Urban Cohesion. A Public Space Network Assessment

Abstract

Urban territories frequently face problems related to the lack of cohesion - a working fact for planning and urban design processes. If a certain territory is not accessible or visible and is not socially and economically balanced, its chances of urban success are practically non-existent. Aiming to tackle these problems, we argue that 'city making' must incorporate urban cohesion processes involving two dimensions: [1] the city's form issues; and [2] its socio-economic and socio-cultural factors. Our conviction is that public spaces play a fundamental role in the processes of urban cohesion. We consider public space a complex set of elements, linked and related in a dynamic way. Therefore, it is this complexity of spaces, connections, dynamics, relationships and complementarities that makes necessary to consider public space network as a key point for the advancement of urban cohesion. Intending to contribute to the strengthening of urban cohesion (Pinto & Remesar, 2012a), we propose a method capable of assessing the cohesion of public space networks, not only within the neighbourhood, but also their links to the surrounding city networks. With this method we intend to identify the main critical points where urban cohesion fails, paving the way for the definition of intervention strategies promoting cohesion. This assessment method, is not limited to the study of the morphological factors, but also includes the social and economic dynamics generated by the public space network. For this reason we do not propose a strictly quantitative methodology, but instead we include qualitative factors, once we consider the dynamics generated by social appropriation and urban functions vital to evaluate urban cohesion processes.