Articles publicats en revistes (Odontoestomatologia)

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Clinical Severity, Pre- and Post-Explantation Cytokine Profile and SEM/EDX-Defined Corrosion-Related Findings in Advanced Peri-Implantitis: Preliminary Results from the PERI-EDU Prospective Exploratory Clinical Study
(MDPI, 2026-08-11) Dominiak, Marzena; Baranowska, Alicja; Matys, Jacek; Pitułaj, Artur; Sterczała, Barbara; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Alves, Ricardo Castro; Papi, Piero; Romeo, Umberto; Simka, Wojciech; Maciej, Artur; Kensy, Julia; Kubasiewicz-Ross, Paweł
Background: Peri-implantitis is a chronic condition that reflects an interaction between local tissue destruction, systemic inflammation and corrosion-related implant alterations. This preliminary prospective exploratory clinical study aimed to characterize the systemic cytokine profile of patients with advanced peri-implantitis requiring explantation and to explore associations between clinical severity, cytokine behavior and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX)-defined corrosion-related findings. Methods: Thirteen patients with active advanced peri-implantitis were included. Probing depth and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based bone loss were assessed at four implant surfaces. Peripheral blood was collected before and 4 weeks after explantation. Serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and fibrinogen were analyzed. Explanted implants underwent SEM/EDX assessment and were classified according to the presence or absence of SEM/EDX-defined corrosion-related findings. Results: IL-6 showed the strongest and most consistent associations with clinical and radiographic severity, whereas hsCRP and fibrinogen were not similarly related. Cytokines did not show a uniform post-explantation decrease after explantation. SEM/EDX-defined corrosion-related findings were not associated with higher baseline cytokines, but exploratory subgroup analysis suggested a divergent TNF-α trajectory. Conclusions: These findings suggest that IL-6 may reflect the clinical inflammatory burden of advanced peri-implantitis, while corrosion-related findings may be associated with post-explantation TNF-α behavior. Larger controlled studies are required.
Failures and complications associated with resorbable and non-resorbable membranes in guided bone regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Medicina Oral SL, 2026-07-01) Sánchez Cousiño, Daniela; Egido-Moreno, Sonia; González Navarro, Beatriz; Ortega Mejia, Holmes; Blanco, Albert; López-Olóriz, Jorge
Background: Patients treated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) may be treated using resorbable or non-resorbable membranes, which differ in their efficacy, failures and complication profiles. The objective is to evaluate the efficacy and failures and complications of resorbable membranes versus non-resorbable membranes in patients undergoing guided bone regeneration (GBR). A search was conducted until July 31, 2025. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing both types of membrane in ROG were the eligibility criteria. Material and Methods: Data collection and risk of bias assessment (RoB 2.0) were performed. Primary endpoints included bone regeneration efficacy and membrane-associated complications. Results: Twenty-five RCTs with a total of 684 patients were included. Most studies reported a high success rate for both types of membranes. However, non-resorbable membranes had a higher incidence of complications, such as membrane exposure (up to 71%), dehiscence and infections. Conclusions: Both types of membranes are effective for ROG, they should be chosen according to the defect and type of patient. Resorbable membranes have a lower complication rate and non-resorbable membranes offer greater dimensional stability and the need to perform a second surgery for its removal.
Cross-sectional validation of a preoperative multidimensional assessment tool for third molar extraction using machine learning.
(Medicina Oral SL, 2026-09-01) Sánchez Torres, Alba; Arias-Huerta, X.; Pérez Iglesias, Brais; Gómez Reig, Elvira; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Conejero, J. Alberto; Gay Escoda, Cosme
Background: This study aimed to assess the correlation between a preoperative difficulty assessment form and surgerytime in third molar extractions. Secondary aims included analyzing the relationship between the form’s globalscore and surgical technique, surgeon-perceived difficulty, and postoperative complications. Machine learning modelswere also explored.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients requiring a third molar extraction betweenApril 2022 and May 2023, operated by students of the master's degree in Oral Surgery and Implantology (Universityof Barcelona, Spain). Three previously calibrated investigators completed the preoperative difficulty evaluation form,which included clinical, radiological and surgical variables. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed usingthe Stata/IC 15.1. Machine learning models were applied to predict surgery time and surgeon-perceived difficulty.Results: A total of 205 patients, 75 males (36.6%) and 130 females (63.4%), with a mean age of 28.5±14.1 years wereincluded; 49 (23.9%) were upper and 156 (76.1%) lower third molars. The global score of the form was significantlycorrelated to surgery time (Spearman's rho=0.640; P<0.001), perceived difficulty (Spearman's rho=0.395; P<0.001)and the surgical technique according to Parant’s classification (P<0.001). Postoperative complications were associatedto higher scores on the difficulty evaluation form (P=0.012).Conclusions: The preoperative assessment form is a valid tool for estimating third molar extraction difficulty. Its globalscore is positively associated with surgery time, perceived difficulty, surgical technique, and postoperative complications.Machine learning models showed better performance at modeling surgery time than surgical difficulty.
