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Evaluating the efficacy of digitally fabricated prostheses in enhancing oral function and aesthetics among elderly patients: A clinical and colorimetric analysis
(Power System Technology, 2025-08-22) Torné Duran, Sergi
La incorporación de la tecnología digital en la odontología protésica ha revolucionado significativamente la producción de prótesis completas, especialmente en pacientes de edad avanzada. Las prótesis fabricadas digitalmente son traumáticas, con resultados funcionales y estéticos potencialmente mejores, ya que los pacientes mayores presentan casos difíciles para la rehabilitación oral. Objetivo: Este estudio analiza el rendimiento clínico y estético de las prótesis fabricadas digitalmente en términos de efectividad y mejora en la función de los pacientes de edad avanzada, con especial referencia a las mejoras funcionales y la precisión del color. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño clínico y observacional, que incorporó a personas mayores edéntulas a quienes se les colocó prótesis completas diseñadas digitalmente. Se realizaron mediciones cuantitativas para evaluar el rendimiento funcional y decorativo (pruebas de eficiencia masticatoria y medidas de resultados reportadas por el paciente [PROM], respectivamente) y la precisión colorimétrica mediante espectrofotometría y métodos estandarizados para evaluar la coincidencia de color. Este análisis estadístico se incluyó en una evaluación comparativa con los flujos de trabajo de fabricación tradicional. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una mayor satisfacción del paciente, una mayor eficiencia masticatoria en las prótesis dentales fabricadas digitalmente que en las convencionales, y una mayor precisión en la correspondencia del color. Tras pruebas de envejecimiento prematuro, la estabilidad del color no superó los límites aceptables en el ámbito clínico. Conclusión: Las prótesis fabricadas digitalmente ofrecen a los pacientes mayores una prótesis sólida, estable y visualmente atractiva. Su introducción en la odontología geriátrica está contribuyendo a mejores resultados en la rehabilitación y se integran en el futuro de la prostodoncia centrada en el paciente.
Efficacy of midazolam in outpatient pediatric dentistry: A systematic review
(Wiley, 2025-10-21) Rabassa Blanco, Judit; Cahuana-Bartra, Pau; González Chópite, Yndira; Rocha Eiroa, Maria Dolores; Ramírez Rámiz, Albert; Mashala, Elias Isaack; Brunet i Llobet, Lluís; Miranda i Rius, Jaume
Aims: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the efficacy, advantages and adverse effects of midazolam in outpatient pediatric dentistry. Methods: This review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA criteria. A systematic electronic search was conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases up to September 2024. An advanced and reproducible search strategy was used to identify relevant studies. Articles were excluded if they focused solely on midazolam as a premedication for general anesthesia or elective surgery, involving patients with special diseases. Inclusion criteria required participants aged 0-16 years, patients with behavioral and/or cooperation disorders and undergoing simple dental restorative procedures under local anesthesia, such as fillings, pulp therapies, stainless steel crowns, or basic extractions. Patients with specific medical conditions, as well as those who were not monitored for vital signs during sedation, were excluded from the study. The risk of bias assessment was analyzed using the criteria set out in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in the analysis, which were conducted across 11 countries and involved a total of 4374 children aged between 2 and 14 years. Most studies demonstrated a low risk of bias. Many of the participants were ASA I or II status and were assessed using behavioral scales, primarily the Frankl scale. Twelve adjunct drugs were combined with midazolam, and various administration routes were explored, including oral, intranasal, and buccal. Dosing protocols varied, as did fasting guidelines prior to sedation. Outcome measures included vital sign monitoring and behavioral assessments, most commonly via the Houpt and MOAA/S scales. Midazolam generally proved effective in reducing anxiety and improving cooperation, with reported benefits extending to future dental visits. Adverse effects were infrequently noted and typically mild, including nausea, vomiting, and paradoxical reactions. Conclusions: Midazolam has been shown to be an effective and safe agent for moderate sedation in pediatric dental procedures when administered orally at a dose range of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg. The evidence suggests that it reliably reduces anxiety and improves cooperation. Supervision, preferably by an anesthesiologist, is recommended when combined with other drugs to ensure patient safety.
