Articles publicats en revistes (Econometria, Estadística i Economia Aplicada)

URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/17642

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Anàlisi comparativa de diferents formats d’aula invertida en cursos d’economia de nivell avançat
(Congrés Internacional de Docència Universitària i Innovació (CIDUI), 2025) Abío, Gemma; Alcañiz, Manuela; Gómez-Puig, Marta; Patxot, Concepció; Rubert, Glòria; Serrano, Mònica (Serrano Gutiérrez); Stoyanova, Alexandrina Petrova
Aquest projecte pretén comprendre com la metodologia d’aula invertida en cursos avançats influeix en el rendiment i l’aprenentatge dels estudiants. Es vol determinar l’extensió idònia d’aquesta metodologia en un curs avançat del grau en Economia. S’analitzarà un conjunt de dades per comparar l’impacte de diferents formats d’aula invertida a l’assignatura de Macroeconomia IV, centrant-se en el rendiment acadèmic i les percepcions dels estudiants sobre la metodologia. L’anàlisi permetrà identificar com varien els resultats i les opinions dels estudiants segons s’apliqui un enfocament més o menys extens de la metodologia d’aula invertida.
The impact of carbon pricing on tourist destinations: Shifts in demand, supply and emissions in the European aviation market
(Elsevier, 2025-06-01) Fageda, Xavier, 1975-; Oesingmann, Katrin
This paper provides novel evidence of the impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) as applied to the aviation sector on tourist destinations. We use annual data at the route level for the period 2010–2022 and consider a sample comprising a large set of European cities of origin, on the one hand, and tourist destinations in Europe, North and West Africa and the Middle East, on the other. We apply a difference-in-differences analysis to a matched sample and find that the EU ETS has led to less emissions, less flights and to a lower extent less seats. In contrast, we do not find a negative impact of the EU ETS on passenger numbers. While the attractiveness of tourist destinations in Europe does not seem to have been affected by the EU ETS, our results suggest that it has promoted greater efficiency in airline operations.
The impact of new aircraft on CO2 emissions
(Elsevier Ltd., 2025-10-01) Bernardo, Valeria; Fageda, Xavier, 1975-
We examine the impact of new aircraft on total CO₂ emissions, seeking to determine whether their greater fuel efficiency may be offset by supply growth. We draw on granular global data at the aircraft–airline–route level between 2017 and 2023 and employ propensity score matching and entropy balancing to build a sample of comparable airline–route pairs operated or otherwise by new aircraft. We then analyze how the share of new aircraft correlates with supply and carbon emissions by estimating a high-dimensional fixed effects model. Overall, we find that the adoption of new aircraft has led to a substantial increase in supply that does, in part, offset the greater fuel efficiency. However, we find evidence of heterogeneous effects depending on the type of route or geographical area analyzed. All in all, our results point to the limitations of new aircraft for reducing carbon emissions at the global level.
Intercontinental air travel in the era of carbon pricing: demand and hub shifts
(Elsevier Ltd., 2025-10-01) Fageda, Xavier, 1975-; Oesingmann, Katrin
In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between carbon pricing and air travel demand in the intercontinental market. Using granular demand data for one-stop routes connecting airports in Europe with Asia and North America, we estimate regressions with multiple fixed effects to account for both time-invariant and time-varying factors that could confound the identification of policy effects. Our approach leverages variability in carbon prices in the European Union Emissions Trading System by comparing changes in routes subject to the policy (i.e., those involving European hubs) with routes unaffected by the policy (i.e., those involving non-European hubs). Our findings indicate that the carbon price variable is consistently negative and statistically significant across all regressions. A 100% increase in the price of EU ETS allowances reduces passenger traffic through European hubs by 2% to 6%. These results provide novel evidence of the policy’s effectiveness in the long-haul market, while also highlighting the phenomenon of hub carbon leakage. Additionally, we find that joint ventures between European and non-European airlines mitigate the policy's impact.
Turismo y transporte, dos demandas y un destino
(Fundación de las Cajas de Ahorros (FUNCAS), 2025-11-05) Bernardo, Valeria; Fageda, Xavier, 1975-; Oesingmann, Katrin
En este trabajo se analiza la fuerte interrelación entre la demanda ligada al turismo internacional y la asociada al transporte aéreo. Con este propósito, se hace una revisión de la literatura académica y se aportan datos detallados sobre las vías de acceso de turistas internacionales con destino a una región española. Sobre esta base, se tratan de identificar algunos factores determinantes que explican la relación entre ambas demandas, incluyendo el papel de las compañías aéreas de bajo coste, las externalidades negativas asociadas al transporte aéreo y la política aeroportuaria (tasas e inversiones).
