosis, and failed to support tumor biopsy attachment. Interaction with Si-NP arrays upregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet mitochondria-associated ROS remained unchanged, and consequently apoptosis was not induced, indicating that the increased ROS arose from non-mitochondrial compartments and did not compromise viability. Notably, Si-NP arrays matched or outperformed biological responses on tissue culture plastic and Transwell-based assays, which are common in vitro and ex vivo substrates, respectively. These findings provide the first demonstration of the biological suitability of Si-NP arrays for tissue applications in research and clinical translation.
Brain-immune biological correlates of quality of life in adolescents with chronic pain
(Elsevier, 2025-12) Simons, Laura; Lopez-Solà, Marina; Pascual Diaz, Saül; Suñol, Maria; Hoeppli, Marie-Eve; Biggs, Emma; King, Christopher; Aghaeepour, Nima; Angst, Martin; Gaudilliere, Brice; Stinson, Jennifer; Moayedi, Massieh; Coghill, Robert
Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain affects a substantial proportion of youth, with 5 % reporting high-impact symptoms. Chronic pain in youth leads to multifaceted negative consequences that profoundly affect adolescents’ quality of life (QoL) and future outcomes. Recent studies suggest that neuro-immune interactions significantly contribute to chronic pain. However, how systemic immune dysregulation influences brain function, and how these brain changes affect well-being and functioning in chronic pain remains unclear. This study aims to examine the convergence between immune function and brain processing during a multisensory task to identify novel mechanistic pathways that may explain reduced QoL in adolescents with chronic MSK pain (N = 129). We used a multisensory fMRI task designed to mimic the unpleasant sensory experiences that adolescents and adults with chronic pain often encounter in daily life. Higher task-evoked activation in the rostral anterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices (rACC–dmPFC), which support threat appraisal and response regulation, was associated with lower physical QoL (pFWE = 0.005). Lower physical QoL was also associated with augmented functional connectivity between the rACC-dmPFC region and sensory processing areas in the somatosensory (pFWE = 0.002) and visual (pFWE = 0.049) cortices. Higher systemic pro-inflammatory activity in immature neutrophils was also associated with lower physical QoL (p = 0.01). Furthermore, task-evoked brain activation in the rACC-dmPFC partially mediated the relationship between neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses and reduced physical QoL. These findings suggest a potential neuro-immune pathway through which systemic immune alterations may affect brain function and QoL in adolescents with chronic MSK pain.
Effects of Mediterranean diet or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction during pregnancy on maternal gut and vaginal microbiota: a subanalysis of the Improving Mothers for a better PrenAtal Care Trial BarCeloNa (IMPACT BCN) trial
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-10) Selma-Royo, Marta; Crispi Brillas, Fàtima; Castro-Barquero, Sara; Casas, Irene; Larroya Solà, Marta; Genero, Mariona; Paules, Cristina; Benitez, Leticia; Youssef, Lina; Pascal Capdevila, Rosalia; Encabo, Noelia; Nakaki, Ayako; Martín Asuero, Andrés; Oller Guzmán, Teresa; Arranz Betegón, Ángela; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Casas Rodríguez, Rosa M.; Estruch Riba, Ramon; Gratacós Solsona, Eduard; Collado, Maria Carmen; Crovetto, Francesca
Background Despite the importance of gestation period for human health, studies addressing the impact of maternal microbiota on its progression and its modulation by maternal lifestyle are scarce. Although most of the evidence in the field comes from observational studies, we recently described how some lifestyle interventions during pregnancy reduced the small-for-gestational-age (SGA) incidence. We hypothesized the pregnant individual’s microbiome modulation as potential mechanism by which lifestyle interventions could impact gestation progression. Objectives The objectives of this study was to investigate the effect of pregnancy lifestyle interventions, based on a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MD) or Stress Reduction program (SR) that proved to be beneficial in reducing the SGA incidence, on the pregnant individuals’ gut and vaginal microbiota as exploratory outcomes. Methods In a random subsample (n = 351) from a trial including pregnancies randomly allocated into an MD intervention, an SR program, or non-intervention, maternal fecal/vaginal samples were collected at the end of the interventions, and in a subset (n = 85) also at recruitment. Microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multivariate models evaluated the associations of microbiota with the interventions. Results Mothers included in the study presented a similar gut microbiota profile before the intervention; pregnancy MD intervention influenced the overall structure of gut microbiota, (R2 = 0.008, F = 1.885, P = 0.002), which resulted in enrichment in Firmicutes phylum (Coeff = 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.118), related to the increment in health-associated taxa (Lachnospiraceae/Ruminococcaceae families) and other SCFA producers; and diminishment in Campylobacter genus (Coeff = −0.91, 95% CI: −1.361, −0.459). The link of the SR program with gut microbiota was more limited; however, some key components from these families were also affected. Microbial diversity of gut microbiota decreased as pregnancy progressed, with this effect more observable in the mothers that followed the interventions. The interventions have a negligible association with the vaginal microbiota. Conclusions Pregnancy lifestyle interventions influence maternal gut microbiota.