Cytotoxicity and cytokine expression induced by silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins
(Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, 2016-07-01) Longo, Daniele Lucca; Paula-Silva, Francisco Wanderley G.; Faccioli, Lucia H.; Gatón Hernández, Patrícia; Queiroz, Alexandra Mussolino de; Silva, Léa Assed Bezerra da
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by light-cured or non-light-cured methacrylate-based and silorane composite resins in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Material and methods: Cells were stimulated with the extracts from light-cured or non-light-cured composite resins. After incubation for 24 h, cytotoxicity was assessed with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and total protein was quantified using the Lowry method. TNF-α detection was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted with cell supernatants after cell stimulation for 6, 12, and 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). Results: KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic with or without light curing (p<0.05) after 24 h of incubation. KaloreTM stimulated the early production of TNF-α in comparison with control (p<0.05), whereas FiltekTM Silorane did not affect TNF-α levels after 6 and 12 h (p>0.05). However, after 24 h FiltekTM Silorane inhibited the production of TNF-α (p<0.05). Conclusions: KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic regardless of light curing. The extract obtained from KaloreTM after 15 days of incubation stimulated the production of TNF-α, unlike that obtained from FiltekTM Silorane.
Photodithazine-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: a systematic review of efficacy and applications
(MDPI, 2025-08-20) Wiench, Rafal; Fiegler-Rudol, Jakub; Grzech-Leśniak, Kinga; Skaba, Dariusz; Arnabat Domínguez, Josep
Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global health issue exacerbated by biofilm-associated infections that often resist conventional therapies. Photodithazine-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDZ-aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative, demonstrating a broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, including those in biofilms. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of PDZ-aPDT by synthesizing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane were systematically searched, resulting in the inclusion of 13 studies for qualitative analysis. PDZ-aPDT consistently reduced the microbial burden in various models, including oral candidiasis, denture stomatitis, acne, and infections related to medical devices. Synergistic combinations with conventional antimicrobials and adjunctive therapies (e.g., DNase I) further enhanced its effectiveness. However, the evidence base remains limited by methodological variability, small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods. Future research should focus on rigorous clinical trials with standardized protocols and extended follow-up to establish definitive efficacy and safety profiles, facilitating a broader clinical implementation in combating antimicrobial resistance.
Impact of autoclaving on the dimensional stability of 3D-Printed surgical guides for aesthetic crown lengthening
(MDPI, 2025-08-02) González-Barnadas, Albert; Ribas-Garcia, Anna; Jorba García, Adrià; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Camps Font, Octavi
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of autoclaving on the dimensional stability of surgical guides (SGs) for aesthetic crown lengthening (ACL) using different resins/printing methods. Fifty SGs for ACL were printed using five different resin/printer combinations (FL, SR, ND, KS and VC). All the SGs were scanned before (T0) and after (T1) sterilization. Autoclaving was conducted at 134 °C during 4 min. The STL files of each SG at T0 and T1 were compared with the original design (TR). Dimensional stability was measured using trueness and precision. Deviations from TR to T1 were calculated in the three space axes and by measuring the area between three reference landmarks. At T0, the FL group showed the best trueness and precision, while the SR group performed significantly worse than the other groups. At T1, all the groups except VC exhibited significant dimensional alterations compared with T0. Also, VC showed the best trueness and precision values. All the groups had a significant deviation in at least one space axis, while only the SR group exhibited significant variations from T1 to TR in the area between the reference landmarks. Most of the evaluated resin/3D printer combinations suffered significant dimensional alterations after autoclaving.
