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New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal).
(National Academy of Sciences, 2017) Villaescusa, Lucía; Souto, Pedro; Mauricio Ferré, Joan; Rodrigues, Filipa; Ferreira, A.; Godinho, P.; Trinkaus, E.; Zilhão, Joao; Daura Luján, Joan; Sanz Borràs, Montserrat; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Hoffmann, D.L.; Quam, Rolf M.; Ortega, María Cruz; Santos Ureta, Elena; Gómez, Sergio; Gómez Soler, Sandra; Rubio, Àngel
The Middle Pleistocene is a crucial time period for studying human evolution in Europe, because it marks the appearance of both fossil hominins ancestral to the later Neandertals and the Acheulean technology. Nevertheless, European sites containing well-dated human remains associated with an Acheulean toolkit remain scarce. The earliest European hominin crania associated with Acheulean handaxes are at the sites of Arago, Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH), and Swanscombe, dating to 400–500 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 11–12). The Atapuerca (SH) fossils and the Swanscombe cranium belong to the Neandertal clade, whereas the Arago hominins have been attributed to an incipient stage of Neandertal evolution, to Homo heidelbergensis, or to a subspecies of Homo erectus. A recently discovered cranium (Aroeira 3) from the Gruta da Aroeira (Almonda karst system, Portugal) dating to 390–436 ka provides important evidence on the earliest European Acheulean-bearing hominins. This cranium is represented by most of the right half of a calvarium (with the exception of the missing occipital bone) and a fragmentary right maxilla preserving part of the nasal floor and two fragmentary molars. The combination of traits in the Aroeira 3 cranium augments the previously documented diversity in the European Middle Pleistocene fossil record.
Immunological and tissue reactions to titanium particles generated by the mechanical decontamination of dental implants: In vitro and in vivo study
(Medicina Oral SL, 2026) Gil, Javier; Fonseca, Dacio; Fernández-Domínguez, Manuel; Fernández-Domínguez, Pedro; Akagi-Camacho, Sayuri; Toledano Serrabona, Jorge; Vegas Bustamante, Erika; Camps Font, Octavi; Sánchez Garcés, Ma. Ángeles; Aragoneses, Juan Manuel
Background: Mechanical decontamination of biofilm, or implantoplasty, is a commonly employed technique for managing peri-implantitis. However, the inflammatory response and in vivo behavior of titanium (Ti) particles released during this procedure remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, inflammatory, and osteogenic effects of Ti particles released during implantoplasty, as well as their in vivo behavior Material and Methods: Titanium particles were generated by following a standardized protocol using drills on 150 commercially pure Ti implants. Cytotoxicity thresholds were determined using THP-1 macrophages and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). These cells were subsequently cultured with Ti particle-conditioned medium, and inflammatory responses were analyzed using RT-qPCR for markers such as CCR7, TNF-α, IL-1β (pro-inflammatory), and CD206, TGF-β, IL-10 (anti-inflammatory). Cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA. Osteogenic responses in BM-MSCs were assessed by analyzing Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) expression, and ALP activity was measured colorimetrically. In vivo, Ti particles were introduced into mandibular defects in 20 Wistar rats, with histological analysis performed 20 days post-implantation Results: Ti particles elicited a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, with increased expression of TNF-α and reduced expression of TGF-β and CD206. Cytokine analysis confirmed elevated IL-1β and reduced IL-10 levels. No significant changes in ALP activity were observed. Conclusions: Titanium particles released during implantoplasty induce pro-inflammatory responses.