Post-CART-T Cell Infection: Etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches
(Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia, 2023-11-24) García Pouton, Nicole; Peyrony, Olivier; Chumbita, Mariana; Aiello, Tommaso Francesco; Monzó Gallo, Patricia; Gallardo Pizarro, Antonio; García Vidal, Carolina
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD-19 has revolutionized the treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies. However, patients undergoing this therapy face an increased risk of infections due to compromised immune function, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, hospitalization, and therapy-related complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Patients with systemic corticosteroid use, low immunoglobulin levels, and severe CRS, are at higher risk of infection. This review article highlights the spectrum of infections encountered in CAR T cell therapy, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Following consensus guidelines for vaccination and immunoglobulin replacement is recommended. Clear criteria for antibiotic usage and vaccinating household members against respiratory viruses are crucial. Understanding the risk factors, spectrum of infections, and implementing appropriate prophylactic measures are essential to optimize outcomes in patients undergoing CAR T cell therapy. By prioritizing infection prevention strategies, healthcare professionals can effectively improve patient care.
Clinical guidance on the use of esketamine nasal spray for patients with treatment resistant depression: A European Delphi consensus report
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-12-01) Young, Allan H.; Baune, Bernhard T.; Benatti, Beatrice; Bennabi, Djamila; Estercam, Sven; Gorwood, Philip; Gutiérrez-Rojas, Luis; Martiadis, Vassilis; Molero, Patricio; Normann, Claus; Perry, Richard; Pitchot, William; Reif, Andreas; Rosso, Gianluca; Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Fagiolini, Andrea
Esketamine nasal spray (NS) is an established treatment for patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). To further optimise real-world outcomes, consensus is needed regarding strategies to enhance patient outcomes and decision-making factors for pivotal timepoints in esketamine NS treatment. This modified Delphi panel (3 rounds) established expert consensus (≥80% agreement) from 30 European psychiatrists experienced in management of patients with TRD receiving esketamine NS. During the acute phase (4–12 weeks), modest/subjective reductions in core symptoms important to both patients and physicians supported esketamine NS continuation, especially with long disease course/resistance to multiple therapies. Consensus was reached that such a modest improvement during the acute phase should justify esketamine NS continuation (and supplementation of other treatment modalities with esketamine NS). Esketamine NS dose/frequency maximisation (84 mg weekly) was advocated for, to enhance acute phase outcomes, alongside strategies reflective of individual clinical characteristics. Monitoring in the continuation phase (6–9 months) should prioritise residual/fluctuating symptoms, changes in symptom severity, functional recovery status and comorbidity management/emergence. Should residual symptoms persist, dose/frequency escalation, among other all-phase options, were supported. Prolonging maintenance phase treatment (≥12 months) depended on the degree of clinical worsening when tapering, the risks/consequences of relapse, chronicity of the last depressive episode, residual symptoms and recurrence history. Across all phases, recommended treatment plans included integration of psychotherapy, optimisation of concomitant antidepressants/augmentation strategies, comorbidity management and strengthening support networks. Overall, the consensus advocated for an approach reflective of TRD complexities, prioritising meaningful outcomes for individual patients.
Misunderstanding precision psychiatry
(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2021-07-01) Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-; Salagre Muñoz, Estela
We thank van Os and Kohne for their reply to our commentary. It is true, we are in love with the concept of precision psychiatry. But we are not blindly in love. Our love for precision psychiatry is based on remarkable and rapid advances in biological psychiatry – closely linked to advances in technology – that support the potential of this paradigm shift.