Glossary of Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery and Related Terms. First Edition
(Wiley, 2025-08-11) Jorba García, Adrià; Pozzi, Alessandro; Chen, Zhuofan; Chow, James; Doliveux, Romain; Leung, Yiu Yan; Maruo, Katsuhiro; Pimkhaokham, Atiphan; Sadilina, Sofya; Siu, Adam; Vietor, Kay; Wang, Feng; Wu, Yiqun; Yi, Man; Al-Nawas, Bilal; Mattheos, Nikos; Abrahamsson, Peter; Anderud, Jonas; Arunjaroensuk, Sirida; Balmer, Mark; Bornstein, Michael; Camps Font, Octavi; Chen, Jinyan; Kai Yu, Aaron Chu; Correia, André; Couso-Queiruga, Emilio; Dittmar, Roman; Fehmer, Vincent; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Guentsch, Arndt; Hamilton, Adam; Herweg, Holger; Janda, Martin; Joda, Tim; Jung, Ronald; Kungsadalpipob, Kajorn; Kunz, Pascal; Lambert, France; Lanis, Alexander; Larsson, Christel; Malarik, Remo; Mangano, Francesco Guido; Messo, Elias; Pelekos, George; Murat Kokat, Ali; Raabe, Clemens; Rungsiyakull, Pimduen; Sailer, Irena; Shahdad, Shakeel; Stavropoulos, Andreas; Strauss, Franz; Subbalekha, Keskanya; Suwanwela, Jaijam; Tao, Baoxin; Thieringer, Florian M.; Thoma, Daniel S.; Uei, Lin Jing; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Wismeijer, Daniel; Yeo, Boon Kang Alvin; Yeo, Xin Hui
The rapid development of computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) and the respective research and clinical applications have necessitated a standardization of the terminology related not only to different devices, but also the different steps involved, surgical and presurgical procedures. The present glossary was introduced at the 1st International Team for Implantology Symposium on Computer-assisted Implant Surgery, based on the collective work of clinicians and researchers with deep understanding and experience in these technologies. The glossary was further refined and revised through the structured input of a large group of global experts within clinical application, research, and education of CAIS. The glossary includes 98 terms organized in 5 domains, aiming to clarify ambiguity and propose some standard nomenclature in the service of clinical practice, research but also development of new devices, protocols, and approaches.
Influence of implant-supported prosthesis design on peri-implant health: a cross-sectional study.
(Medicina Oral SL, 2025-08-16) Alahmari, Ahmad; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; García-García, Marta; Mir-Marí, Javier; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Sánchez Torres, Alba
Backgroun: Peri-implant diseases are common complications that may lead to dental implant failure. An adequate prosthesis design is crucial to reduce the risk of complications, and to improve peri-implant health. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of prosthesis design upon the presence of peri-implant inflammation. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with a single-unit implant-supported screw-retained crown. After removing the crowns, standardized photographs were made to assess several variables such as the length of the submucosal extension (SE) or the emergence angle (EA). Clinical signs of inflammation were also registered, and an experienced clinician probed the implants. The White (WES) and Pink Esthetic Scores (PES) were also recorded. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence (positive bleeding on probing (BoP+)) or absence (negative bleeding on probing (BoP-)) of inflammation around the dental implant. Independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 90 implants were analyzed. Fifty-two implants (57.8%) had BoP+ while 38 (42.2%) had no signs of inflammation of the peri-implant tissues (BoP-). Long SE was significantly associated with BoP+ sites. The EA did not seem to be related to the presence of inflammation (p=0.642). PES/WES showed a negative correlation with buccal EA (r=-0.227; p=0.032). Conclusions: Long submucosal extensions in single-unit implant-supported crowns seem to be associated with peri-implant tissues inflammation (BoP+). A higher emergence angle on the buccal aspect was associated with poor esthetic outcomes.