Importance of magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of pleomorphic parotid adenoma. Clinical case series
(Medicina Oral SL, 2026) Paz Expósito, José; Monsalve Guil, Loreto; Egido-Moreno, Sonia; Jiménez Guerra, Alvaro; Lopez-Lopez, José; Velasco Ortega, Eugenio; Ortiz-Garcia, Ivan
Background: Parotid tumours account for approximately 3% of head and neck neoplasms, of which nearly 80% are benign. The most common being the Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA). Our objective was to analyze the morphological characteristics of the PA by Magnetic Resonance (MRI scan) and how it behaves in advanced diffusion (ADC-Apparent Diffusion Coefficient- value) and perfusion sequences. Material and Methods: Descriptive and inter-observer study of patients with a suspected PA diagnosis in an MRI scan and subsequent histological confirmation. All studies were carried out with the same MRI. The MRI protocol included enhanced sequences in T1 (T1W), T2 (T2W) diffusion study (DWI) and enhanced sequences in T1 with fat saturation (T1W FS) after injecting the contrast. Results: Of 113 patients that underwent magnetic resonance imaging due to a palpable nodule in the parotid region, a radiological diagnosis of Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) was established in 56 patients. Thirteen were excluded due to a prior histopathological diagnosis, 39 of the 43 cases with suspected PA were confirmed (90.67%). They were morphologically well-defined homogeneous tumors, with an average value of high ADC (1.85x10-3mm2/s) and a type A perfusion curve (associated to benignity). The inter-observer concordance was 100%. Conclusions: PAs show typical morphological characteristics in an MRI scan. In case of diagnostic doubt, the diffusion and perfusion sequences help establish a definitive diagnosis.
Clinical Strategies to Improve the Accuracy of Articulating Paper for Detecting Occlusal Contact Points in Adults with Natural Dentitions
(MDPI, 2026-05-10) Rovira Lastra, Bernat; ElOtmani Sabiri, Sanaa; Ustrell-Barral, Mireia; Khoury-Ribas, Laura; Martínez Gomis, Jordi
Background/Objectives: This clinical study assessed the validity of articulating paper for detecting occlusal contacts points, including examining the effects of clinical technique, paper thickness, and the arch. Methods: This cross-sectional test–retest study included 32 adults with natural dentitions. Four occlusal registrations were obtained from each participant using articulating paper with a thickness of 100 or 200 μm, applying one of two different clinical techniques (holding in place or pulling with forceps at the intercuspal position), and scanning the occlusal surfaces of their mandibular and maxillary arches. Silicone registrations were obtained and used as the reference standard. Mandibular and maxillary images were scaled and calibrated spatially, and two new images were created based on the sum or the areas of coincidence between the mandibular and maxillary occlusal scheme. Occlusal contact points on the right posterior teeth were analyzed using computer software. Results: The articulating paper produced true-positive contacts in 81% and false-positive contacts in 15%, regardless of the method used. Considering occlusal contact when marks matched on both arches accounted for 2.0% of false-positive contact points. General linear models with repeated measures revealed that the mandibular arch offered a higher true-positive percentage than the maxillary arch, that the 100 µm-thick paper produced higher false-positive contacts (20.6%) than the 200 µm-thick paper (9.4%), and that the pulling technique had no significant effect. Conclusions: Articulating paper offers good validity when detecting occlusal contact points and can be improved by using 200 µm articulating paper and exploring both arches.
