Llibres / Capítols de llibre (Filosofia)

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Filòsofes de la contemporaneïtat
(Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2023) Miras Boronat, Núria Sara
Era feminista abans de saber que era feminista. Crec que amb aquesta frase poso nom a l’experiència de moltes dones amb qui convisc i d’altres que he llegit amb fruïció descobrint-me amb elles en una mena de confraria secreta. Tot i que ara puc viure amb joia aquesta manera d’entendre la vida, el despertament del feminisme se sent com un cop sec, com quan topes amb el front contra la paret. Adquireixes de sobte la dolorosa consciència d’estar viva. Potser no has estat tan viva abans, tan present en tu mateixa i tan conscient de qui ets i del lloc que ocupa el teu cos i del sentiment que el teu estar en el món és com si fos una mena d’estar-de-través. La millor descripció d’aquest sentiment l’he llegida en unes notes de la Sara Ahmed sobre una altra cosa a Vivir una vida feminista (2018). Ella diu que treballar per la igualtat i la diversitat en una institució que es resisteix a ser transformada és com posar-se en una relació obliqua amb aquesta institució. És exactament així com em sento. Ser una dona i ser feminista per a mi, en molts moments, és com estar en una relació obliqua amb el món que m’envolta, perquè el feminisme «apareix com un espai de pertorbació» en la cultura pública (Ahmed, 2018: 41).
Jane Addams on Play, Education and Ethical Teaching
(Oxford University Press, 2022-06-21) Miras Boronat, Núria Sara
This chapter addresses Addams’s contribution to childhood education. In Democracy and Social Ethics (1902), Addams claims that the cause of many of our problems is a lack of imagination that prevents us from understanding the experience of other people. Although Addams never wrote a treatise on education (with the exception of The Spirit of the Youth and the City Streets, 1909), notes on play, the arts, and education are scattered throughout all her main works. Not only was her development of these concepts was not only inspired by John Dewey’s work in Chicago’s Laboratory School, but she was also acquainted with the advances of play and education theorists such as Friedrich Frobel, Karl Groos, and Maria Montessori. She expanded these ideas in ways that could be useful for today’s educational challenges. Addams’s revolutionary views are presented regarding (a) the social value of children’s experience and its relation to democracy; (b) the conceptual interdependence of play, the arts, and recreation for children and adults; and (c) the criticism of college education and the possibility of “ethical teaching” with a special focus on service-learning.
Language at Play. Games and Linguistic Turn after Wittgenstein and Gadamer
(Routledge, 2013) Miras Boronat, Núria Sara
Play is a vital component of the social life and well-being of both children and adults. This book examines the concept of play and considers a variety of the related philosophical issues. It also includes meta-analyses from a range of philosophers and theorists, as well as an exploration of some key applied ethical considerations. The main objective of The Philosophy of Play is to provide a richer understanding of the concept and nature of play and its relation to human life and value, and to build disciplinary and paradigmatic bridges between scholars of philosophy and scholars of play. Including specific chapters dedicated to children and play, and exploring the work of key thinkers such as Plato, Sartre, Wittgenstein, Gadamer, Deleuze and Nietzsche, this book is invaluable reading for any advanced student, researcher or practitioner with an interest in education, playwork, leisure studies, applied ethics or the philosophy of sport.
Addams and Gilman: The Foundations of Pragmatism, Feminism and Social Philosophy
(Routledge, 2021) Miras Boronat, Núria Sara
Classical women pragmatists have been absent in the mainstream accounts of both pragmatism and feminism. This mutual omission is striking since pragmatism and feminism share one very fundamental assumption: the recovery of experience. In this chapter, a proposal to overcome this situation is introduced by recovering the works of Addams and Gilman, which lend valuable elements for the creation of a robust theory of power, domination, and oppression that is attractive for feminist theory as well as for social philosophy. First, the validation of women’s experiences through Gilman’s literary work and Addams’s latest philosophical book on memory. Second, the questioning of the strong division of spaces and gender in Addams’s Hull House experiment and in Gilman’s utopian writings. The chapter emphasizes also their being part of a conversation of women of that time and therefore aims at contributing to the production of more inclusive models of the pragmatist conventional genealogy.