Impact of implant-abutment connection design on biological and mechanical outcomes in posterior single-tooth restorations: A randomized clinical trial
(Elsevier, 2025-07-15) Rubianes-Porta, Laura; Traver Méndez, Valeria; Ghiorghiu, Roxanna; Piera-Auguet, Jordi; Subirà Pifarré, Carles; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Camps Font, Octavi
Statement of problem: The implant-abutment interface has been identified as a key factor in preserving peri-implant marginal bone levels. However, current evidence remains insufficient to identify the most suitable connection design since most published studies fail to control critical variables such as the implant surface or design. Purpose: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to assess vertical marginal bone loss after 1 year of function of implants with identical macroscopic and microscopic designs and 3 different implant-abutment connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and conical) placed in the molar or premolar area. The secondary aims were to assess the mechanical and biological complications after 1 year of function. Material and methods: An open-label, randomized controlled trial with 3 treatment arms was carried out. Participants were assessed at implant placement, prosthesis installation, and after 1 year of loading. The main outcome variable was the distance from the implant shoulder to the marginal bone at the mesial and distal aspect of each implant. Probing depth, plaque index, and bleeding on probing, as well as mechanical or biological complications, were also assessed. A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis (linear models and binary logistic models) of the data was performed. Results: Seventy-five participants with 105 implants were consecutively enrolled and randomized to the external hexagon, internal hexagon, and conical connection groups (35 implants each). The 3 groups had similar baseline features. The distance from the implant shoulder to the marginal bone varied significantly over time (P<.001) but was similar for all groups (P=.152) and followed the same evolution pattern over time (P=.995). Seven failures in 7 participants were registered during the study (3 in external hexagon, 1 in internal hexagon, and 3 in conical connection (P=.356). Conclusions: The implant-abutment connection design did not significantly affect the changes in interproximal bone levels of posterior single-unit implant-supported crowns after 12 months of loading. Furthermore, the risk of developing biological or mechanical complications was similar for all the tested connection designs.
Comprehensive update on implants in patients with head and neck cancer (2021–2024): systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on implant survival
(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-12-01) Schiegnitz, Eik; Fan, Shengchi; Diaz, Leonardo; Sáenz-Ravello, Gustavo; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Al-Nawas, Bilal
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate implant outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy by incorporating the latest research findings. Methods: The present review was conducted to update the focused question: What is the survival rate of implants placed in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy compared to non-irradiated patients? It built upon two previous systematic reviews (2014 and 2022) and provided an updated synthesis of the literature, focusing on clinical studies published between 2021 and 2024. The earlier reviews were included in the quantitative synthesis only to offer a broader longitudinal perspective. Results: Nine studies were identified, with seven included in the quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis. The implant survival rate was significantly lower in irradiated patients (85.6%) compared to non-irradiated patients (90.0%) (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.33-1.98, p < 0.0001, I2 = 0.2%). Additionally, implant failure risk was higher in grafted bone (RR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.39-2.96, p = 0.0018, I2 = 21.9%) than in native bone. Among irradiated patients, those receiving radiochemotherapy exhibited an even greater risk of implant failure (RR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.56, p = 0.0331, I2 = 0%) compared to non-irradiated patients. Conclusions: Current evidence indicates that radiotherapy/chemotherapy significantly increases the risk of implant loss in patients with head and neck cancer, with higher radiation doses possibly being associated with increased peri-implant bone loss, while implants placed in native bone exhibit a lower risk of failure compared to those placed in grafted bone.
Improving evaluation of dentistry students in an oral surgery and implantology subject: The PIETA rubric
(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-12-01) Rosa Gay, María Cristina de la; Camps Font, Octavi; Sánchez Torres, Alba; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo
Introduction: The objectives were to design an online rubric for fourth-year Dentistry students in the subject of Clinical Oral Surgery and Implantology and to compare the results with the grades of the written exam. Material and methods: A general rubric (PIETA) was designed and started in the academic year 2022-2023, and was tested in 2023-2024. The PIETA rubric evaluated punctuality and interest, assessed with a reflective diary (PI component) and empathy, technique and autonomy (ETA component). Teachers only marked the rubric when a change was perceived, either as improvement or worsening, to avoid repetitive feedback. Final assessment of the clinical work was carried out with the last score of the rubric to enhance student engagement. Evolution of ETA scores at 3 time points (initial, intermediate and final sessions) was analysed with a generalised estimating function (GEE). Rubric scores and written exam grades were correlated with Pearson's correlation. Results: The PIETA rubric was used by 10 clinical assistants to assess 102 students in 2023-2024. The mean number of procedures evaluated was 77.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 37.0) per assistant and 7.6 (SD = 2.5) per student. The PI and ETA components showed a significant positive correlation. The ETA score significantly increased from the first to the last session (p < 0.001). While the PI component did not correlate with the written exam grades, the ETA component showed a significant positive correlation with the outcomes of the written exam in both academic years. Conclusions: The PIETA rubric is easy to use, improves transparency, reduces student complaints of unfair evaluation, and provides immediate feedback after clinical practice. The devil is in the details: feedback and frequency of evaluations should be monitored regularly.