Vertical and Horizontal Ridge Augmentation with Titanium-Reinforced Dense PTFE and Reinforced PTFE Mesh: A Prospective Comparative Case Series
(MDPI, 2026-05-07) Silva, Liliana Andrea; Gomes, Pedro Sousa; Fernandes, Maria Helena; García García, Marta; Camps Font, Octavi
Objectives: This study aimed to compare vertical bone gain (VBG) and horizontal bone gain (HBG) after guided bone regeneration using titanium-reinforced dense PTFE (TiR-dPTFE) versus reinforced PTFE mesh (RPM) at 9 and 12 months on three-dimensional tomographic imaging, and to perform histological assessment in selected cases. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative case series included 14 patients (46 vertical ridge defect sites) treated with guided bone regeneration using either Ti-reinforced dPTFE membranes (TiR-dPTFE; n = 23) or resorbable porcine collagen membranes (RPM; n = 23). All sites received a 60:40 mixture of autogenous bone chips and anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM). After 9 months, during implant placement, a protective secondary augmentation using a 70:30 ABBM/autogenous mixture was performed and covered with a collagen membrane. Vertical and horizontal bone gain (VBG, HBG) were assessed on standardized matched CBCT cross-sections obtained at 9 and 12 months. Core biopsies were harvested at implant placement (9 months) for histological evaluation. Surgical and healing complications were recorded. Results: Both membranes produced significant VBG. TiR-dPTFE achieved greater VBG than RPM at 9 months (p = 0.045) and 12 months (p = 0.012) and remained stable from 9 to 12 months, whereas RPM showed a significant decline over time (MDa −0.48 mm; 95% CI −0.64 to −0.31; p < 0.001). HBG was similar between groups at both time points (p = 0.918 and p = 0.922). No major clinical complications occurred. Histology at 9 months confirmed vital bone formation and graft integration in both groups. Conclusions: Both TiR-dPTFE and RPM are reliable options for vertical ridge augmentation; TiR-dPTFE yielded superior and more stable vertical gains over 12 months, with comparable horizontal outcomes. Clinical Relevance: TiR-dPTFE may offer enhanced vertical augmentation, while both membranes remain suitable for implant site development.
Risk of orofacial injuries and mouthguard use in water polo players
(John Wiley & Sons, 2018-12-01) Zamora Olave, Carla; Willaert, Eva; Montero Blesa, Ariadna; Riera-Punet, Nina; Martínez Gomis, Jordi
Background/aim: The incidence of orofacial injuries and the use of mouthguards in water polo players have not been well established. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of orofacial injuries in water polo players. Frequency of mouthguard use, the types of mouthguards used and the degree of interference with oral functions were also assessed. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 347 water polo players completed a questionnaire about the orofacial injuries suffered in the 2015-2016 season and the experience of using a mouthguard, such as the type of mouthguard used and the degree of interference with oral functions. Results: In the 2015-2016 season, 57.9% of the players reported at least one orofacial injury, with mean numbers of 2.7 oral lacerations, 0.4 episodes of temporomandibular pain and 0.06 dental injuries. Among the 35 players (10.1%) who had tried a mouthguard, only four (1.2%) used it habitually. Some players had tried more than one type of mouthguard; 26 had tried the mouth-formed type; 11 the custom-made type; and 7 the prefabricated mouthguard. Custom-made mouthguards were rated as more comfortable than the mouth-formed type (P < 0.05). The main disadvantages of mouth-formed mouthguards were interferences with speaking, breathing and swallowing. Conclusions: The incidence of orofacial injuries in water polo players is high. Although some players had tried a mouthguard, mainly the mouth-formed type, most of them do not wear them routinely for training and competition.