Is it time to align adolescent diets with the Planetary Health Diet? An observational study on early cardiovascular health
(Frontiers Media, 2026-12-01) Santos-Beneit, Gloria; Fernández Alvira, Juan Miguel; Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo; Lamuela Raventós, Rosa Ma.; Castro-Barquero, Sara; Murcia-Lesmes, D.; Laveriano-Santos, Emily P.; Estruch Riba, Ramon; Corrado, Marina; Arancibia Riveros, Camila; Ruíz León, Ana María; Casas Rodríguez, Rosa M.; Camafort Babkowski, Miguel; Martínez Gómez, Jesús; de Cos-Gandoy, Amaya; Bodega, Patricia
Background: As the impact of early adoption of a sustainable plant-based diet on cardiometabolic biomarkers remains unexplored, we assessed whether they are associated with the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) in adolescents.Methods: This prospective study was conducted within the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial (SI! Program) in 886 adolescents (12 years ± 0.4 at cohort entry; 49.1% female) followed during 4 years in Spain. The PHDI scores were derived from validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models (HRs) analyzed the association between PHDI and risk of new-onset high blood pressure (BP), obesity, and elevated plasma cardiometabolic biomarkers. Additionally, mixed models assessed changes in those parameters.Results: High adherence to the PHDI(Q4 vs. Q1) is associated with a reduced risk of high BP by 81% (HR: 0.19 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.34]), plasma glucose by 47% (HR: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.58]), triglycerides (TG) by 66% (HR: 0.34 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.65]), total cholesterol by 51% (HR: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.34, 0.69]), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) by 74% (HR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.50]) in Cox models. Mixed models show inverse associations with higher PHDI and blood glucose (−5.23 mg/dL [95% CI: −10.35, −0.10]), TG (−2.48 mg/dL [95% CI: −3.65, −1.30]), and body mass index (BMI) z-score (−0.02 [95% CI: −0.03, 0.00]).Conclusion: This study stands out as greater adherence to the PHDI is inversely associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers in adolescents, highlighting nutritional benefits of the Planetary Health Diet and its role in preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases and early detection.
Is it time to align adolescent diets with the Planetary Health Diet? An observational study on early cardiovascular health
(Frontiers Media, 2026-12-01) Santos-Beneit, Gloria; Fernández Alvira, Juan Miguel; Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo; Lamuela Raventós, Rosa Ma.; Castro-Barquero, Sara; Murcia-Lesmes, D.; Laveriano-Santos, Emily P.; Estruch Riba, Ramon; Corrado, Marina; Arancibia Riveros, Camila; Ruíz León, Ana María; Casas Rodríguez, Rosa M.; Camafort Babkowski, Miguel; Martínez Gómez, Jesús; de Cos-Gandoy, Amaya; Bodega, Patricia
Background: As the impact of early adoption of a sustainable plant-based diet on cardiometabolic biomarkers remains unexplored, we assessed whether they are associated with the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) in adolescents.Methods: This prospective study was conducted within the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial (SI! Program) in 886 adolescents (12 years ± 0.4 at cohort entry; 49.1% female) followed during 4 years in Spain. The PHDI scores were derived from validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models (HRs) analyzed the association between PHDI and risk of new-onset high blood pressure (BP), obesity, and elevated plasma cardiometabolic biomarkers. Additionally, mixed models assessed changes in those parameters.Results: High adherence to the PHDI(Q4 vs. Q1) is associated with a reduced risk of high BP by 81% (HR: 0.19 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.34]), plasma glucose by 47% (HR: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.58]), triglycerides (TG) by 66% (HR: 0.34 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.65]), total cholesterol by 51% (HR: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.34, 0.69]), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) by 74% (HR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.50]) in Cox models. Mixed models show inverse associations with higher PHDI and blood glucose (−5.23 mg/dL [95% CI: −10.35, −0.10]), TG (−2.48 mg/dL [95% CI: −3.65, −1.30]), and body mass index (BMI) z-score (−0.02 [95% CI: −0.03, 0.00]).Conclusion: This study stands out as greater adherence to the PHDI is inversely associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers in adolescents, highlighting nutritional benefits of the Planetary Health Diet and its role in preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases and early detection.
