Llibres / Capítols de llibre (Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB))

URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://diposit.ub.edu/handle/2445/64125

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Mostrant 1 - 9 de 9

The Endocannabinoid System as a Target in Cancer: Status and Future Perspectives
(Springer Nature, 2023-05-14) Moreno Guillén, Estefanía; Cavic, Milena; Canela Campos, Enric I. (Enric Isidre), 1949-
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents a complex network of different molecules as cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoid ligands, and the enzymatic machinery that drives their metabolism, as well as cells and pathways that use endocannabinoid signaling. It is important for the regulation of most vital biochemical processes contributing to and overall homeostasis state. As such, it is ambiguously implicated in both the development of cancer and its suppression, as well as its progression and interaction with current anti-cancer therapeutics. This work will review the main ECS components and their discovery, structure, pharmacological properties, and significance in various physiological and pathological states and focus on the current burden of evidence available from open-access databases, experimental data, and expert reviews which offer future directions for its use in the oncological setting. The vast potential of the translationally significant information of the so-called endocannabinoidome is currently being explored in many ongoing clinically oriented research studies as well as clinical trials. Previously acquired pharmacological data from its historical application in pain alleviation and as a general palliative agent in oncology will be useful for drug repurposing scenarios, aiming to speed up its possible clinical applications, after decades of carrying the stigma of an ethically and legally compromised target.
Membrane Vesicles from the Gut Microbiota and Their Interactions with the Host
(Springer Nature, 2020-04-01) Badía Palacín, Josefa; Baldomà Llavinés, Laura
Gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and human health. Microbiota establishes a complex network of dynamic and reciprocal interactions with the intestinal epithelium and immune system. The mucin layer that covers the epithelium prevents luminal bacteria from accessing host cells. Thus, microbiota–host communication mainly relies on secreted factors and membrane vesicles (MVs), which can cross the inner mucus layer and reach the epithelium. This chapter focuses on the role of microbiota-secreted MVs as key players in signaling processes in the intestinal mucosa. This is an emerging research topic, with the first reports dating from 2012. Microbiota-derived MVs are involved in interspecies communication in the gut, between bacteria and between microbiota and host. Here we present current knowledge on the mechanisms used by microbiota MVs to assist and control the gut microbial community and to modulate host immune and defense responses. Constant stimulation of immune receptors by microbiota MVs results in tightly controlled inflammation that contributes to tolerogenic responses essential to maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, gut microbiota MVs are emerging as physical vehicles for distribution and delivery of bacterial effectors to distal tissues in human health and disease.
Fighting the Influenza A virus. New scaffolds and therapeutic targets
(Research Signpost, 2017) Barniol-Xicota, Marta; Vázquez Cruz, Santiago
Neuropsychopharmacologic and neurotoxicologic effects of the combination of ethanol with mephedrone in adolescent mice
(Research Signpost, 2016) Pubill Sánchez, David; Ciudad Roberts, Andrés; Duart Castells, Leticia; Ciudad i Gómez, Carlos Julián; Camarasa García, Jordi; Escubedo Rafa, Elena
In the last decade, a new family of synthetic psychostimulant drugs, under the name of cathinones, broke into the market. These drugs are mainly consumed by adolescents and young adults with recreational purposes, in most cases combined with alcoholic drinks. Although a number of works about new cathinones have been recently published, none explored the consequences of such combination. Because adolescence is a crucial period in brain development, we sought to study the effects of the combination of mephedrone plus ethanol in adolescent mice, focusing on psychostimulant and conditioning effects, as well as on neurotoxicity markers. Ethanol increased both locomotor activity and conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by mephedrone. RNA microarray assays after CPP test yielded significant alterations in neuronal plasticity-related genes and a key role of BDNF and dopamine D3 receptors in CPP acquisition was found. Ethanol potentiated the oxidative stress as well as the decreases in dopaminergic and serotonergic markers in frontal cortex and hippocampus respectively, after a binge treatment with mephedrone. Moreover, the drug combination impaired spatial learning and memory, as well as neurogenesis to a higher extent than mephedrone alone.
The role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in insulin resistance (Seminaris de Recerca 2015)
(Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Farmàcia, 2015) Caelles Franch, Carme
Inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy
(Research Signpost, 2015) Palomer Tarridas, Francesc Xavier; Barroso Fernández, Emma; Vázquez Carrera, Manuel
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural and functional alterations in the heart muscle of people with diabetes that finally lead to heart failure. Metabolic disturbances characterized by increased lipid oxidation, intramyocardial triglyceride accumulation and reduced glucose utilization have all been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, evidences arisen in the recent years point to a potential link between chronic low-grade inflammation in the heart and metabolic dysregulation. Interestingly, the progression of heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy usually entails the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Therefore, in this chapter we summarize novel insights into the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation in the failing heart during diabetes.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a moonlighting protein in bacteria
(Research Signpost, 2014) Giménez Claudio, Rosa; Aguilera Gil, Maria Laura; Ferreira, Elaine; Aguilar Piera, Juan; Baldomà Llavinés, Laura; Badía Palacín, Josefa
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is considered a housekeeping protein that is present in virtually all organisms, where it performs metabolic functions essential for survival. GAPDH plays an essential role in the process of energy production, and is also involved in numerous biological processes. GAPDH belongs to a subset of proteins called moonlighting proteins, in which different functions are associated with a single polypeptide chain. The multifunctionality of GAPDH has been described in pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms, in mammals and in plants. In this review, we summarize the moonlighting role of GAPDH in bacteria.
Synthetic approaches towards the Lycopodium alkaloids
(Research Signpost, 2014) Bradshaw, Ben; Saborit Villarroya, Gisela; Luque Corredera, Carlos; Balañà, Marta; Bonjoch i Sesé, Josep
The Lycopodium alkaloids are a structurally diverse group of natural products isolated from Lycopodium with important biological effects for the potential treatment of cancer and severe neurodegenerative diseases. To date, full biological studies have been hampered by lack of material from natural sources. Total synthesis represents a possible solution to meet this demand as well as the most effective way to design new compounds to determine structural activity relationships and obtain more potent compounds. The aim of this chapter is to summarise the work carried out in this field so far by presenting an overview of the synthetic strategies used to access each of the four key Lycopodium alkaloid types. Particular emphasis has been placed on methods that rapidly construct each nucleus utilizing tandem reactions.
Fructose effects on human health: Molecular insights from experimental models
(Research Signpost, 2014) Baena Muñoz, Miguel; Sangüesa Puigventós, Gemma; Hutter, Natalia; Sánchez Peñarroya, Rosa M.; Laguna Egea, Juan Carlos; Alegret i Jordà, Marta; Roglans i Ribas, Núria
Global changes in dietary habits in the last decades caused an increase of added sugar consumption all over the world, which has been linked to the increasing prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Fructose is widely used as a sweetener in the food and beverage industry, either as an integrant of the sucrose molecule or as a component of high fructose corn syrups. The consumption of fructose in beverages is especially dangerous, as the process of energy compensation by reduction in the ingestion of other foods does not work equally well with liquid than solid foods. Besides, fructose is the carbohydrate with the highest ability to induce hypertriglyceridemia, due to a marked increase in lipogenesis compared with glucose. In this review we will discuss some of the most recent studies performed in animal models and in humans to investigate the effects of excessive fructose consumption.

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