Llibres / Capítols de llibre (Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC))

URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/173272

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    Sensor systems
    (2020-09-18) Marco Colás, Santiago; Haick, Hossam; Vishinkin, Rotem; Di Natale, Corrado
    This chapter introduces the topic of detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via nanomaterial-based sensors for health applications. Sensors are fast and relatively inexpensive tools for noninvasive diagnostics of health status by the detection of VOCs excreted from human breath or different body fluids and tissues, and they can be used to determine the volatilomic print of an individual. Utilization of the knowledge on different chemical families toward tuning sensor approaches is demonstrated. The chapter introduces the approach of semiselective/cross-reactive sensors for VOC detection and its advantages compared to selective sensor approaches. Different sensor technologies are reviewed, and it is shown that they are capable of easy adaptation in the field. As sensor systems provide high-dimensional outputs when applied to volatilomic analysis, predictive models for diagnosis are an integral part of the analysis. The chapter reviews current developments and future advancements of nanomaterial-based sensors and assesses the hidden difficulties in developing machine learning models for volatilome applications, offering recommended best practices for model validation and assessment.
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    Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem sells for the generation of high-order kidney organoids
    (Springer Nature, 2020-12-20) Selfa, Idoia Lucía; Gallo, Maria; Montserrat, Núria; Garreta, Elena
    Our understanding in the inherent properties of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have made possible the development of differentiation procedures to generate three-dimensional tissue-like cultures, so-called organoids. Here we detail a stepwise methodology to generate kidney organoids from hPSCs. This is achieved through direct differentiation of hPSCs in two-dimensional monolayer culture toward the posterior primitive streak fate, followed by induction of intermediate mesoderm-committed cells, which are further aggregated and cultured in three-dimensions to generate kidney organoids containing segmented nephron-like structures in a process that lasts 20 days. We also provide a concise description on how to assess renal commitment during the time course of kidney organoid generation. This includes the use of flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry analyses for the detection of specific renal differentiation markers.