Satisfaction of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with an oral appliance for managing oral self-biting injuries and alterations in their masticatory system: A case series study
(Elsevier, 2019-04-01) Riera-Punet, Nina; Martínez Gomis, Jordi; Zamora Olave, Carla; Willaert Jiménez-Pajarero, Eva; Peraire Ardèvol, Maria
Statement of problem: About 10% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are candidates for oral treatment specifically because of traumatic injuries in the lips, cheeks, or tongue due to self-biting. However, patients with ALS have a prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) similar to that in the general population. Purpose: The purpose of this case-series study was to determine the degree of satisfaction of patients with ALS with an oral appliance for managing oral self-biting lesions or symptoms related to TMDs. This study also assessed the degree of improvement of the chief complaint and the compliance with and adverse effects of this treatment. Material and methods: Eleven patients with ALS who sought oral treatment because of oral self-biting or TMD-related symptoms were included. A custom complete-coverage acrylic resin device was fabricated and fitted to each participant. A follow-up visit was planned for 3 months after the placement of the oral appliance, at which point the patients would rate the degree of improvement or worsening of the chief complaint and their degree of satisfaction with the treatment. A 1-sample t test was used to assess whether the degree of improvement of the chief complaint was significant. Results: Participants reported a mean of 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38% to 84%) improvement of the chief complaint and a mean of 84% (95% CI 72% to 97%) satisfaction with the treatment. The mean rate of compliance was 62% (95% CI 40% to 84%) of the recommended time, and only a few adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Participants with ALS were highly satisfied with the use of an oral appliance to manage oral self-biting or TMD-related symptoms. Adherence to this treatment was high, and no major adverse effects were observed.
Cost-effectiveness of short implants (6–8.5 mm) compared to regular length implants (> 10 mm) with bone regeneration in posterior atrophic mandible: a 8-year microsimulation model
(BioMed Central, 2026-07-10) Sáenz-Ravello, Gustavo; Baeza, Mauricio; Fan, Shengchi; Rosa Gay, María Cristina de la; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Mattheos, Nikos
Background: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of short implants (6–8.5 mm) placed without guided bone regeneration (GBR) vs. regular length implants (> 10 mm) placed with vertical GBR for the rehabilitation of the posterior atrophic mandible (Seibert type II defects). Methods: A discrete-time state-transition microsimulation model was developed to compare two strategies over an 8-year horizon from a private-payer perspective. Clinical inputs were extracted from a recent meta-analysis of randomized trials, while unit costs were obtained from publicly available Chilean fee schedules and converted to 2025 USD using purchasing power parity. Outcomes included implant survival, biological and prosthetic complications, summarized as implant-years (IY) and complication-free IY (CFIY) as a stricter secondary measure. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Uncertainty was addressed through one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis (OWSA), and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA, 2,000 iterations). Results: Over an 8-year horizon, short implants were associated with lower mean costs (USD 3,662 vs. 6,030) and modestly greater effectiveness (6.77 vs. 6.49 IY; 6.71 vs. 6.27 CFIY) compared with regular-length implants with GBR, yielding incremental savings of USD 2,367 and incremental gains of 0.28 IY and 0.44 CFIY. OWSA identified initial implant costs as the most influential parameters. PSA across 2,000 iterations corroborated these findings, with the great majority of simulations falling in the south-east quadrant of the cost-effectiveness plane. Conclusions: Within the Chilean private-payer setting and over an 8-year horizon, single-tooth short implants (6–8.5 mm) placed without GBR were cost-saving and at least non-inferior in effectiveness compared with regular-length implants with vertical GBR for the posterior atrophic mandible. This cost advantage remained consistent across deterministic, probabilistic, and scenario analyses, although transferability to other settings requires re-estimation using local cost structures.
Effect of a Probiotic Combination on Clinical and Microbiological Oral Parameters in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial
(MDPI, 2025-07-25) Pereira-Riveros, Tanya; Jané Salas, Enric; Lozano Borbalas, Alicia; Rodrigo Aguilera, Felipe; Vinuesa Aumedes, Teresa
Patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy frequently experience xerostomia and disturbances in the oral bacterial balance, which can significantly impair their quality of life. This study investigated whether a 30-day daily intake of a probiotic combination could enhance salivary function and reduce disease-associated oral bacteria. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either probiotics or a placebo. By the end of the intervention, those in the probiotic group showed notable improvements in stimulated salivary flow and a reduction in overall bacterial counts, particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum. These results suggest that probiotics may represent a safe and effective approach to prevent or mitigate radiotherapy-induced oral complications. This study highlights the potential role of probiotics as a simple and supportive measure to improve oral health and overall well-being during cancer treatment recovery.
Comparative study on the anesthetic efficacy between Articaine 4% and Lidocaine 2% in blocking the included lower third molars.