Reconstructive therapy in patients with peri-implantitis in a university dental hospital: a preliminary retrospective case series focusing on complications
(MDPI, 2025-07-01) Alahmari, Ahmad; Costa-Berenguer, Xavier; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Sánchez Torres, Alba; García-García, Marta
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease-causing bone loss around dental implants, often requiring reconstructive surgical therapies to reduce probing depth and regenerate bone. However, such surgeries are frequently complicated by postoperative issues. This retrospective case series aimed to identify the main postoperative complications following the reconstructive treatment of peri-implant bone defects in peri-implantitis patients. Data from 14 patients with 21 affected implants were analyzed, including demographics, oral hygiene, surgical techniques, and complications such as wound dehiscence, membrane exposure, and infections. Wound dehiscence was measured using Image J® software version 1.54. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. The results showed that 11 implants (52.4%; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 29% to 76%) in nine patients (57.1%; 95%CI = 27% to 87%) developed soft tissue dehiscence after one week, with membrane exposure observed in 4 implants. Dehiscence was significantly associated with mandibular implant location (p = 0.003), poor interproximal hygiene (p = 0.008), and membrane exposure (p = 0.034). No postoperative infections were recorded. In conclusion, more than half of peri-implantitis patients undergoing reconstructive surgery experience wound dehiscence, particularly in cases involving mandible, poor hygiene, and membrane exposure. This complication might compromise bone regeneration and reduce the treatment success rate. These results should be interpreted cautiously due to study design limitations (retrospective design, lack of a control group, and small sample size).
In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days
(BioMed Central, 2025-12-01) Muguerza-Guevara, Kevin; Cortés Acha, Berta; García-García, Marta; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Soler-Ollé, Agnès; Blanc, Vanessa; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo
Introduction: The microbiota associated with peri-implant diseases has been described, though information about biofilm formation and development on dental implants remains scarce. Objectives: To analyze and compare biofilm formation and distribution at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days on experimental abutments simulating dental implants in peri-implant healthy patients. Material and methods: Experimental abutments with micro-threads and a modified rough surface were placed in healthy dental implants of 10 patients. Instructions were given not to clean the abutments for the duration of the study. Exclusion criteria included the use of antiseptics or antibiotics 30 days prior to recruitment or during the study period. After 24 h, 48 h and 7 days, the abutments were removed and stained using LIVE/DEAD stain, and two sides (buccal and palatal/lingual) and two areas (supragingival and subgingival) were assessed, with measurement of the mean biofilm covering area. Results: Twenty-nine experimental abutments placed in 10 patients were assessed. The total mean biomass coverage areas were 9.3%, 16.2% and 16.8% at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days, respectively, with significant differences being observed between 24 h and the subsequent timepoints (p < 0.05). Significantly greater supragingival biofilm coverage was observed at 7 days in comparison with the subgingival zone (21.85% versus 11.7%; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Biofilm coverage on healthy dental implants increases progressively during the first 48 h and then stabilizes. The biofilm is mainly composed of live cells in the supragingival and subgingival areas. After 7 days, the supragingival areas show significantly greater biofilm coverage.
