Use of local anesthetics with a vasoconstrictor agent during dental treatment in hypertensive an coronary disease patients. A systematic review

Abstract

Coronary disease and Hypertension are highly prevalent health problems worldwide, with the latter being one of the most common diseases in patients visiting dental clinics. Local anesthetics (LAs) with vasoconstrictor agents (VC) are known to be commonly used in dental practice. For the above-mentioned rea- sons, dentists should know how to adapt and treat patients with these hazardous conditions. Objective The aim of this study was to find out if the use of local anesthetics (LAs) in combination with vasoconstrictor (VC) agents in dental treatment presents a risk in patient with a known history of Hypertension and/or Coronary disease. Materials and methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with The PRISMA guidelines and registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020187369). The search strategy was based on Mesh terms, Boolean operator AND, and the PICO model. It was designed to identify all the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in the last 30 years, which assessed whether the use of LA with VC agents in dental treatment produces a significant increase/decrease in hemodynamics in patients with known history of Hypertension and/or Coronary disease. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess risk of bias of the included RCTs. Results An initial electronic search resulted in 87 papers; however only 9 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. There was a total of 482 subjects ( N = 482), of which 412 had a known history of Hypertension or Coronary disease.