Bruxism treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Wolters Kluwer Health, 2025-12-05) Assiri, Hassan; Almuawi, Lama Fahad; Asiri, Batool Abdullah; Abumelha, Shatha Tareq; Alahmari, Raghad Musfer; Hameed, Mohammed; Egido-Moreno, Sonia; López López, José, 1958-
Background: This review aimed at addressing the treatment outcomes of bruxism. Methods: The systematic review protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with protocol number (CRD42024597809). It was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The search was performed to retrieve the relevant articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were predefined as original studies including randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, case series, studies published between October 2019, and October 2024 published in English. The retrieved studies suitable for analysis were subjected for data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Brigg Institute checklists for the relevant design of the studies. Results: Finally, 22 studies were suitable for the data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Studies revealed that occlusal splints, both conventional and 3-dimensional-printed, have been widely studied for their ability to reduce nighttime muscle activity. These devices help distribute occlusal forces and alleviate symptoms, although their effectiveness varies depending on design and material. Botulinum toxin type A has been examined as a treatment option, particularly for reducing pain and muscle activity in patients with bruxism. Biofeedback devices have also been explored as a noninvasive alternative to control bruxism. Conclusion: Overall, there is no single treatment that is universally effective for all patients. A multidisciplinary approach combining different therapies may yield the best results. Further long-term studies with rigorous methodological control are essential to evaluate the durability of therapeutic effects and determine the most cost-effective interventions.
Comparative Performance of Haptic Virtual Simulation vs. Conventional Training in Class V Cavity Preparation: A Paired In Vitro Study
(MDPI, 2026-02-13) Basterra López, Aitor; Arroyo Bote, Sebastiana; López González, Ángel Arturo; Cuesta Román, Román; Obrador de Hevia, Joan; Riutord Sbert, Pedro
Background: Haptic virtual simulation (HVS) has emerged as a promising tool in dental education, yet evidence comparing its performance to conventional preclinical training remains limited. Establishing its effectiveness is essential to support its integration into competency-based curricula. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare Class V cavity preparations performed using conventional training on extracted teeth with those performed using a haptic virtual simulator, evaluating preparation time and cavity volume. Methods: Sixty-one extracted human molars were digitized using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to generate corresponding virtual replicas. A calibrated operator prepared 122 standardized Class V cavities (61 real and 61 virtual). The simulator automatically recorded preparation time and cavity volume. For natural teeth, cavity volume was calculated by digital superimposition of pre- and post-operative STL models using Blender. Paired means were compared using Student’s t-test (α = 0.05). Results: Preparation time was significantly shorter when using HVS compared with the conventional method (p < 0.001). Virtual preparations resulted in slightly larger cavity volumes than real preparations, with a statistically significant yet clinically small difference (p = 0.047). Conclusions: Haptic virtual simulation enables more time-efficient Class V cavity preparation while producing cavity volumes comparable to those obtained through conventional training. These findings support the implementation of haptic simulators as a valid and effective complement for preclinical skill acquisition in operative dentistry.
Review of clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of third molars. Evaluation of adherence to AGREE II publication guideline
(Medicina Oral SL, 2026-01-01) Herráez-Tondo, Mª Gemma; Gay Escoda, Cosme; Toledano Serrabona, Jorge; Sánchez Garcés, Ma. Ángeles
Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are developed to summarize the available evidence for healthcare professionals and standardize decisions in the clinical setting. For them to be useful, they must be generated following systematic methods, have high scope and applicability, present information clearly, and be updated every five years. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the available CPGs on the diagnosis and treatment of third molars (3M) using the AGREE II instrument to assess their quality and strength of recommendations. Material and Methods: An electronic search was conducted using the PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Additionally, a manual search was performed by international health organizations and dental and surgical associations. The inclusion criterion was CPG published in the last 5 years on the diagnosis and treatment of 3M. The quality of the guidelines was analyzed using the AGREE II instrument. Results: 14 CPGs were identified; However, only seven met the inclusion criteria. The guidelines from the Spanish Society of Oral Surgery (SECIB) and the Malaysia Oral Health Programme (MOHP) were considered high-quality. In contrast, guidelines from the German Medical Association (DGMKG), French Society of Stomatology MaxilloFacial Surgery and Oral Surgery (SFSCMFCO) and Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) were rated as moderate quality and recommended with modifications. The Finnish Medical and Dental Society (FMDS) and Dutch Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (NVMKA) did not meet the minimum quality standards. Conclusions: The AGREE II analysis reveals a need for substantial improvement in third molar CPGs. Only two guidelines were rated as high-quality, with most being outdated or soon to be. Regular updates by guideline-developing organizations are essential to ensure accurate and relevant clinical recommendations.