Rapid reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines with an oral topical composition comprising olive oil, trimethylglycine and xylitol: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
(MDPI, 2025-05-21) López López, José, 1958-; Reuss, José M.; Vinuesa Aumedes, Teresa; Egido-Moreno, Sonia; Roselló Llabrés, Xavier; Pereira-Riveros, Tanya; Reuss, Debora; Alonso-Gamo, Laura; Rodríguez-Vilaboa, Beatriz
An underlying pro-inflammatory status is related to recurrence and persistence of inflammatory susceptibility in obesity and periodontitis, two of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. Elevated levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), part of the inflammatory network linking these two conditions, persist even after periodontal treatment, with high salivary cytokine levels being linked to overweight and obesity risk. This trial assessed the effect of a novel composition comprising olive oil, trimethylglycine and xylitol, delivered topically to the oral mucosa, on salivary cytokines in periodontally healthy normal and overweight/pre-obese individuals. In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial, adult patients were randomly assigned to use a test toothpaste (intervention group, IG) or a placebo toothpaste (control group, CG) three times a day for 1 month. Primary outcomes were levels of salivary cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Significant differences between IG and CG were observed for IL-1β (p = 0.003; Z = 2.901; r = 0.62) and TNF-α (p = 0.001; Z = 3.23; r = 0.69), but not for IL-4 (p = 0.203; Z = 1.321; r = 0.28). A significant reduction in IL-1β (p = 0.008) and a near significant reduction in TNF-α (p = 0.059) was found in the IG at the end of the trial. Additionally, the effect of body mass index on cytokine levels response was analyzed. A significantly different behavior was shown between IG and CG in the overweight/pre-obesity subgroup for IL-1β (p = 0.014; Z = 2.430; r = 0.63) and TNF-α (p = 0.029; Z = 2.199; r = 0.57). Moreover, a significant decrease in IL-1β in the IG (p = 0.028) was observed. The rapid reduction in IL-1β and TNF-α after 1 month of use of the intervention composition suggests a safe and effective novel strategy for reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines that may offer an opportunity to diminish the inflammatory status in patients with overweight/pre-obesity.
Knowledge of Antibiotic Management in Surgery, Periodontics and Endodontics Among Patients, Students and Dentistry Professors: A Cross-Sectional Study at the University of Barcelona (Spain)
(MDPI, 2025-03-22) Toribio Mendez, Adrian; Montero Miralles, Paloma; Egido-Moreno, Sonia; Schiavo-Di Flaviano, Verónica; González Navarro, Beatriz; López López, José
Background/Objectives: The main objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge on the use and management of antibiotics in dentistry within three different groups of interest: patients, fifth-year dental students at the University of Barcelona and professors of the faculty of dentistry of the University of Barcelona. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was carried out using questionnaires addressed to the three groups of interest: patients (n = 250), students (n = 79) and professors (n = 50). Sociodemographic questions were asked of all the groups. The professor and student questions were related to antibiotic therapy in relation to dental procedures. The patients were asked questions related to antibiotic management. Results: Regarding the patient group, there were statistically significant differences between the participants of the group; people without higher education were more likely to self-medicate (p = 0.043) or to be unaware of the adverse effects (p = 0.045). Regarding the student and professor groups, there were no significant differences in the prescription of antibiotics. Amoxicillin 750 mg was the most commonly used in patients without an allergy to Penicillin, but there were significant differences in the antibiotic of choice for those patients allergic to Penicillin, the most commonly prescribed being either Clindamycin or Azithromycin (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The study revealed a lack of uniformity in the knowledge and management of antibiotics among both students and professors, which highlights the need to improve university training in pharmacology and for professors to continue education throughout their working lives. It also indicates the need for patient health education regarding antibiotics.
