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High prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia among Mozambican children < 5 years of age admitted to hospital with clinical severe pneumonia
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We aimed to describe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) prevalence and features in children from sub-Saharan Africa, and
to investigate PCP-associated risk factors. During 2006-2007 we
used molecular methods to test children younger than 5 years old
admitted with severe pneumonia to a hospital in Southern
Mozambique for Pneumocystis infection. We recruited 834
children. PCP prevalence was 6.8% and HIV prevalence was 25.7%.
The in-hospital and delayed mortality were significantly higher
among children with PCP (20.8% vs. 10.2 %, p=0.021, and 11.5%
vs. 3.6%, p=0.044, respectively). Clinical features were mostly
overlapping between the two groups. Independent risk factors for
PCP were age less than a year (OR 6.34, 95%CI 1.86-21.65), HIV
infection (OR 2.99, 95%CI 1.16-7.70), grunting (OR 2.64, 95%CI
1.04-6.73), and digital clubbing (OR 10.75, 95%CI 1.21-95.56).
PCP is a common and life-threatening cause of severe pneumonia
in Mozambican children. Mother-to-child HIV transmission
prevention should be strengthened. Better diagnostic tools are
needed.
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LANASPA, Miguel, et al. High prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia among
Mozambican children < 5 years of age admitted to hospital
with clinical severe pneumonia. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2015. Vol. 21, num. 11, pags. 1018. ISSN 1198-743X. [consulted: 9 of June of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/99513