(Medicina Oral SL, 2007-03-01) Sierra Rebolledo, Alejandro; Delgado Molina, Esther; Berini Aytés, Leonardo; Gay Escoda, Cosme
Background: A comparative study is made of the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lidocaine, both with epinephrine 1:100,000, in truncal block of the inferior alveolar nerve during the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Study design: A randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted of 30 patients programmed for the bilateral surgical extraction of symmetrical lower third molars in the context of the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology (University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain). Following the obtainment of informed consent, two operators performed surgery on an extemporaneous basis, using as local anesthetic 4% articaine or 2% lidocaine with the same concentration of vasoconstrictor (epinephrine 1:100,000). The study variables for each anesthetic were: latency (time to action) and duration of anesthetic effect, the amount of anesthetic solution used, and the need of re-anesthetize the surgical zone. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain during surgery, and thus subjectively evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of the two solutions. Results: Statistically significant differences (p = 0.003) were observed in the mean duration of anesthetic effect (220.86 min. for 4% articaine vs. 168.20 min. for 2% lidocaine). Latency, the amount of anesthetic solution and the need to re-anesthetize the surgical field showed clinical differences in favor of articaine, though statistical significance was not reached. The pain scores indicated similar anesthetic efficacy with both solutions. Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that 4% articaine offers better clinical performance than 2% lidocaine, particularly in terms of latency and duration of the anesthetic effect. However, no statistically significant differences in anesthetic efficacy were recorded between the two solutions.
Colour perception screening and shade-matching performance among undergraduate dental students: an exploratory observational study
(Springer Nature, 2026-07-14) Torné Duran, Sergi
Background: Visual shade selection remains widely used in restorative and prosthetic dentistry and is influenced by interobserver variability, illumination conditions, and individual visual factors. However, the relationship between colour perception screening findings and shade-matching performance in undergraduate dental students remains insufficiently explored. Objective: To assess colour perception screening findings and shade-matching performance among undergraduate dental students using the Ishihara test and practical shade-selection tasks. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted including 80 fourth- and fifth-year dental students enroled in the prosthodontics course at the University of Barcelona during the 2017–2018 academic year. Colour perception was screened using the Ishihara 24-plate test. Shade-matching performance was evaluated through two practical tasks: pairing corresponding tabs from two Chromascop shade guides and selecting the reference shade of a ceramic crown. Incorrect responses, shade-selection discrepancies, and completion time were recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate tests selected according to the type of variable and expected cell frequencies. Results: Eighty students participated in the study (33.75% male, 66.25% female). Ishihara screening findings compatible with colour vision deficiency were observed in 2.5% of participants, while isolated incorrect plate responses were observed in a larger proportion of students. Shade-matching discrepancies were frequent in both practical tasks. Self-reported ophthalmological conditions were associated with a higher number of shade-selection discrepancies (p < 0.05). Longer completion times tended to be associated with more discrepancies, although this association was not statistically significant. No significant differences were observed according to sex. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this exploratory study, shade-matching discrepancies were common among undergraduate dental students and were not limited to participants with Ishihara screening findings compatible with colour vision deficiency. These findings support the relevance of structured training in colour science and shade selection during prosthodontic education. Further studies using standardized perceptual and instrumental reference methods are needed.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome: a case report
(Medicina Oral SL, 2007-10-01) Grau Carbó, Joaquim; López Jiménez, Julián; Giménez Prats, Mª José; Sánchez Molins, Meritxell
Cornelia de Lange is a genetic syndrome which affects between 1/10.000 and 1/60.000 neonates, but its genetic bases are still not clear. Its principal clinical characteristics are the delay in growth and development, hirsute, structural anomalies in the limbs and distinctive facial characteristic. Dental problems are frequent and include: ogival palate, micrognathia, dental malalignment, delayed teething, microdontic teeth, periodontal disease and dental erosion produced by gastric reflux. Discussed is the case of a 29 year old patient affected by the syndrome in question, which presents the principal clinical characteristics. The patient s general state of health is acceptable, without cardiac or respiratory alterations. The intraoral exploration shows policaries, periodontal disease, persistence of the temporal teeth and ectopic molars. After completing the necessary pre-operatory preparations, the entire odontological treatment was carried out under general aesthesia, due to the patient s total lack of collaboration.