Comparative accuracy of dCAIS and freehand techniques for immediate implant placement in the maxillary aesthetic zone: An in vitro study
(Elsevier, 2025-02-01) Neuschitzer, Markus; Toledano Serrabona, Jorge; Jorba García, Adrià; Bara Casaus, Javier; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of immediate implant placement in fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary aesthetic zone using a dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery system (dCAIS), with the evaluation of possible deviations versus freehand placement. Methods: A total of 18 implants were placed by an experienced surgeon in fresh extraction sockets of anterior teeth in 6 maxillary models. Nine implants were placed using the dCAIS system and 9 implants were placed using the conventional freehand technique. The following outcome parameters were measured and compared: positional deviation at entry, apex point and angular deviations between planned and placed implant position. Surgery time was measured for each procedure. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed on all outcome parameters. Results: Global entry deviations were not significantly different between the two techniques (p = 0.078). dCAIS resulted in significantly more accurate implant placement in terms of global apex deviation with values of 1.28±0.36 mm and angular deviations with values of 1.29±0.64°, compared to 2.06±0.60 mm and 5.05±2.54° with freehand placement (p < 0.001). The dental implant placement time was approximately three times longer when using dCAIS (10.99 ± 3.43 min) versus freehand (3.25± 0.63 min) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: dCAIS achieved more precise immediate implant placement in terms of apex deviation and angulation than freehand placement, but increased the surgery time. Clinical significance: dCAIS provides greater accuracy in the placement of immediate implants in the maxillary aesthetic zone following prosthetic-driven digital planning compared to freehand surgery.
Prosthetic assessment in cleft lip and palate: a case report with oro-nasal communication
(Medicina Oral SL, 2006-11-01) Sala-Martí, Silvia; Merino-Tessore, M. Dolores; Escuin Henar, Tomás J. (Tomás José)
The cleft lip and palate patient is mainly characterized by the presence of an oronasal communication, malformation or agenesis of the teeth close to the cleft, and deficient sagittal and transverse growth of the maxilla. These patients require various treatments involving a multidisciplinary team, which may include a maxillofacial surgeon, an orthodontist, a speech therapist, a paediatrician, a general dentist, a prosthodontist, an ENT specialist, a psychologist and all those professionals who can help provide functional, aesthetic and psychological improvement. This report describes a case of prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with cleft lip and palate and an oronasal fistula (communication) following surgery. Different prosthetic treatments are described, with emphasis being placed on the approach chosen after to discuss the various limitations which arose.
Association Between Oral Lichen Planus and Thyroid Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
(MDPI, 2025-04-30) Rodríguez Fernández, Stephanie; Egido-Moreno, Sonia; Rodríguez Fernández, Sharon; Valls Roca-Umbert, Joan; Vidal-Bel, August; Blanco Carrión, Andrés; López López, José, 1958-
Background: In recent years, various authors have suggested a potential association between oral lichen planus (OLP) and thyroid disease (TD), although other studies have failed to confirm a significant relationship. The available literature presents inconsistent and sometimes contradictory findings. Additionally, other conditions-such as anxiety and depression, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia-have also been linked with OLP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 120 participants, comprising 60 patients diagnosed with OLP and 60 controls. Medical histories related to TD and other comorbidities were collected for both groups. Results: The prevalence of TD among the OLP patients was 20%, compared to 6.7% in the control group. The most frequently observed thyroid disorder was hypothyroidism, identified in 13.3% of the patients with OLP. Statistically, there was a moderate probability of an association between OLP and TD (p = 0.054). No statistically significant associations were found between OLP and hypertension (p = 0.378), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.550), dyslipidemia (p = 0.562), anxiety (p = 0.959), or depression (p = 0.532). Conclusions: Although the association between OLP and TD remains inconclusive, our findings suggest a moderate statistical probability of a relationship.