Use of colorimetry as a diagnostic tool for early detection of peri-implant diseases
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-01-14) Torné Duran, Sergi
Introduction: The increasing aesthetic demand in dentistry and the limitations of visual colour assessment have encouraged the development of objective methods for evaluating dental and peri-implant tissues. Although colourimeters were originally designed for tooth shade matching, their application has recently expanded to periimplant soft-tissue analysis, providing quantitative and reproducible measurements capable of detecting early inflammatory changes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether colour analysis using a colourimeter is a valid diagnostic tool for the preliminary detection of peri-implant diseases by comparing colourimetric data with conventional clinical findings. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and experimental study was conducted on 63 dental implants. Peri-implant soft-tissue colour was recorded using a colourimeter based on CIELab parameters (L*, a*, b*). Each implant also underwent clinical evaluation including visual inspection, periodontal probing, and periapical radiography. Two measurement points were analysed: Point A, located 2 mm apical to the gingival margin, and Point B, positioned beyond the probing depth for each implant. Colourimetric values from both points were compared with the clinical diagnosis obtained for every implant. Results: At Point B, peri-implant tissues showed lower luminosity (L*), higher redness (a*), and reduced b* values compared with Point A. Clinically, 48 implants presented peri-implantitis, 9 mucositis, and 6 were considered healthy. Diseased implants demonstrated darker and more reddish peri-implant tissues, revealing a clear correlation between colour alterations and inflammatory status.
Pilot clinical comparison of three occlusal splint fabrication techniques: A preliminary study
(Nature Publishing Group, 2025-12-19) Torné Duran, Sergi; Marco-Martínez, Laura; Serrano-Belmonte, Ildefonso
To compare laboratory production time, clinical adjustment time, and patient-reported comfort of three occlusal splint fabrication techniques (heat-cured acrylic, vacuum-adapted acrylic, and CAD-CAM 3D-printed splints) in a pilot feasibility study. Three participants each received three splints, one fabricated with each technique. Laboratory production time, chairside adjustment time, and comfort (VAS) were recorded. Vacuum-adapted splints required the shortest laboratory production time (mean = 92 min, SD = 25.35). Heat-cured splints required longer processing (mean = 114 min, SD = 6.08). The CAD-CAM splints showed the longest total workflow duration (mean = 133 min, SD = 6.08), although they required less manual technician work. Intraoral adjustment times were similar between heat-cured and vacuum-adapted splints (means = 28 min and 26.66 min, respectively). None of the CAD-CAM splints seated fully at delivery, preventing proper adjustment. Vacuum-adapted splints received the highest comfort scores. Within the limitations of this pilot study with three participants, vacuum-adapted and heat-cured splints showed clinically acceptable performance and comparable adjustment times. CAD-CAM splints reduced manual workload but suffered from significant seating and fit issues, indicating the need for workflow refinement before clinical implementation. Even as splint fabrication is moving towards a more digital workflow, the old methods, especially vacuum-adapted splints, continue to deliver timely and comfortable results to patients. Further studies with more participants need to be done so that there can be a clear digital splint fabrication workflow.