Determinants of air cargo traffic in Europe: Intercontinental flights, competition and airlines’ business model
(Elsevier Ltd., 2025-11-01) Fageda, Xavier, 1975-; Gonzalez Aregall, Marta
In this paper, we examine the determinants of air cargo traffic in European airports from 2002 to 2019 by estimating a two-way fixed effects model. We focus on the correlation between air cargo and key attributes of passenger services at airports, including the number of non-stop intercontinental destinations, the share of network airlines, and the intensity of competition. We consider different samples with a special attention to mid-sized airports located in relatively big cities. We find that the availability of direct flights to North America, East Asia, and the Middle East has a positive impact on air cargo. A higher percentage of flights offered by network airlines leads to more air cargo as well. However, we also find that competition stimulates air cargo, meaning that medium-sized airports can benefit from a greater presence of non-European network airlines.
Airline Economics
(Elsevier, 2025-12-01) D'Alfonso, Tiziana; Fageda, Xavier, 1975-
This Special Issue brings together a collection of empirical and theoretical contributions that deepen our understanding of airline economics through a diverse range of topics, methodologies, and geographic focuses. The contributions cover key aspects of airline behavior, from pricing strategies and cooperative agreements to environmental policy responses and demand-side transformations. In parallel, several papers engage with broader questions of transportation system integration, intermodal competition, and the role of regulation in shaping outcomes for firms, consumers, and society. Collectively, these papers highlight how the airline industry is adapting to structural changes, e.g., the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (such as the rise of telecommuting and remote work), evolving competitive environments, environmental constraints, and regulatory pressures. The findings presented here offer both rigorous academic insights and valuable policy guidance. By leveraging data-rich analyses and theoretical modeling, these papers collectively inform pressing questions regarding sustainability, equity, and efficiency in the air transport sector.
Technology Diffusion in Carbon Markets: Evidence from Aviation
(Springer Verlag, 2025-11-04) Fageda, Xavier, 1975-; Teixidó-Figueras, Jordi
Carbon pricing has been found mainly to foster low-carbon innovation but not low-carbon technology adoption. Focusing on the aviation sector, a hard-to-abate industry, we provide novel evidence that the EU’s Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is responsible for a greater diffusion of available low-carbon technologies. By exploiting a policy change in the carbon market scope, we find a more intensive use of efficient aircraft and a sizeable effect of aircraft retrofitting – use of winglets – compared to the counterfactual, driving improvements in emission intensity. These effects, however, are not uniform: aircraft choice and retrofitting decisions differ between Eastern and Western routes. Examining the mechanisms behind our findings, we show that the more intensive use of efficient aircraft—either through fleet replacement or differential use—is the main factor driving the ETS’s effect on emission intensity. Our study highlights the importance of carbon pricing to accelerate the adoption rates of low carbon technologies, even in hard-to-abate sectors.
Early climate mitigation as a social dilemma
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-01-08) Castro Santa, Juana; Moros, Lina; Exadaktylos, Filippos; Mantilla, César
We introduce a novel game where a decaying atmospheric quality, modeled as a stock variable determining the payoff externality, can be counteracted through individual mitigation efforts. It encompasses three characteristics of climate change as a social dilemma: (a) the continuous nature of climate degradation, (b) the constant influx of emissions resulting from human economic activities, and (c) the greater efficacy of early mitigation actions. We report findings from an experiment where, across four treatments, we manipulate the starting atmospheric quality and introduce inequality in the endowments employed to mitigate. Results indicate that subjects fail to mitigate in early periods, an individually rational strategy. We do not find differences between treatments at the aggregate level. However, participants treat their groupmates’ past mitigation as a strategic substitute for their own mitigation (i.e., if others’ mitigation increase, participants reduce their mitigation). This substitution is less intense if the initial atmospheric quality is negative.