Playing Your Self: Modern Rhetorics of Play and Subjectivity
(Routledge, 2017) Miras Boronat, Núria Sara
Play is a universal experience for human and non-human animals. Sutton-Smith presents seven rhetorics: play as progress, play as fate, play as power, play as identity, play as frivolous, the rhetoric of the self, and play as the imaginary. For each rhetoric, Sutton-Smith introduces its history, function, main discipline, scholars and preferred form of play and of player. Distance between humans and their natural environment is the condition for the possibility of freedom and self-reflection. Social settings are studied as performances; as a result, Goffman breaks down the social performance by analogy to the elements of a stage play. There is a constitutive distance between the social self and the inner self, but the meaning of this distance is interpreted differently. The rhetorics of the self have an important consequence for the definition of play as well. The self as a player in a performance can serve as an interpretative metaphor for social interaction.
Oasis of happiness: The play of the world and human existence. Eugen Fink’s multidimensional concept of play
(Routledge, 2015) Miras Boronat, Núria Sara
This chapter considers the idea of rhythmic interruption, through a focus on the version of a playful performance practice that is undertaken in various cities and towns throughout the UK as part of a practice-as-research project. It outlines Henri Lefebvre's theory of rhythmanalysis as part of his broader theory of the production of space, which is followed by the rhythmanalysis of three moments of playful practice and the knowledge produced through exploring the practice. The chapter discusses the relationship of play to dominant ordinary rhythms and explores a moment of flow with another person. Lefebvre's theories on the production of space are conceptually located in his triad consisting of 'spatial practice', 'representations of space' and 'representational space'. The chapter considers a rhythmic ontology of play as distinct from ideological or instrumental conceptions of play, which are concerned with how play functions as a tool for learning necessary skills and behaviours or establishing personal and community identity.
Langage et politique: Langages de frontière
(L' Harmattan, 2019) Palacio, Martha
Quand je parle de l’identité collective des Chicanos je me réfère à une identité qui est en partie le résultat d’un croisement entre différents types d’injustices. Pour les comprendre il nous faudra faire allusion à l’espace en un sens géographique. La référence à la géographie est ici fondamentale car elle articule les représentations d’injustice et nous aide en conséquence à observer la façon dont elles se renforcent, tout comme la tension à partir de laquelle on envisage leurs revendications. L’évocation de l’espace se situe sur deux plans: le lieu depuis lequel on en parle, le locus de l’énonciation, et puis plus fondamentalement la façon dont l’espace est construit et engagé dans des processus de socialisation. Car l’espace habité n’est pas donné tel quel, il résulte de l’interaction entre ceux qui vivent ensemble et s’y retrouve. En tant qu’effet, l’espace définit les limites où cette interaction se donne en même temps que celle-ci le conditionne. Nous pouvons affirmer ainsi que l’habitabilité est une relation dynamique entre les conditions physiques et institutionnelles de l’espace. L’interaction entre les éléments et les personnes qui configurent cet espace est ce qui nous permet de comprendre l’acte de résider comme situation sociale ; la frontière comme espace défensif entre nous et les autres est alors déplacée par la frontière entendue comme demeure.
La voluntad de coherencia: escritos en homenaje a José Manuel Bermudo
(Horsori, 2016-11) González Ricoy, Íñigo; Méndez, Víctor; Pla Vargas, Lluís
Los libros de homenaje constituyen una tradición duradera. ¿Qué podemos hacer –se preguntan alumnos, colaboradores y lectores– como forma de reconocimiento a un profesor, a un maestro? Y la respuesta más natural acostumbra a ser: pues un libro. Porque el profesor suele haber leído muchos libros, escrito él mismo muchos otros y mandado leer muchos más a sus alumnos. Y estos, que aún en los tiempos de internet viven rodeados de ellos, no alcanzan a pensar en otra cosa valiosa que no sea un libro para ofrecerle. Los libros de homenaje, aunque bienintencionados, tienen fama de ser un poco pesados. Demasiado variopintos, demasiado oficiales, demasiado dispersos, hay quien cree que han de ser clasificados entre lo que en inglés se llama nonbooks, cosas que parecen libros, pero que, en realidad, no lo son. Es cierto que algunos no son sino pliegos de firmas en los que se exhiben las fuerzas de las que dispone lo que se llama una escuela, una suerte de una invitación a buscar entre los colaboradores si se necesita a alguien afín para constituir un tribunal. Otros suman a eso un cierto aire de cementerio o de trabalenguas que no invita desde luego a su lectura. Este libro es, sin embargo, un libro de homenaje. José Manuel Bermudo nos ha obligado a organizarlo. No literalmente, claro. Lo más probable es que hubiera desaconsejado el proyecto si hubiera sabido que se preparaba. Pero lo ha hecho con ese largo magisterio filosófico suyo que ha convertido a tantos en sus lectores, en sus alumnos, en sus interlocutores. Lo ha hecho a través de sus clases, de sus publicaciones, de sus traducciones, de sus conferencias, de sus intervenciones en el Seminario de Filosofía Política, del esfuerzo continuado por interactuar con sus alumnos no con el fin de instalarles en alguna verdad, sino, en sus propias palabras, con el de “ayudar a poblar de ideas sus cabezas y de sentimientos sus corazones”...