Cytocompatibility and Microbiological Effects of Ti6Al4V Particles Generated During Implantoplasty on Human Fibroblasts, Osteoblasts, and Multispecies Oral Biofilm
(MDPI, 2025-12-15) Vegas Bustamante, Erika; Toledano Serrabona, Jorge; Sánchez Garcés, Ma. Ángeles; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Demiquels, Elena; Gil, J.; Delgado, Luís María; Sanmartí Garcia, Gemma; Camps Font, Octavi
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Ti6Al4V particles and implantoplasty (IP)-treated surfaces on human fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and to investigate the influence of these particles on multispecies oral biofilm formation. Methods: Ti6Al4V particles generated during implantoplasty were collected. Human fibroblasts (HFF-1) and osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) were used to assess cytotoxicity through indirect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Multispecies biofilms composed of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces viscosus, Veillonella parvula and Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated based on colony-forming units (CFUs) and metabolic activity. Fibroblasts and osteoblasts were co-cultured with biofilm-contaminated particles for 2, 4 and 6 h. Cell morphology and biofilm association were examined by phase-contrast microscopy, while metabolic activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Results: IP-treated surfaces showed no significant cytotoxicity (metabolic activity > 92%, LDH < 20%). Ti6Al4V particles selectively promoted A. viscosus and V. parvula growth (metabolic activity increases of ≈192% and ≈203%; CFU significantly higher versus controls, p < 0.05). Co-culture with biofilm-contaminated particles drastically reduced cell activity (fibroblasts < 25%, osteoblasts < 10%), whereas bacteria-free particles did not. Conclusions: Biofilm-contaminated particles released during implantoplasty markedly impair fibroblast and osteoblast cytocompatibility and selectively alter bacterial growth, whereas IP-treated surfaces per se are biocompatible. Minimizing particle dissemination and bacterial contamination during IP is therefore crucial.
Salivary Characteristics and Other Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of Chemical and Mechanical Tooth Wear in At-Risk Groups: A Cross-Sectional Study.
(MDPI, 2025-10-14) Rius Bonet, Ona; Willaert Jiménez-Pajarero, Eva; Jiménez-Murcia, Susana; Diego Esteve, Guillem; Artero, Cristina; Sánchez Romero, Isabel; Baenas, Isabel; Peña Cala, Maria Carmen; Fernández Aranda, Fernando; Martínez Gomis, Jordi
L’objectiu de la recerca va ser explorar com els factors salivals influeixen en el desgast dental (TW) en persones amb malaltia per reflux gastroesofàgic (GERD), bruxisme del son (SB), trastorns de la conducta alimentària (ED) i ludopatia (GD), comparant-les amb un grup control sa. L’estudi, de disseny transversal, va incloure 147 adults dividits en aquests cinc grups. Es van recollir dades mèdiques, d’hàbits i d’estil de vida, i es va avaluar el desgast dental amb l’escala TWES 2.0, així com la força oclusal i les propietats de la saliva (pH, flux i capacitat tampó).Els resultats van mostrar que els grups amb GERD i ED presentaven el pH salival més baix i també el desgast químic i mecànic més elevat. El desgast químic i el mecànic estaven fortament correlacionats, i aquest últim augmentava amb l’edat. El pH salival i el grup de risc explicaven gairebé la meitat de la variabilitat del desgast químic, mentre que l’edat i la força de mossegada explicaven més de la meitat del desgast mecànic.En conclusió, el desgast químic està estretament relacionat amb el pH salival baix i amb pertànyer als grups de risc GERD o ED, mentre que el desgast mecànic depèn sobretot de l’edat i de la força de mossegada. Els autors recomanen estudis longitudinals futurs amb mostres més àmplies i metodologies estandarditzades per aprofundir en aquestes associacions.
