Llibres / Capítols de llibre (Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica)
URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://diposit.ub.edu/handle/2445/21586
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Part del llibrePractical Quality Control: the Experiences of a Public Health Laboratory(IntechOpen, 2011-11) Centrich, Francesc; Subirana, Teresa; Granados i Juan, Mercè; Companyó Beltrán, RamónIn the 1930’s W.A. Shewhart pioneered the application of statistical principles to the quality control (QC) of production processes, eventually publishing the landmark book “Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Products” (Shewhart, 1931). In this book, he states that a phenomenon is under control if its future variation can be predicted (within limits) based on previous experience. This is precisely the idea behind the control charts used in measurement processes—specifically, for chemical analysis. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), in its standard ISO 9000 (ISO, 2005a), defines quality control as “the part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements”. According to the standard, quality management also includes quality planning, quality assurance and quality improvement. The above definition is rather vague, because quality management systems based on the ISO 9000 family of standards can be applied to any kind of organization regardless of its field of activity, its size or whether it is from the public or private sectors. Testing laboratories typically distinguish between internal and external QC. In this context, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC, 1998) gives a definition of internal QC that is well-suited to an analytical laboratory: “the set of procedures undertaken by laboratory staff for the continuous monitoring of operation and the results of measurements in order to decide whether results are reliable enough to be released”. Although the aforementioned document does not formally define external QC, it does mention that external control may be done by submitting blind samples to the measuring laboratory. This activity can be organized in the form of a collaborative test...- Part del llibreCurrent Trends in Sample Treatment Techniques for Environmental and Food Analysis(IntechOpen, 2012-10-24) Lucci, Paolo; Pacetti, Deborah; Núñez Burcio, Oscar; Frega, Natale G.Nowadays, there is a growing need for applications in food and environmental areas able to cope with the analysis of a large number of analytes in very complex matrices [1]. The new analytical procedures demand sensitivity, robustness, effectiveness and high resolution with reduced analysis time. Many of these requirements may be met to a certain extent by the total or partial automation of the conventional analytical methods, including sample preparation or sample pre-treatment coupled on-line to the analytical system. Furthermore, the recent use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for environmental and food chemical analysis has increased the overall sample throughput and laboratory efficiency without loss (and even with an improvement) of resolution obtained by conventional HPLC systems...
- LlibreUna Mirada nueva a la química experimental de bachillerato(Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2010) Centellas Masuet, Francesc A.; Corbella i Cordomí, Montserrat; Fernàndez Novell, Josep M. (Josep Maria); Fonrodona Baldajos, Gemma; Fusté, Roser; González Azón, María del Carmen; Granell Sanvicente, Jaime Ramón; Nicolás Galindo, Ernesto; Paraira, MiquelEn esta publicación se proponen once prácticas de laboratorio relacionadas con distintos temas de los programas de química del bachillerato. Los experimentos se han diseñado de modo que, sin renunciar al rigor científico, resulten amenos y fácilmente comprensibles para los estudiantes. Se destacan también las aplicaciones de los productos obtenidos y su relación con la vida cotidiana. Se ha intentado que el volumen de residuos generados sea mínimo o, en su caso, se han planteado procedimientos para recuperar los productos obtenidos. Además, se ha hecho especial hincapié en las normas de seguridad personal y ambiental que el alumno debe seguir en todo momento en el laboratorio.
- Part del llibreCryptosporidium sp. in public swimming pools in Barcelona(Transworld Research Network, 2011) Gómez López, María Soledad; Gracenea Zugarramurdi, Mercedes; Ángel Ripoll, Laia; Beneyto, VicençThe presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in swimming pools in Barcelona was studied. The possible influence of the different parameters related to water conditions, pool structure and users has also been analyzed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 54% of the swimming pools analyzed and in 85% of the sport centers checked. Oocysts concentrations ranged from 0 to 30 oocysts/L. Among parameters related to water conditions, there was no relationship between oocyst presence and water pH, but the influence of temperature was statistically significant (p"MENOR QUE"0.05) (¿2=0.024). Among parameters related to pool structure, the filter backwash water samples revealed a higher percentage of parasitation (58.8%) than the prefilter ones (42.9%). With the medium volume pools (100-500 m3), the percentage was higher (80%). Covered and uncovered pools presented similar prevalences for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Looking at two of the user related parameters, swimming pools with more users and children's swimming pools showed