Sex- and Age-Stratified Outcomes of Colonoscopy Versus Faecal Immunochemical Testing: Post-Analysis of the COLONPREV Study
(SAGE Publications, 2026-03) Castells Garangou, Antoni; Quintero, Enrique; Serra Burriel, Miquel; Bujanda, Luis; Castán-Cameo, Susana; Cubiella, Joaquin; Díaz-Tasende, José; Lanas, Angel; Ono, Akiko; Coll-Vinent i Puig, Blanca; Frías Arrocha, Eladio; Hernández, Cristina; Jover, Rodrigo; Andreu, Montserrat; Carballo, Fernando; Morillas, Juan Diego; Salas, Dolores; COLONPREV study investigators
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective and cost-effective in average-risk individuals. The COLONPREV study recently showed that individuals invited to a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) were more likely to participate in screening than those invited to colonoscopy, and that FIT-based screening was non-inferior to colonoscopy with respect to CRC-related mortality and CRC incidence. Objective To assess whether the outcomes of colonoscopy- and FIT-based screening differ according to sex and age in the invited population. Methods Presumptively healthy men and women aged 50–69 years were randomised to either a one-time screening colonoscopy or biennial FIT. In this analysis, we report participation and crossover rates, CRC-related mortality, CRC incidence, all-cause mortality, and diagnostic yield for both screening strategies, stratified by sex and by age group (50–59 and 60–69 years). Results The eligible population consisted of 26,332 individuals assigned to colonoscopy and 26,719 assigned to FIT. As expected, participation and crossover rates were higher in women than in men and in older individuals compared with younger individuals. Participation was also consistently higher in those invited to FIT screening than in those assigned to colonoscopy across both sexes and age groups. The observed reductions in CRC-related mortality and CRC incidence, which were consistent across both screening strategies, were independent of sex or age. However, CRC-related mortality, all-cause mortality, and CRC incidence remained higher in men and older participants than in women and younger participants. Colonoscopy screening showed a higher diagnostic yield of premalignant precursor lesions across all demographic subgroups. Conclusion Participation and reductions in CRC-related mortality and incidence were consistent across sex and age groups for both FIT- and colonoscopy-based screening strategies. The higher baseline risk observed in men could not be fully mitigated by screening.
Characterizing Aeromonas spp. as a Potential Sentinel Organism for Antimicrobial Resistance Dissemination in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Systems: A Case Study in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, Spain
(MDPI, 2026-03-01) Mondéjar, Laura; Gabasa, Yaiza; Castellsagués, Laura; Vilaró, Carles; Galofre, Belén; González-Díaz, Aida; Martí Martí, Sara; Sanz, Sergi; Soto González, Sara M.; Ballén, Victoria; Pinar-Méndez, Anna
Background: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are hotspots of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inputs from diverse anthropogenic sources. Aeromonas spp., ubiquitous in aquatic environments, often carry clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and can persist beyond fecal contamination indicators, making them promising sentinel organisms for AMR dissemination. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Aeromonas spp. in this role by characterizing resistance profiles, associated virulence factor genes (VFGs), genetic mobility, and persistence across wastewater and drinking water treatment processes in the Barcelona metropolitan area, Spain. Methods: Isolates were phenotypically characterized and screened for ARGs, VFGs, integrons, and heavy metal tolerance genes, followed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm formation was assessed in vitro. Conjugation assays with Escherichia coli evaluated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) potential. Results: A total of 428 antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp., the most abundant antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated during the 2023 sampling campaigns from two WWTPs and one drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), were characterized. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) non-susceptibility was most frequent (72%), followed by cefoxitin resistance (65.4%). The sul1 (57.5%) and blaMOX (78.6%) genes predominated among SXT- and β-lactam-resistant isolates. The merA gene was detected in 23.6%; 97.9% harbored at least one VFG (aerA, act, fla, alt, or hlyA), and 70.3% carried intI1. Half formed biofilm. Conjugation confirmed bi-directional HGT, and WGS revealed persistent ST3458 clones across treatment stages. Conclusions: WWTPs and DWTPs act as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp., demonstrating persistence and HGT potential. Findings support their use as sentinel organisms for AMR surveillance in aquatic environments and for assessing treatment efficacy, highlighting variability across treatment types and locations, and reinforcing their relevance for urban water reclamation monitoring. Keywords: Aeromonas spp.; antimicrobial resistance; antibiotic resistance genes; wastewater treatment plants; drinking water treatment; horizontal gene transfer; biofilms; environmental surveillance
Characteristics of Colonoscopy- and Fecal Immunochemical Test-Based Screen-Detected Premalignant Neoplastic Lesions: Results From the COLONPREV Study
(Elsevier, 2026-03-01) Castells Garangou, Antoni; Quintero, Enrique; Pellisé Urquiza, Maria; Frías Arrocha, Eladio; Hernández, Cristina; Serra Burriel, Miquel; COLONPREV Study Investigators
Evidence from several studies have shown that colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective and cost-effective in average-risk individuals. The most common screening strategies are fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy. Whereas the former is predominantly implemented in Europe and Australia, the latter is the dominant screening modality in the US. . We have recently published the long-term results of COLONPREV study, the first randomized controlled trial comparing colonoscopy and FIT head-tohead, demonstrating that individuals invited to FIT were more likely to participate in screening than those invited to colonoscopy. More importantly, FIT-based screening program appeared not to be inferior to one based on primary colonoscopy in terms of CRC-related mortality and CRC incidence.