PATIENT SATISFACTION AND FUNTIONAL OUTCOMES OF CAD/CAM VERSUS CONVENTIONAL DENTURES
(Seybold Publications, 2025-07-30) Torné Duran, Sergi
Digital realm prosthodontics has become an enormous area of development in one application of complete dentures. CAD/CAM technology has become a dominant alternative to conventional methods. This paper compares systematically different outcomes and patient satisfaction between those dentures produced by CAD/CAM and those of classical fabrication. In addressing the subject, there is a discussion of contemporary clinical trials, crossover studies, and meta-analyses on comfort, esthetics, masticatory efficiency, adaptation period, and long-term retention. According to the results, CAD/CAM denture offers greater precision compared with the one of conventional fabrication, and patient-reported satisfaction was also higher for CAD/CAM complete dentures about their oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, this new method is disadvantageous because of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Here, the review further discusses why the results may differ between populations, digital methods (milled vs. 3D-printed comprehensive), and evaluation instruments. This discussion provides clues for decision-making; namely, when the patient-centered outcomes bear, the CAD/CAM denture provides a potential advantage over traditional dentures. Nonetheless, randomized controlled trials with standardized measures are still foremost to establish long-term effectiveness
Substantivity of mouth-rinse formulations containing cetylpyridinium chloride and O-cymen-5-ol: a randomized-crossover trial
(BioMed Central, 2022-12-27) Aguilera, Felipe-Rodrigo; Vinas, Miguel; Sierra, Josep M.; Vinuesa Aumedes, Teresa; Fernandez de Henestrosa, Antonio R.; Furmanczyk, Marta; Trullàs, Carles; Jourdan, Eric; López López, José, 1958-; Jorba Pedrosa, Marta
Background The efficacy of mouth-rinses strongly depends upon their substantivity. The use of natural and non-toxic products that avoid secondary effects is gaining interest in preventive dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantivity of two formulations of mouth-washing solutions based on cetylpyridinium (CPC) and O-cymen-5-ol. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Barcelona. Bacterial re-colonization was followed by live/dead (SYTOTM9 + propidium iodide) bacterial staining and measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorometry. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals at baseline saliva and then, at 15 min, 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the following mouth-rinses: (i) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of placebo (negative control); (ii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) ; (iii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%); (iv) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) + O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%). Results Proportion of dead bacteria was significantly higher for all mouthrinses during the first 15 min compared to baseline (CPC = 48.0 ± 13.9; 95% CI 40.98–56.99; p < 0.001, O-cymen-5-ol = 79.8 ± 21.0; 95% CI 67.71–91.90; p < 0.05, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol = 49.4 ± 14; 95% CI 40.98–56.99; p < 0.001 by fluorometry and 54.8 ± 23.0; 95% CI 41.50–68.06; p < 0.001, 76.3 ± 17.1; 95% CI 66.36–86.14; p < 0.001, 47.4 ± 11.9; 95% CI 40.49–54.30; p < 0.001 by confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively). Nevertheless, after 4 h, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol was the only one that obtained significant values as measured by the two quantification methods used (80.3 ± 22.8; 95% CI 67.15–93.50; p < 0.05 and 81.4 ± 13.8; 95% CI 73.45–89.43; p < 0.05). The combined use of CPC + O-cymen-5-ol increased the substantivity of the mouthrinse with respect to mouthrinses prepared with either of the two active products alone. Conclusion The synergistic interaction of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol prolongs their substantivity. The resulting formulation may be as effective as other antimicrobials, such as triclosan or chlorhexidine, but without their undesirable secondary effects. Thus, mouthrinsing products based on Combinations of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol may replace in the near future Triclosan and Chlorhexidine—based mouthrinses.
ADVANCEMENTS IN 3D PRINTING FOR DENTAL PROSTETICS :A REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS
(Seybold Publications, 2025-07-30) Torné Duran, Sergi
3D printing has sparked a major revolution in the field of dental prosthetics by offering never-before levels of customization, accuracy, and efficiency in production. As an extension of digital dentistry, 3D printing provides suitable fabrication of dental prostheses using additive manufacturing techniques such as stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), or fused deposition modeling (FDM). These technologies have made things easier from the time of intraoral scanning and computer-aided design (CAD) to the actual production of working dental appliances. This review aims to bring forth the current trends, innovations in materials, and clinical applications of 3D printing in the field of prosthodontics. Using recent peer-reviewed literature, we weigh the benefits of 3D printing against those of traditional methods concerning turnaround time, patient comfort, and reproducibility. These are opposed by drawbacks such as fewer options for materials, the expense entailed in acquiring state-of-the-art equipment, and long-term clinical proof for some applications. From the primary overview emerges a rapid evolution in printable biomaterials, including biocompatible resins, polymers, and metal alloys; adoption of digital workflows in dental laboratories and clinics has also grown. Prominent trends seem to include integration with AI, hybrid printing methods, and the potential for smart prosthetic devices. In a clinical prosthodontic setting, 3D printing allows far-reaching implications for treatment that is more accessible, more accurate, and more patient specific. Thus, interdisciplinary research and regulatory standardization are necessary to maximize the potential in the long run.
