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Impacto de las temperaturas extremas en las consultas a los servicios hospitalarios de urgencias: estudio multicéntrico en Cataluña (2020–2025)
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Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre las temperaturas extremas y las consultas a los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) de Cataluña, y evaluar su impacto en la presión asistencial y en la gravedad de los casos atendidos.
Métodos. Estudio observacional, multicéntrico, ecológico y de series temporales retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 8 hospitales públicos, que atienden a una población de 4,7 millones de personas. Se analizaron las consultas a urgencias entre enero de 2020 y agosto de 2025, clasificadas según su triaje. Las temperaturas diarias (media, mínima y máxima) se obtuvieron de 198 estaciones meteorológicas del Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya, asignadas a cada hospital por proximidad. La asociación entre temperatura y hospitalizaciones se evaluó mediante modelos no lineales de retraso distribuido (DLNM) con regresión cuasi-Poisson.
Resultados. Durante el periodo de estudio se registraron más de 4,55 millones de consultas, con una media de 275 consultas diarias por hospital; el 47,2% correspondieron a pacientes con niveles de triaje I, II y III. Se identificaron dos picos de presión asistencial: en invierno (octubre–diciembre) y en verano (mayo–agosto). La temperatura máxima mostró la asociación más significativa con las hospitalizaciones: un incremento del 42,8% en el total de consultas y del 37,7% en pacientes de nivel 1 en los percentiles más extremos respecto a valores de referencia.
Conclusiones. Las temperaturas extremas generan un aumento de la actividad en los SUH, especialmente de los casos más graves. Estos hallazgos confirman la necesidad de consolidar planes asistenciales específicos de verano e integrar indicadores de urgencias en los sistemas de vigilancia para afrontar los efectos del cambio climático
[eng] Objective. To analyze the relationship between extreme temperatures and hospital emergency department (ED) visits in Catalonia (Spain), assessing their impact on workload and case severity. Methods. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, ecological time-series study with 8 public hospitals serving a population of 4.7 million people. ED visits from January 2020 through August 2025 were analyzed according to triage level. Daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures were obtained from 198 weather stations of the Catalan Meteorological Service and assigned to each hospital by proximity. The association between temperature and hospital admissions was evaluated using distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) with quasi-Poisson regression. Results. More than 4.55 million visits were recorded during the study period, with a mean of 275 daily visits per hospital; 47.2% of patients were triaged as levels I, II, or III. Two peaks in workload were observed: winter (October-December) and summer (May-August). Maximum temperature showed the strongest association with admissions, with increases of 42.8% in total visits and 37.7% in level 1 patients at the most extreme percentiles vs reference values. Conclusions. Extreme temperatures increase ED activity, particularly among the most severe cases. These findings support the need to strengthen summer-specific care plans and integrate emergency indicators into surveillance systems to address the health effects of climate change.
[eng] Objective. To analyze the relationship between extreme temperatures and hospital emergency department (ED) visits in Catalonia (Spain), assessing their impact on workload and case severity. Methods. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, ecological time-series study with 8 public hospitals serving a population of 4.7 million people. ED visits from January 2020 through August 2025 were analyzed according to triage level. Daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures were obtained from 198 weather stations of the Catalan Meteorological Service and assigned to each hospital by proximity. The association between temperature and hospital admissions was evaluated using distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) with quasi-Poisson regression. Results. More than 4.55 million visits were recorded during the study period, with a mean of 275 daily visits per hospital; 47.2% of patients were triaged as levels I, II, or III. Two peaks in workload were observed: winter (October-December) and summer (May-August). Maximum temperature showed the strongest association with admissions, with increases of 42.8% in total visits and 37.7% in level 1 patients at the most extreme percentiles vs reference values. Conclusions. Extreme temperatures increase ED activity, particularly among the most severe cases. These findings support the need to strengthen summer-specific care plans and integrate emergency indicators into surveillance systems to address the health effects of climate change.
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YUGUERO TORRES, Oriol, et al. Impacto de las temperaturas extremas en las consultas a los servicios hospitalarios de urgencias: estudio multicéntrico en Cataluña (2020–2025). Emergencias. 2025. [consulted: 30 of May of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/229353