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2026-05-02

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cc-by-nc-nd (c) Rinaldi, M. et al., 2026
Si us plau utilitzeu sempre aquest identificador per citar o enllaçar aquest document: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/230581

Managing Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infection: a Delphi document on clinical recommendations and research agenda

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103925

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Background: Management of E faecium bloodstream infections (BSIs) remains debated, particularly the clinical impact of vancomycin resistance, the role of follow-up cultures, and optimal therapeutic regimens. This study aimed to reach expert consensus on these unresolved clinical domains and identify priorities for future research. Methods: We first conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in January 20, 204 focusing on four predefined areas: mortality in E faecium BSIs compared with other BSIs, mortality in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)-BSIs compared with vancomycin-susceptible enterococci-BSIs, management of catheter-related E faecium BSIs, and 4) optimal antibiotic therapy for VRE-BSIs. These results informed a three-round Delphi process involving a panel of experts. An iterative approach was adopted: 16 initial questions developed from the systematic review (6-point Likert scale) were refined across rounds based on expert feedback. Consensus was defined as at least 80% agreement or disagreement. Findings: 13 statements were generated across three broader domains. Regarding clinical outcomes and diagnostics, experts agreed that mortality is heavily influenced by comorbidities; thus, therapeutic assessment should rely on clinical trends and inflammatory markers, with follow-up blood cultures used to confirm eradication. Catheter-related BSI should be managed with device removal and short-course (<7 days) antibiotics in selected uncomplicated cases. For therapeutic management, teicoplanin is preferred for vanB VRE-BSI. For vanA VRE-BSI, both linezolid and high-dose daptomycin (>9 mg/kg per day) are effective, reserving daptomycin-based combinations for challenging cases (deep-seated infections and/or high Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations). Finally, future trials evaluating the impact of antimicrobial therapy should use Desirability-of-Outcome-Ranking analysis; the in-vitro potential of oritavancin justifies targeted randomized trials to define its clinical efficacy in VRE-BSI. Interpretation: This paper delineates current evidence and expert consensus on management of E faecium BSI while identifying crucial knowledge gaps to guide future clinical research.

Matèries

Comorbiditat, Infeccions

Matèries (anglès)

Comorbidity, Infections

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Articles publicats en revistes (Ciències Clíniques)
Articles publicats en revistes (Institut d'lnvestigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL))
Articles publicats en revistes (Medicina)

Citació

RINALDI, Matteo, et al. Managing Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infection: a Delphi document on clinical recommendations and research agenda. eClinicalMedicine. 2026. Vol. 95. ISSN 2589-5370. [consulted: 23 of July of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/230581

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