Tumor de células granulares: Presentación de 8 casos con localización intraoral
(Medicina Oral SL, 2006-09) Eguia, Asier; Uribarri, Agurne; Gay Escoda, Cosme; Crovetto, Miguel Angel; Martínez Conde, Rafael; Aguirre Urízar, José Manuel
El Tumor de células granulares es una neoplasia de origen controvertido que puede aparecer en múltiples localizaciones corporales, incluyendo la región orofacial. El comportamiento de este infrecuente tumor es benigno en la mayor parte de los casos, aunque en ocasiones puede presentar agresividad local e incluso malignidad con afectación a distancia. Su etiología es actualmente solo parcialmente conocida y ha generado controversia desde sus primeras descripciones teorizando sobre un origen muscular, conectivo, etc o neural. En este trabajo se presentan 8 casos clínicos con localización intraoral, correspondientes a 5 mujeres y 3 hombres, con una edad media de 36,1 años y en los que la localización principal fue la lengua (75%) y el tiempo medio de evolución de las lesiones fue de 8,3 meses. En todos los casos se realizó una exéresis de la lesión bajo anestesia local, con márgenes de seguridad adecuados y las muestras fueron procesadas para su estudio histopatológico. Los principales aspectos clinicopatológicos y diagnósticos en relación con esta patología son revisados y discutidos.
Elements apex locator
(Ediciones Peldaño, 2004-09) Pumarola Suñé, José
En la actualidad no se concibe determinar la longitud de trabajo sin el apoyo de los localizadores electrónicos de ápice. Desde que Suzuki, en 1942, comprobó que la resistencia eléctrica entre el periodonto y la mucosa oral eran constantes, los localizadores han evolucionado constantemente, marcando en cada etapa una generación distinta.
Implantología monofásica. Una herramienta más en Rehabilitación oral
(Ediciones Peldaño, 2023-06-16) Polis-Yanes, Carlos; Cadenas Sebastián, Carla; Lopez-Lopez, José; Ayuso Montero, Raúl
Los implantes monofásicos, o monobloque, suponen una herramienta clásica en rehabilitación del paciente edéntulo. Históricamente la investigación científica y las publicaciones se han centrado en los implantes que podemos conocer como convencionales, pero existe cierta tendencia al alza a la rehabilitación con este tipo de implantes. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de arcadas completas rehabilitadas con implantes monofásicos y prótesis fija tipo 1 (PF1).
Diagnóstico, pronóstico y prevención de la caries de la primera infancia
(Ediciones Peldaño, 2017-12-18) Hernández Juyol, Miguel
La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) establece que las enfermedades bucodentales comparten factores de riesgo con cuatro enfermedades crónicas importantes: las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el cáncer, las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y la diabetes, porque se ven favorecidas por las dietas no saludables, el tabaco y el consumo nocivo de alcohol; otro factor es una higiene bucodental deficiente. La caries dental es actualmente la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en la infancia con una elevada prevalencia en preescolares españoles.
Effect of different wavelengths and powers of laser on surface topography and biofilm removal from titanium implants: an in vitro study
(BioMed Central, 2025-12-04) Sedrak, Paul Ashraf; Abdelhakim, Ahmed Adel; Arnabat Domínguez, Josep; Rady, Nermeen Abd Elsalam
Background: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different wavelengths and powers of laser on the surface topography of titanium implants, and to investigate their efficacy in removal of the biofilm complex from the implant surface. Methods: Ten titanium implants, consisting of five new and five failed implants, were randomized and divided into five separate test groups; (Group 1) Erbium Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) 2780 nm, (Group 2) Erbium-doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er: YAG) 2940 nm, (Group 3) Neodymium-doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) 1064 nm, (Group 4) Diode 940 nm, and (Group 5) Diode 445 nm. Each test group consisted of two implants; one new and one failed implant. A total of 160 implant sites were irradiated. Each area was scanned using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) prior to and following laser irradiations. A descriptive analysis was conducted by summarizing the data in terms of frequencies and percentages. Pearson Chi Square test and Fisher’s Exact test were used for comparison between different laser type and laser power intensities. The significance level was set at P < .05. Results: Within the parameters under investigation, both Er, Cr: YSGG and Er: YAG lasers displayed no to minimal alterations in surface topography across the different power intensities. Nd: YAG and Diode lasers showed more evident alterations at high power intensities; with Nd: YAG resulting the most prominent damage to the implant surface. Regarding efficacy in removal of biofilm, Er, Cr: YSGG and Er: YAG lasers consistently exhibited positive results across all different power intensities under investigation. In comparison, Nd: YAG and Diode lasers showed inferior efficacy in biofilm removal at low power intensities with significant power-dependent improvements. Conclusions: Er, Cr: YSGG and Er: YAG lasers present superior implant decontamination potential without causing notable implant surface alterations. Diode (940 nm) laser can be used at low power intensities without causing detrimental effects. Nd: YAG and Diode (445 nm) lasers are able to disrupt the biofilm complex but can induce more evident implant surface damage.