Can Colonoscopy Still Be Promoted as the Best Choice for Colorectal Cancer Screening?
(Elsevier, 2026-03-01) Ladabaum, Uri; Weinberg, David S.; Castells Garangou, Antoni
Upon hearing a speaker disclose potential conflicts of interest years ago at Digestive Disease Week, an eminent American leader in gastroenterology whispered to one of us: “These disclosures are nonsense. Our main conflict of interest is that we all do colonoscopy.” American gastroenterologists usually avoid discussing this uncomfortable truth. The delivery of high-quality colonoscopy is a source of professional pride for us. Colonoscopy is the final common pathway of all colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategies, preventing CRC through polypectomy.
Molecular Epidemiology of Travel-Associated and Locally Acquired Dengue Virus Infections in Catalonia, Spain, 2019
(MDPI, 2025-05-01) Bou-Monclús, Maria Assumpció; Martínez Calleja, Itziar; Jané, Mireia; Rius, Cristina; Vargas Leguas, Hernán; Escudero Pérez, Beatriz; Albarracín, Rosa; Navarro Ponz, Alfons; Navarro Calafell, Mercè; Navero Castillejos, Jessica; Sánchez-Montalvá, Adrián; Sulleiro, E.; Silgado, Aroa; Montalvo, Tomás; Barahona, Laura; Busquets, Núria; Muñoz Gutiérrez, José; Camprubí Ferrer, Daniel; Valdivia, Meica; Barrachina, Josep; Martínez, Ana; Martínez Yoldi, Miguel Julián
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most important arbovirus worldwide. In 2019, a significant increase in dengue cases was reported worldwide, resulting in a peak of imported cases in some European countries such as Spain. We aimed to describe travel-associated and locally acquired DENV strains detected in 2019 in the Catalonia region (northeastern Spain), a hotspot for dengue introduction in Europe. Through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene, 75 imported viremic cases and two local strains were described. Autochthonous transmission events included an infection of a local mosquito with an imported dengue strain and a locally acquired human dengue infection from a locally infected mosquito. Overall, all four DENV serotypes and up to 10 different genotypes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed transcontinental circulations associated with DENV-1 and DENV-2 and the presence of DENV-4 genotype I in Indonesia, where few cases had been previously described. A molecular study of the autochthonous events determined that local Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were infected by an African DENV-1 genotype V strain, while the locally acquired human case was caused by a DENV-3 genotype I of Asian origin. These findings underline the wide variability of imported strains and the high risk of DENV introduction into this territory, emphasizing the importance and usefulness of molecular characterization and phylogenetics for both local and global surveillance of the disease.
Resting-state brain connectivity following extra virgin olive oil intake in healthy adults: a randomised crossover pilot neuroimaging substudy
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026-04-08) Estruch Riba, Ramon; Lamuela Raventós, Rosa Ma.; Gutiérrez-Romero, Rocío M.; Donat Vargas, Carolina; Muñoz-Moreno, Emma; Hinojosa-Moscoso, Alejandro; Galkina, Polina; Arancibia Riveros, Camila; Domínguez-López, Inés; Hurtado Barroso, Sara; Pérez Bosch, Maria; Vallverdú i Queralt, Anna; Casas Rodríguez, Rosa M.
This pilot randomised crossover neuroimaging substudy (n = 9) identified increased resting-state occipital functional connectivityfollowing daily consumption of (poly)phenol-rich extra virgin olive oil compared with regular olive oil. Urinary hydroxytyrosol-glucuronideexcretion increased significantly, and a significant interaction between intervention and metabolite levels was observed on occipitalconnectivity. These preliminary findings require replication in larger, adequately powered studies.

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