Documents de treball / Informes (Econometria, Estadística i Economia Aplicada)

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Mergers, branch consolidation and financial exclusion in the US bank market
(Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, 2019) Calzada, Joan; Fageda, Xavier, 1975-; Martínez Santos, Fernando
We analyze the role of bank mergers as determinants of the evolution of branch presence at the county level. Panel regressions based on county-level branch density are used to study differences across urban versus rural counties as well as pre- and post-crisis. The results indicate that bank mergers contributed to the increase of branches in the pre-crisis period and to its reduction in the post-crisis period, but the expansion effect of the mergers before the crisis mainly took place in metropolitan counties. Additional results show that broadband penetration has contributed to the reduction in the number of branches after the crisis and that branch closures are associated with an increase in the share of unbanked and underbanked households at the county level.
Bilingual Schooling and Earnings: Evidence from a Language-in-Education reform [WP]
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2015) Cappellari, Lorenzo; Di Paolo, Antonio
We exploit the 1983 language-in-education reform that introduced Catalan alongside Spanish as medium of instruction in Catalan schools to estimate the labour market value of bilingual education. Identification is achieved in a difference-in-differences framework exploiting variation in exposure to the reform across years of schooling and years of birth. We find positive wage returns to bilingual education and no effects on employment, hours of work or occupation. Results are robust to education-cohort specific trends or selection into schooling and are mainly stemming from exposure at compulsory education. We show that the effect worked through increased Catalan proficiency for Spanish speakers and that there were also positive effects for Catalan speakers from families with low education. These findings are consistent with human capital effects rather than with more efficient job search or reduced discrimination. Exploiting the heterogeneous effects of the reform as an instrument for proficiency we find sizeable earnings effects of skills in Catalan.
Supervised regionalization methods: A survey
(Sage Publications, 2007-07) Duque, Juan Carlos; Ramos Lobo, Raúl; Suriñach Caralt, Jordi
This paper reviews almost four decades of contributions on the subject of supervised regionalization methods. These methods aggregate a set of areas into a predefined number of spatially contiguous regions while optimizing certain aggregation criteria. The authors present a taxonomic scheme that classifies a wide range of regionalization methods into eight groups, based on the strategy applied for satisfying the spatial contiguity constraint. The paper concludes by providing a qualitative comparison of these groups in terms of a set of certain characteristics, and by suggesting future lines of research for extending and improving these methods.
An analysis of the determinants in economics and business publications by spanish universities between 1994 and 2004
(Elsevier B.V., 2007) Ramos Lobo, Raúl; Royuela Mora, Vicente; Suriñach Caralt, Jordi
The objective of this study consists, firstly, of quantifying differences between Spanish universities' output (in terms of publications and citations), and secondly, analysing its determinants. The results obtained show that there are factors which have a positive influence on these indicators, such as having a third-cycle programme, with public financing obtained in competitive selection procedures, having a large number of full-time researchers or involvement in collaborations with international institutions. However, other factors which appear to have the opposite effect were also noted. These include a higher number of students per lecturer or a lower proportion of lecturers with recognised six-year periods.
La distribución regional de la temporalidad en españa. Análisis de sus determinantes
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Motellón Corral, Elisabet
Este trabajo aporta evidencia empírica acerca de los factores determinantes de las diferencias en la probabilidad de acceder a un contrato indefinido entre las distintas regiones españolas. Para ello, y de forma novedosa en este contexto, se aplica una extensión de la metodología tradicional de Oaxaca-Blinder al caso de modelos no lineales. Los resultados apuntan a la coexistencia de distintas “culturas de la temporalidad” en España, al existir discrepancias regionales significativas en el empleo del trabajo temporal como medida de flexibilización laboral. Estas diferencias tienen incluso más capacidad explicativa que las discrepancias en las características de la mano de obra y de las empresas instaladas en cada región. Estos resultados cuestionan las medidas adoptadas para combatir el problema de la precariedad laboral en España, al no haber considerado las especificidades regionales.
Regional returns to physical capital: are they conditioned by educational attainment?
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) López-Bazo, Enrique; Moreno Serrano, Rosina
This paper provides novel empirical evidence of the indirect effect of educational attainment on regional economic growth, through its influence on the profitability of investment in physical capital. We test the hypothesis that the regional heterogeneity of the return to physical capital can be directly related to the existing heterogeneity in the educational attainment of workers. The results for the Spanish case support our hypothesis that the higher the educational attainment of workers the greater the returns on investment in physical capital. In fact, this effect seems to be sufficiently strong to have counterbalanced the traditional mechanism of decreasing returns to capital accumulation.