Substantivity of mouth‑rinse formulations containing cetylpyridinium chloride and O‑cymen‑5‑ol: a randomized‑crossover trial
(BioMed Central, 2022-12) Aguilera, Felipe-Rodrigo; Viñas, Miquel; Sierra Ortigosa, Josep Maria; Vinuesa Aumedes, Teresa; Fernandez de Henestrosa, Antonio R.; Furmancyk, Marta; Trullás, Carles; Jourdan, Eric; Lopez-Lopez, José; Jorba, Marta
Background: The efficacy of mouth-rinses strongly depends upon their substantivity. The use of natural and nontoxic products that avoid secondary effects is gaining interest in preventive dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantivity of two formulations of mouth-washing solutions based on cetylpyridinium (CPC) and O-cymen-5-ol. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Barcelona. Bacterial re-colonization was followed by live/dead (SYTOTM9 + propidium iodide) bacterial staining and measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorometry. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals at baseline saliva and then, at 15 min, 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the following mouth-rinses: (i) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of placebo (negative control); (ii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) ; (iii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%); (iv) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) + O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%). Results: Proportion of dead bacteria was significantly higher for all mouthrinses during the first 15 min compared to baseline (CPC = 48.0 ± 13.9; 95% CI 40.98-56.99; p < 0.001, O-cymen-5-ol = 79.8 ± 21.0; 95% CI 67.71-91.90; p < 0.05, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol = 49.4 ± 14; 95% CI 40.98-56.99; p < 0.001 by fluorometry and 54.8 ± 23.0; 95% CI 41.50-68.06; p < 0.001, 76.3 ± 17.1; 95% CI 66.36-86.14; p < 0.001, 47.4 ± 11.9; 95% CI 40.49-54.30; p < 0.001 by confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively). Nevertheless, after 4 h, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol was the only one that obtained significant values as measured by the two quantification methods used (80.3 ± 22.8; 95% CI 67.15-93.50; p < 0.05 and 81.4 ± 13.8; 95% CI 73.45-89.43; p < 0.05). The combined use of CPC + O-cymen-5-ol increased the substantivity of the mouthrinse with respect to mouthrinses prepared with either of the two active products alone. Conclusion: The synergistic interaction of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol prolongs their substantivity. The resulting formulation may be as effective as other antimicrobials, such as triclosan or chlorhexidine, but without their undesirable secondary effects. Thus, mouthrinsing products based on Combinations of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol may replace in the near future Triclosan and Chlorhexidine¿based mouthrinses.
Prevalence of dental attrition and its relationship with Sent dental erosion and salivary function in young adults
(Quintessence Publishing Group, 2023-01-01) Rius Bonet, Ona; Roca Obis, Paula; Zamora Olave, Carla; Willaert, Eva; Martínez Gomis, Jordi
Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental attrition in a young adult population and to explore associated factors. Method and materials: Dental students aged 18 to 40 years old with a minimum of 24 natural teeth were invited to take part in this cross-sectional study. Their demographic information, medical history, perceived stress, frequency of dietary acid intake, and frequency of oral habits were obtained through several questionnaires. Assessment of each type of tooth wear (erosion, attrition, and abrasion) was performed according to the tooth wear evaluation system (TWES 1.0). All participants underwent salivary tests. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-squared or Mann–Whitney tests and logistic regression models. Results: In total, 178 participants (88 women and 90 men) with a median age of 22 years were included and of those 74.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68% to 81%) had dental attrition. Univariate analysis revealed pos- itive associations for male sex, age, body mass index, awake bruxism frequency, and erosive tooth wear with the presence of dental attrition. Multivariable logistic regression (Nagelkerke r2 = 0.31) indicated that dental attrition was associated with ero- sive tooth wear (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.3; 95% CI, 2.8 to 14.2), body mass index (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5), and age (aOR, 1.2; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.3). Conclusion: Dental attrition is present in most young adults of Catalonia. The associated factors were erosive tooth wear, body mass index, and age. Slight alterations of salivary parameters do not seem to predict dental attrition.