Tendiendo puentes entre las ciencias sociales y la ciudadanía: cómo comunicar evidencia científica
(Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo, 2025-10-01) Brandts, Jordi; Busom, Isabel; López-Mayán, Cristina
Presentamos un panorama de la investigación experimental sobre cómo comunicar a la ciudadanía la evidencia científica sobre los efectos que tienen diversas políticas públicas, para que aquella pueda tomar decisiones informadas. La existencia de creencias infundadas sobre el funcionamiento de algunas políticas, debidas a menudo a una visión intuitiva y parcial de las mismas, conduce a que se apoyen políticas que reducen el bienestar de la sociedad. Revisamos las bases psicológicas y sociales de dichas creencias, y presentamos evidencia sobre el impacto que tienen diversos formatos de comunicación de la evidencia científica sobre las mismas. Para algunas políticas, como la de control de alquileres, el formato visual produce un mayor abandono de creencias infundadas que el formato escrito.
Retos del Turismo Sostenible en España
(Fundación de las Cajas de Ahorros (FUNCAS), 2025-10-01) Álvarez Verdugo, Milagros; Bel i Queralt, Germà, 1963-; Cardesa-Salzmann, Antonio; Donaire Benito, José A.
Nuestro objetivo es diagnosticar los principales retos del turismo sostenible en España y derivar algunas implicaciones útiles de política pública al respecto. Para dar una base a nuestro diagnóstico, primero discutimos qué significa y qué dimensiones tiene el concepto ‘sostenibilidad’ aplicado al turismo. Después, proponemos una geografía de las áreas problemáticas del turismo en España. Sobre estas bases analizamos la evidencia disponible sobre algunas áreas problemáticas del turismo en España, derivamos algunas implicaciones para la política pública
Technological Content and Institutional Quality of FDI: Investigating the effects on the environment in Brazil
(Elsevier, 2025) Polloni-Silva, Eduardo; Moreno Serrano, Rosina; Moralles, Herick Fernando
Research indicates that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can have both positive and negative effects on the host country's environment. However, the mechanisms underlying these contrasting outcomes remain unclear. This study investigates how the technological content of FDI influences the host region by analyzing regional data from the State of São Paulo, Brazil. In addition, drawing on insights from the institution-based view, the study considers the role of the origin of FDI and the institutional quality of the investors' home countries. The findings challenge the commonly applied ‘one-size-fits-all’ perspective on FDI. Both high- and low-technology investments can contribute to sustainable development in the host region. However, the source of the foreign investment plays a critical role: FDI from countries with weaker institutional frameworks can have harmful effects, regardless of the sector involved. These insights carry significant implications for policymakers and scholars, particularly in the context of emerging economies, suggesting that the assumed benefits of FDI warrant closer scrutiny.
What effect does the aggregate industrial R&D offshoring have on you? A multilevel study
(Elsevier, 2021-08-20) Tojeiro Rivero, Damián
The present study argues that R&D offshoring is not only a matter of firm's decision as in previous literature, but also has an important industrial externality component. For a sample of manufacturing and services industries in the period 2005–15, I study the externalities coming from R&D offshorers in a given industry and the heterogeneous effects of enterprises' internal knowledge base characteristics. The evidence points to offshoring externality (OE) presenting an inverted U-shape with respect to the firms' innovative processes. However, firms with higher levels of human capital and/or internal R&D investments obtain higher returns coming from the OE. Overall, it seems that a strategy (R&D offshoring) that is highly beneficial for enterprises individually, might be also optimal for the Spanish economy.
Do giving voice and social information help in revising a misconception about rent–control?
(2025-08-01) Brandts, Jordi; Busom, Isabel; López-Mayán, Cristina
Citizens' ability to make informed and thoughtful choices when voting for policy proposals rests on their exposure to, and acceptance of, accurate information about the costs and benefits that each proposal entails. We study whether certain social factors affect the disposition to drop a misconception, the belief that rent control increases the availability of affordable housing. We design an on-line experiment where all participants watch a video explaining the scientific evidence on the consequences of this policy. We test whether letting them give feedback (giving voice) and informing them about others' change of beliefs (social information) helps in reducing the misconception. (...)
Ciberseguridad en pequeñas y medianas empresas: vulnerabilidades, amenazas y desarrollo del ciberseguro
(Instituto de Actuarios Españoles, 2025-09-16) El Ferjani, Ibtissame; Alcañiz, Manuela; Santolino, Miguel
Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) representan un pilar esencial del tejido económico global, pero su creciente digitalización también las expone a un número cada vez mayor de ciberataques. A pesar de su vulnerabilidad, muchas de estas empresas no priorizan la ciberseguridad debido a la falta de recursos, conocimientos y percepción errónea del riesgo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los principales riesgos cibernéticos que enfrentan las pymes, los tipos de ciberataques más comunes y el papeldel cibersegurocomo estrategia de mitigación y protección. (...)