Does human capital stimulate investment in physical capital? Evidence from a cost system framework (WP)
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) López-Bazo, Enrique; Moreno Serrano, Rosina
The direct effect of human capital on economic growth has been widely analysed in the economic literature. This paper, however, focuses on its indirect effect as a stimulus for private investment in physical capital. The methodological framework used is the duality theory, estimating a cost system aggregated with human capital. Empirical evidence is given for Spain for the period 1980-2000. We provide evidence on the indirect effect of human capital in making private capital investment more attractive. Among the main explanations for this process, we observe that higher worker skill levels enable higher returns to be extracted from investment in physical capital.
Do innovation and human capital explain the productivity gap between small and large firms?
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Castany Teixidor, Laia; López-Bazo, Enrique; Moreno Serrano, Rosina
Empirical evidence is compelling that large firms are more productive than small firms. The hypothesis in this paper is that the productivity differences between small and large firms are associated with two of the main determinants of a firm’s performance: the human and technological capital that firms incorporate. We suggest that the contribution of these factors in explaining the productivity-size gap might not only be due to the fact that large firms make a more extensive use of them, but also because large firms obtain higher returns from their investment in human and technological capital. The evidence we obtain for a comprehensive sample of Spanish manufacturing firms (1990-2002) supports this hypothesis, which has important implications for the effectiveness of policies designed to improve productivity in SMEs by stimulating innovation and the use of more skilled workers.
Fiscal sustainability across government tiers: an assessment of soft budget constraints (IREA)
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Claeys, Peter; Ramos Lobo, Raúl; Suriñach Caralt, Jordi
This paper analyses how fiscal adjustment comes about when both central and sub-national governments are involved in consolidation. We test sustainability of public debt with a fiscal rule for both the federal and regional government. Results for the German Länder show that lower tier governments bear a relatively smaller part of the burden of adjustment, if they consolidate at all. Most of the fiscal adjustment occurs via central government debt. In contrast, both the US federal and state levels contribute to consolidation of public finances.
The institutional vs. the academic definition of the quality of work life. What is the focus of the European Commission?
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Royuela Mora, Vicente; López-Tamayo, Jordi; Suriñach Caralt, Jordi
In recent years, we have seen how the quality of work life has been focused and defined by the European Commission (EC). In our study we compare the EC definition with the academic one and try to see how close they are. We also analyse the possibility of applying the institutional definition to the Spanish case through the development of specific indicators. Our main conclusions are that QWL is increasingly important for policy makers. In addition, it is essential to have objective indicators and to conduct surveys in order to reliably measure QWL.
Cambios en la distribución salarial en españa, 1995-2002. efectos a través del tipo de contrato
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Motellón Corral, Elisabet; López-Bazo, Enrique; El-Attar, Mayssun
En este trabajo analizamos los cambios en la distribución salarial en España entre 1995 y 2002, utilizando la información contenida en la Encuesta de Estructura Salarial. El análisis revela un notable cambio en la distribución salarial que afecta, básicamente, a los niveles salariales bajos y medios, mientras que los correspondientes a los elevados permanecen inalterados entre ambos años. El análisis detallado de las distribuciones salariales para trabajadores con contrato indefinido y temporal muestra como estos últimos son los protagonistas de las mejoras salariales, mientras que los cambios en los niveles salariales intermedios son causados principalmente por los cambios producidos en la distribución de los trabajadores indefinidos. Empleando una técnica semi-paramétrica que permite considerar los efectos en el conjunto de la distribución salarial, encontramos que las variaciones observadas en las distribuciones salariales son consecuencia de cambios en la estructura retributiva, que han afectado de forma distinta a los trabajadores temporales (mejoras salariales homogéneas) y a los indefinidos, (reducción de los salarios intermedios).
Another Look at the Null of Stationary Real Exchange Rates: Panel Data with Structural Breaks and Cross-section Dependence
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Basher, Syed Abul; Carrión i Silvestre, Josep Lluís
This paper re-examines the null of stationary of real exchange rate for a panel of seventeen OECD developed countries during the post-Bretton Woods era. Our analysis simultaneously considers both the presence of cross-section dependence and multiple structural breaks that have not received much attention in previous panel methods of long-run PPP. Empirical results indicate that there is little evidence in favor of PPP hypothesis when the analysis does not account for structural breaks. This conclusion is reversed when structural breaks are considered in computation of the panel statistics. We also compute point estimates of half-life separately for idiosyncratic and common factor components and find that it is always below one year.
Multicointegration, polynomial cointegration and I(2) cointegration with structural breaks. An application to the sustainability of the US external deficit
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Berenguer Rico, Vanesa; Carrión i Silvestre, Josep Lluís
In this paper we model the multicointegration relation, allowing for one structural break. Since multicointegration is a particular case of polynomial or I(2) cointegration, our proposal can also be applied in these cases. The paper proposes the use of a residualbased Dickey-Fuller class of statistic that accounts for one known or unknown structural break. Finite sample performance of the proposed statistic is investigated by using Monte Carlo simulations, which reveals that the statistic shows good properties in terms of empirical size and power. We complete the study with an empirical application of the sustainability of the US external deficit. Contrary to existing evidence, the consideration of one structural break leads to conclude in favour of the sustainability of the US external deficit.
