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2025-08-23

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cc-by-nc-nd (c) Radua, Joaquim et al., 2025
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/223537

Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63078-x

Abstract

Pavlovian fear conditioning is a fundamental process in both health and disease. We investigate its neural correlates and sources of variability using harmonized functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 2199 individuals across nine countries, including 1888 healthy individuals and 311 with anxiety-related or depressive disorders. Using mega-analysis and normative modeling, we show that fear conditioning consistently engages brain regions within the “central autonomic–interoceptive” or “salience” network. Several task variables strongly modulate activity in these regions, contributing to variability in neural responses. Additionally, brain activation patterns differ between healthy individuals and those with anxiety-related or depressive disorders, with distinct profiles characterizing specific disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. While the neural correlates of fear conditioning are highly generalizable at the population level, variability arises from differences in task design and clinical status, highlighting the importance of methodological diversity in capturing fear learning mechanisms

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Neurociència computacional, Neuropsiquiatria, Neurociència cognitiva

Subject (English)

Computational neuroscience, Neuropsychiatry, Cognitive neuroscience

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Articles publicats en revistes (Psicologia Social i Psicologia Quantitativa)
Articles publicats en revistes (Ciències Clíniques)
Articles publicats en revistes (IDIBAPS: Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer)
Articles publicats en revistes (Institut d'lnvestigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL))
Articles publicats en revistes (Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro))

Citation

RADUA, Joaquim, et al. Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals. Nature Communications. 2025. Vol. 16, num. 7869. ISSN 2041-1723. [consulted: 9 of June of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/223537

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