Histological assessment of a novel de-epithelialization method for connective tissue grafts harvested from the palate. An experimental study in cadavers.
(Springer Verlag, 2024-05-28) Bara Gaseni, Natalia; Jorba García, Adrià; Alberdi Navarro, Javier; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Bara Casaus, Javier
Objectives: This study aims to compare the histological outcomes of three distinct de-epithelialization methods used in (connective tissue grafts) CTG harvested from the palate. Materials and methods: An experimental study using nine cadaver head specimens was carried out to compare 3 different de-epithelialization techniques for CTG. Eighteen samples were randomly allocated to three study groups: bone scraper, diamond bur and extraoral removal with a scalpel. The main outcome variable was the graft surface percentage without epithelium remains. Additionally, the time employed, and the graft thickness were also measured. Results: Sixteen CTGs were analyzed. The extraoral scalpel group presented a total surface area with no epithelium of 58.84% (22.68) and a mean de-epithelialization time of 3.7 min; the intraoral diamond bur group had 88.24% (41.3) of the surface with no epithelium and took 1.455 min, and the intraoral bone scraper showed 97.98% (5.99) of surface without epithelium and a mean time of 0.815 min (P < 0.05). Histological analysis showed significant differences between the bone scraper and the extraoral group (P = 0.009).Conclusion: The de-epithelialization technique with a bone scraper seems to be the most effective and fastest de-epithelialization technique for CTG. These findings need to be confirmed in future clinical studies with larger samples. Clinical relevance: The use of bone scrapers, could be a simple, effective and fast technique to de-epithelialize connective tissue grafts harvested from the palatal area for both novice and experienced surgeons.
Immunological and tissue reactions to titanium particles generated by the mechanical decontamination of dental implants: In vitro and in vivo study
(Medicina Oral, S.L., 2025-10-17) Gil, Javier; Toledano Serrabona, Jorge ; Vegas Bustamante, Erika; Camps Font, Octavi; Sánchez Garcés, M. Ángeles; Aragoneses, Juan Manuel
Background: Mechanical decontamination of biofilm, or implantoplasty, is a commonly employed technique for managing peri-implantitis. However, the inflammatory response and in vivo behavior of titanium (Ti) particles released during this procedure remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, inflammatory, and osteogenic effects of Ti particles released during implantoplasty, as well as their in vivo behavior Material and Methods: Titanium particles were generated by following a standardized protocol using drills on 150 commercially pure Ti implants. Cytotoxicity thresholds were determined using THP-1 macrophages and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). These cells were subsequently cultured with Ti particle-conditioned medium, and inflammatory responses were analyzed using RT-qPCR for markers such as CCR7, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta (pro-inflammatory), and CD206, TGF-beta, IL-10 (anti-inflammatory). Cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA. Osteogenic responses in BM-MSCs were assessed by analyzing Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) expression, and ALP activity was measured colorimetrically. In vivo, Ti particles were introduced into mandibular defects in 20 Wistar rats, with histological analysis performed 20 days post-implantation Results: Ti particles elicited a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, with increased expression of TNF-alpha and reduced expression of TGF-beta and CD206. Cytokine analysis confirmed elevated IL-1 beta and reduced IL-10 levels. No significant changes in ALP activity were observed. Conclusions: Titanium particles released during implantoplasty induce pro-inflammatory responses.
Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Dental Impact on Daily Living (Sp-DIDL) questionnaire in a Spanish population: a cross-sectional study.
(BioMed Central, 2026-01-08) Rosa Gay, María Cristina de la; Pérez-Borrego, Laura; Subirà Pifarré, Carles; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Valmaseda Castellón, Eduardo; Sánchez Torres, Alba
BACKGROUND: Oral health has an impact on the patient's quality of life. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and comprehensively validate the Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL) index for use among Spanish-speaking adults, encompassing the assessment of its reliability and construct validity. A secondary aim was to correlate the Sp-DIDL with demographic data, caries, periodontal attachment loss, and the use of prosthesis.METHODS: The original DIDL was translated and adapted into Spanish following international guidelines. A pilot test was done with 20 patients to assess comprehension and validity. Psychometric properties were evaluated in a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of 125 adults (mean age 49.3 years) recruited from the Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona. Internal consistency was analysed with Cronbach's alpha. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the test-retest reliability of the clinical measures (DMF index and periodontal attachment loss). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Known-Groups Validity were used to evaluate construct validity. The associations with demographic data, the Decayed-Missing-Filled (DMF) index, periodontal loss, and the use of prosthesis were assessed using one-way ANOVA, Student t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The final version of the Sp-DIDL was approved after testing on 20 patients (Cronbach's α = 0.919). In the validation stage, all Cronbach α values were > 0.90, indicating excellent internal consistency. The 5 factors had an explained variance over 0.40 (0.51 to 0.78). The mean DIDL score was - 1.08 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.82). Overall, the Sp-DIDL score showed a negative correlation with age (r = -0.535, p < 0.001) but was not associated with gender (p = 0.235). Patients with elementary studies or less had lower Sp-DIDL scores (p < 0.05). DMF was negatively correlated with Sp-DIDL (r = -0.318; p < 0.001). Patients with dental prostheses had lower Sp-DIDL scores (p < 0.05). The multiple lineal regression model only included age as a predictor of Sp-DIDL score (B = -0.049; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The DIDL questionnaire was validated in a Spanish population. This Spanish version of the DIDL proved valid and reliable for measuring the impact of oral health on patient quality of life. The Sp-DIDL was negatively correlated with age: the older the patient, the greater the impact of oral health status upon quality of life.
La osteorradionecrosis de los huesos maxilares. Protocolo de prevención y tratamiento
(Ediciones Especializadas Europeas, 2000) Montero Briceño, Mauricio; Delgado Molina, Esther; Berini Aytés, Leonardo; Gay Escoda, Cosme
Las radiaciones ionizantes utilizadas en el tratamiento de los tumores de cabeza y cuello pueden favorecer la aparición de complicaciones bucales con una frecuencia y gravedad variables. Aunque la osteorradionecrosis (ORN) es la complicación menos frecuente también es la más grave.
Tratamiento odontológico del paciente infectado por el VIH
(Ediciones Especializadas Europeas, 2001) Gallego Medina, I; Delgado Sureda, Eulàlia; Berini Aytés, Leonardo; Gay Escoda, Cosme
El tratamiento odontológico de los pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), en general no se diferencia de culaquier otro paciente, exceptuando el riesgo de contagio propio de dicha infección.
Consideraciones previas al tratamiento odontológico del paciente infectado por el VIH
(Ediciones Especializadas Europeas, 2001) Gallego Medina, I; Delgado Sureda, Eulàlia; Berini Aytés, Leonardo; Gay Escoda, Cosme
La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiemcia humana (VIH) se caracteriza principalmente por una depresión de la respuesta inmonológica del hospedador. Los recientes avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad y los nuevos tratamientos framacológicos han dado lugar a que la patologia asociada a la infección por el VIH pueda ser considerada actualment de carácter crónico.

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