Has concentration evolved similarly in manufacturing and services? A sensitivity analysis
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Ruiz-Valenzuela, Jenifer; Moreno Serrano, Rosina; Vayá, Esther
Our first objective is to compare the degree of concentration in manufacturing and services, with special emphasis on its evolution in these two sectors, using a sensitivity analysis for different concentration indices and different geographic units of analysis: municipalities and local labour systems of Catalonia in 1991 and 2001. Most concentration measures fail to consider the space in which a particular municipality is located. Our second objective is to overcome this problem by applying two different techniques: by using a clustering measure, and by analysing whether the location quotients computed for each municipality and sector present some kind of spatial autocorrelation process. We take special account of the differences in patterns of concentration according to the technological level of the sectors.
Defining housing market areas using commuting and migration algorithms. Catalonia (Spain) as an applied case study
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Royuela Mora, Vicente; Vargas, Miguel
In the literature on housing market areas, different approaches can be found to defining them, for example, using travel-to-work areas and, more recently, making use of migration data. Here we propose a simple exercise to shed light on which approach performs better. Using regional data from Catalonia, Spain, we have computed housing market areas with both commuting data and migration data. In order to decide which procedure shows superior performance, we have looked at uniformity of prices within areas. The main finding is that commuting algorithms present more homogeneous areas in terms of housing prices.
Decomposing differences in total factor productivity across firm size
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Castany Teixidor, Laia; López-Bazo, Enrique; Moreno Serrano, Rosina
This paper investigates the extent to which the gap in total factor productivity between small and large firms is due to differences in the endowment of factors determining productivity and to the returns associated with these factors. We place particular emphasis on the contribution of differences in the propensity to innovate and in the use of skilled labor across firms of different size. Empirical evidence from a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms corroborates that both differences in endowments and returns to innovation and skilled labor significantly contribute to the productivity gap between small and large firms. In addition, it is observed that the contribution of innovation to this gap is caused only by differences in quantity, while differences in returns have no effect; in the case of human capital, however, most of the effect can be attributed to increasing differences in returns between small and large firms.
Is the influence of quality of life on urban growth non-stationary in space? A case study of Barcelona
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Royuela Mora, Vicente; Moreno Serrano, Rosina; Vayá, Esther
There are several determinants that influence household location decisions. More concretely, recent economic literature assigns an increasingly important role to the variables governing quality of life. Nevertheless, the spatial stationarity of the parameters is implicitly assumed in most studies. Here we analyse the role of quality of life in urban economics and test for the spatial stationarity of the relationship between city growth and quality of life.
Research networks and scientific production in Economics: The recent spanish experience (WP)
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2007) Duque, Juan Carlos; Ramos Lobo, Raúl; Royuela Mora, Vicente
This paper studies Spanish scientific production in Economics from 1994 to 2004. It focuses on aspects that have received little attention in other bibliometric studies, such as the impact of research and the role of scientific collaborations in the publications produced by Spanish universities. Our results show that national research networks have played a fundamental role in the increase in Spanish scientific production in this discipline.
Patrones de publicación internacional, (ssci) de los autores afiliados a universidades españolas, en el ámbito económico-empresarial (1994-2004)
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2006) Suriñach Caralt, Jordi; Duque, Juan Carlos; Royuela Mora, Vicente
In this paper we analyse the status of scientific publications in Economics and Business in Spain (1994-2004). We focus our research in showing the preferred journals of the authors affiliated to Spanish universities, the quality of these journals and also the evolution along the decade. Throughout the paper we study deeply the areas of knowledge: which are more productive and also how the articles are distributed among Universities considering the areas of knowledge. The results show an important stability concerning the growth of published articles considering different levels of quality of journals. A second result is the important concentration in a few areas of knowledge: Fundamentals of Economic Analysis and Applied Economics. We observe a degree of specialization of several universities. Last, we display the relationship between journal publication and university’s publication pattern.
Supervised regionalization methods: A survey (WP)
(Universitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública, 2006) Duque, Juan Carlos; Ramos Lobo, Raúl; Suriñach Caralt, Jordi
This paper reviews almost four decades of contributions on the subject of supervised regionalization methods. These methods aggregate a set of areas into a predefined number of spatially contiguous regions while optimizing certain aggregation criteria. The authors present a taxonomic scheme that classifies a wide range of regionalization methods into eight groups, based on the strategy applied for satisfying the spatial contiguity constraint. The paper concludes by providing a qualitative comparison of these groups in terms of a set of certain characteristics, and by suggesting future lines of research for extending and improving these methods.

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