Morse taper dental implants and platform switching: Thenew paradigm in oral implantology
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016-01) Macedo, José Paulo; Pereira, Jorge; Vahey, Brendan R.; Henriques, Bruno; Benfatti, César A. M.; Magini, Ricardo S.; Lopez-Lopez, José; Júlio C. M.
The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the potential benefits with the use of Morse taper dental implant connections associated with small diameter platform switching abutments. A Medline bibliographical search (from 1961 to 2014) was carried out. The following search items were explored: 'Bone loss and platform switching,' 'bone loss and implant-abutment joint,' 'bone resorption and platform switching,' 'bone resorption and implant-abutment joint,' 'Morse taper and platform switching.' 'Morse taper and implant-abutment joint,' Morse taper and bone resorption,' 'crestal bone remodeling and implant-abutment joint,' 'crestal bone remodeling and platform switching.' The selection criteria used for the article were: meta-analysis; randomized controlled trials; prospective cohort studies; as well as reviews written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish languages. Within the 287 studies identified, 81 relevant and recent studies were selected. Results indicated a reduced occurrence of peri-implantitis and bone loss at the abutment/implant level associated with Morse taper implants and a reduced-diameter platform switching abutment. Extrapolation of data from previous studies indicates that Morse taper connections associated with platform switching have shown less inflammation and possible bone loss with the peri-implant soft tissues. However, more long-term studies are needed to confirm these trends.
In-vitro mechanical performance of three CAD-CAM bar designs for implant-supported metal–resin hybrid prostheses: a preliminary pilot study
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-01-20) Arteaga-Losada, Lorena; Laura-Fernadez, Héctor; Puerta-Dominguez, María Alejandra; Ascaso Terrén, Carlos; Vives i Santa-Eulàlia, Eduard; Escuin-Henar, Tomás; Torné Duran, Sergi
Background: Implant-supported hybrid metal–resin prostheses are widely used to rehabilitate edentulous patients. However, fractures of the veneering resin and screw complications remain common mechanical failures. Advances in CAD-CAM design and laser sintering technology may improve the structural integrity of these restorations. Aims: To conduct a preliminary in-vitro evaluation of the fracture resistance of veneering resin in three CADCAM–designed bar configurations fabricated by laser sintering, describing their mechanical behavior and failure patterns under compressive stress. Methods: Three bar designs (inverted T, L-shaped, and Ackerman circular) were digitally created and manufactured in cobalt–chromium using laser sintering. Each bar was veneered with autopolymerizing acrylic resin and subjected to compressive loading up to 1000 N at a 30◦ angle, in accordance with ISO 14801. Simultaneously, acoustic emission analysis was performed to detect microcracks and structural failures. Results: No fractures of the veneering resin were observed. Mechanical failures occurred as deformation or fracture of prosthetic screws, beginning at 600 N. Acoustic emission detected early microcracks between 160 N and 400 N, and main fracture peaks between 627 N and 871 N. Among the three samples, the inverted T-shaped bar sustained the highest load before failure in this pilot test. Conclusion: In this pilot in-vitro study, the veneering resin showed high resistance under simulated masticatory loading. The combination of CAD-CAM design, laser-sintered fabrication, and retentive elements may enhance mechanical performance. Further studies with larger sample sizes and cyclic loading are warranted to validate these preliminary findings.

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