Factors affecting expansion predictability of clear aligner treatment
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-04-21) Rosa Gay, María Cristina de la; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Figueiredo, Rui; Camps Font, Octavi
ObjectivesTo determine the clinical factors associated with expansion predictability using clear aligners.Materials and methodsPretreatment, prediction in the first approved ClinCheck, and pretreatment of the first refinement digital casts were recovered from Invisalign's ClinCheck software for 98 patients with permanent dentition. Arch width measurements were collected in the ClinCheck arch width table for canines, first and second premolars, and first molars. Expansion predictability was calculated by subtracting the expansion achieved from that predicted. Expansion predictors were explored using univariate and multivariate generalized linear mixed models (GLMM).ResultsNinety-eight patients (mean age 48.7 years, standard deviation [SD] = 12.5 years) with 1440 eligible teeth (720 on each side) were assessed. The absolute difference between planned and achieved expansion was 0.92 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.99). While 72.2% of the measurements showed some degree of underexpansion, 79.3% of all overcorrections appeared in the mandible. According to the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated with expansion predictability: sex, arch, presence of posterior crossbite, absence of extractions, placement of attachments, absence of stripping, tooth type and higher predicted expansion. Those identified by GLMM were arch, tooth type, amount of predicted expansion and posterior crossbite.ConclusionsExpansion with Invisalign aligners is more reliable in the lower jaw and in the canine region. Cases with large, planned expansions or initial posterior crossbites (unilateral or bilateral) seem less predictable.Clinical relevanceThe risk of not achieving the planned expansion is greater in the maxilla, posterior teeth, and when crossbite is present.
The BruxChecker system for quantitatively assessing sleep bruxism at the dental level: reliability, reference values and methodological considerations
(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-04-17) Ustrell-Barral, Mireia; Zamora Olave, Carla; Khoury-Ribas, Laura; Rovira Lastra, Bernat; Martínez Gomis, Jordi
Background: There is a need for reliable instruments that can quantitatively assess sleep bruxism at the dental level. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the test–retest reliability of the occlusal peeled area using the BruxChecker, the methodological aspects that affect this reliability, and the reference values in a population of dental students. Methods: Eighty-four dental students participated in this test–retest study (median age, 21.7 years; 74 women). A BruxChecker was worn for 3 consecutive nights and scanned after each night in the plaster model and by transillumination. The relative and absolute peeled areas were measured using the FIJI software, and BruxChecker perforation was determined visually. Reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's kappa. Results: The absolute and relative peeled areas of the BruxChecker by transillumination after 2 or 3 nights provided the highest ICC values, which ranged from 0.918 to 0.929. BruxChecker perforation was present in 45% of the participants, with a kappa value of 0.777. The respective median peeled areas were 84.3 mm2 and 9.9% for the absolute and relative values after using the BruxChecker for three nights. Ranges for the 10th–90th percentiles were 4.7%–17.0% and 39.4%–143.4 mm2, respectively. Conclusions: The BruxChecker system demonstrates excellent reliability in measuring the occlusal peeled area in the studied population. This study proposes reference values for absolute and relative peeled areas after using the BruxChecker for three nights and scanning by transillumination.
Microbiological analysis of primary molars restored with stainless steel crowns compared to healthy molars
(MDPI, 2025-05-31) Rubio Pérez, Andrea; Pereira-Riveros, Tanya; Boj Quesada, Juan Ramón; Vinuesa Aumedes, Teresa
One of the best restorative treatment options for large carious lesions is the placement of stainless-steel crowns (SSC), but there are few studies evaluating if there is any change in the microbiota in teeth restored with SSCs. In order to asses if any difference exists, 33 children between 4 and 10 years were studied. One primary molar restored with an SSC as well as one healthy primary molar were selected from each child. Subgingival plaque was collected with a curette and cultured on horse blood agar (Columbia) and selective and nonselective media. A quantitative analysis was performed by means of the counting of the colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) grown in the nonselective media and compared with the bacterial load measured by means of a 16S qPCR with bacterial universal primers. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the results. No significant differences were observed in the total 16S qPCR according to sample type. Streptococci were observed in all the studied children. Porphyromonas gingivalis was observed in 18% of patients and Prevotella intermedia in 42%. Campylobacter was observed in 81% and Neisseria in 88%. C. albicans was observed in only one patient. No significant differences were found between both groups. Part of the child population studied had anaerobic bacteria. There is no clear association between the presence of periodontopathogens and SSC.

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