Cluster strength and regional resilience: the case of the USA in the Great Recession
(Emerald Publishing, 2025-10-28) Zárate Mirón, Viviana; Moreno Serrano, Rosina
This paper evaluates the role of cluster strength on regional resilience. Previous literature shows that the industrial composition of a region, measured with indicators of its specialization, diversity and related and unrelated variety, is a crucial determinant of resilience. In this article, we aggregate cluster-level data into several indicators of regional cluster strength to proxy for different aspects of the cluster portfolio of a region. In particular, we consider the role of the presence of strong clusters in a regional economy as well as the mix of clusters in which the region has main relevance. (...)
Are rural households poorer than non-rural households in Europe?
(Elsevier, 2024-02-01) Meloni, Cesare; Grazini, Chiara; Marino, Maria; Rocchi, Benedetto; Severini, Simone
A significant amount of political support is directed towards promoting the development of rural areas in Europe. One reason is that rural households are perceived as having a lower income than non-rural ones. However, empirical evidence on the income differential between rural and non-rural areas in Europe is hard to find and incomplete. The present study aims to fill this gap by answering the following research questions: is there an income gap between rural and non-rural households in Europe? If so, what is its magnitude, and does this gap vary based on the country's income level? Does the inclusion of non-monetary sources of income contribute to mitigating the extent of this gap? (...)
Wage cyclicality and labour market institutions
(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-10-01) Pereira, João; Ramos Lobo, Raúl; Martins, Pedro S.
Do labor institutions influence how wages respond to the business cycle? Such responsiveness can then shape several economic outcomes, including unemployment. In this paper, we examine the role of two key labor market institutions—collective bargaining and temporary contracts—upon wage cyclicality. Our evidence is drawn from rich, 2002–2020 matched data from Portugal. We find that workers not covered by collective agreements exhibit much higher wage cyclicality, especially new hires, compared to covered workers. In contrast, workers under temporary contracts do not exhibit sizable differences in cyclicality compared to counterparts under permanent (open-ended) contracts. Our findings highlight a novel angle through which labor institutions influence the labor market and the economy
Have low emission zones slowed urban traffic recovery after Covid-19?
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-07-01) Albalate, Daniel, 1980-; Fageda, Xavier, 1975-
This paper bridges the gap between the literature on the pandemic’s effects on mobility and the literature on the impact of low emission zones (LEZ). Using data for large European cities in the period 2018–2021, we examine whether LEZs may explain differences in the recovery patterns of traffic in European cities after the shock of Covid. Controlling for several city attributes, we examine whether LEZ cities are less congested before and after the pandemic in comparison to non-LEZ cities. LEZs may have been more effective in reducing congestion after the pandemic because the fleet renewal process has slowed down or, alternatively, LEZs may be a proxy of unobservable factors related with attitudes of governments and citizens toward a sustainable mobility. Our results validate the traffic-mitigating role of the LEZ after the Covid-19 pandemic, although such result only holds for the pioneering LEZ cities. Hence, the traffic-mitigating role of the LEZ after the Covid-19 pandemic seems to be related to unobservable attributes that influenced the early decision to implement a LEZ. In this regard, we also find that LEZs may have induced a change in local attributes related to sustainable mobility given that we do not find differences between LEZs decided at the local or regional level.
Carbon Leakage from Fuel Taxes: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
(Springer Verlag, 2024-12-01) Teixidó-Figueras, Jordi; Palencia‑González, F. Javier; Labeaga Azcona, José María; Labandeira Villot, Xavier
We exploit a fuel tax increase in Portugal to identify its effect on cross-border fuel sales and associated carbon leakage in the Spanish border regions. Using a difference-in-difference strategy, we find that while gasoline sales remained unaffected, diesel sales in Spanish border regions increased by 6–9%. Synthetic control methods confirm these estimates and attribute this differential effect by fuel type to routes frequented by heavy-duty vehicles, with large diesel tanks. We estimate a carbon leakage equivalent to 14–20% of Portugal’s annual mitigation commitment for road transport emissions. Our findings imply that heavy goods vehicles’ strategic behavior undermines the potential mitigation effects and revenue gains of transport climate policy, underscoring the need for coordinated policies in similar federal or quasi-federal contexts.

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