Measurements of Particulate Matter from Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes: A Comparative Analysis of Methods

Abstract

Due to the growing popularity of electronic cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) as alternatives to conventional cigarettes (CCs), there is an increasing need to monitor the emissions of these new devices. ECs generate significant concentrations of second-hand aerosol (ECSHA), which is visible in dense clouds and can be smelled. Particulate matter (PM) is an important component of CC, HTP and EC aerosols, and Optical Particle Counters (OPCs) enable its real-time measurement, which is expressed either as the number of particles or as mass. This study specifically addresses the limitations associated with EC mass measurement using OPC technology and identifies the strict necessity of the measurement of a corresponding density (k factor) not only for each specific PM source but also for the desired PM size. Therefore, a standard measurement requires the simultaneous operation of the OPC equipment and a certified reference instrument. Four different OPCs were used. Crucially, this study also proves that this setup may be inapplicable because the extreme volatility of EC-generated aerosols makes it impractical to gauge the correct EC k factor.