Names, predicates, and the object–property distinction
(Oxford University Press, 2017-08) Martí, Genoveva
Proper names and predicates are different kinds of expressions, with different semantic functions. Names refer and predicates attribute properties or classify things into kinds. To some of us that is almost a platitude. Nevertheless, some philosophers contend that the difference is just apparent, and they have endorsed predicativist views advocating that names are really predicates and should be treated as such. The purpose of this paper is to argue against predicativism. However, the chapter will not engage the specific arguments offered by proponents of the view. Rather, it will argue that the proposal to treat proper names as predicates is wrong for semantic reasons that are grounded in metaphysical and conceptual considerations.
General Terms, Hybrid Theories and Ambiguity: A Discussion of Some Experimental Results
(Bloomsbury Academic, 2015) Martí, Genoveva
In this paper I examine two sets of experimental results about the semantics of general terms, by Genone and Lombrozo (2012) and by Nichols, Pinillos and Mallon (forthcoming). The results of the two experimental studies allegedly reveal significant variations in semantic intuitions among participants as regards the correct application of general terms. However, the two sets of authors propose two entirely different semantic treatments of general terms in order to explain the significance and the impact of those results. Genone and Lombrozo espouse a hybrid semantics whereas Nichols, Pinillos and Mallon are inclined towards an explanation that appeals to ambiguity. I will cast some doubts on the coherence of a hybrid theory and argue in favor of the ambiguity approach. Nevertheless, I will argue that the sort of ambiguitiy Nichols, Pinillos and Mallon postulate is easy to incorporate to (and is in fact already contemplated by) non-descriptivist approaches to the semantics of general, as well as singular, terms.
Reference without Cognition
(Oxford University Press, 2015-04) Martí, Genoveva
This chapter criticizes the view, recently defended by David Kaplan and others, that uses of proper names semantically refer to their bearers in virtue of speakers’ having the referents in mind. It is argued that grounding semantic reference in cognition is contrary to the tenets that Kaplan himself contributed to establish in the revolution against descriptivism and internalism in semantics. It is argued also that the having in mind of an object is neither necessary nor sufficient for a use of a name to refer to its bearer. The criticisms lead to a reflection on the institution of naming and to a positive proposal: an externalist view, on which referring with uses of names requires that speakers join systematic, not necessarily social, linguistic practices.
Legal Disagreements and Theories of Reference
(Springer, 2016-05-03) Martí, Genoveva; Ramírez Ludeña, Lorena
According to Hartian positivists, law is a conventional practice that requires a convergence that includes not only the regularity of behavior but also of certain beliefs and attitudes. It is easy to conclude that in this framework the meaning of terms is determined by shared criteria that are transparent to all parties, a form of semantic descriptivism. This, at least, is the way in which Dworkin and his followers have interpreted Hart’s positivist stance. The problem is that disagreements often arise on how to interpret the words of the law, and this fact seems to conflict with the emphasis of positivism on the idea of agreement, or so it is argued. If the meaning of legal terms depends on shared criteria, why do individuals disagree? And if they disagree, what does their disagreement consist in? The discussion about how to account for interpretive disagreement can be seen as a discussion about how to account for the meaning of terms, and hence as a discussion about what kind of theory of meaning explains the existence of disagreement and the grounds for its resolution. In some cases a descriptivist approach to semantics seems to be correct, whereas other cases seem to speak in favor of non-descriptivist theories of reference. In this work we will examine critically how two competing approaches to meaning account for disagreements. We will argue that Hart’s conventionalist stance does not commit him to descriptivism. That non-descriptivist theories of reference, properly understood, can account for a vast array of cases of interpretive disagreement; that an account of different kinds of disagreement can be provided from a conventionalist perspective within the framework of non-descriptivist theories of reference, and hence that the dispute between Dworkinians and Hartians does not depend on Hart’s commitment to one or another semantic theory. We argue that both in and out of the legal context, a host of non-semantic considerations have to be taken into account in the adjudication of disputes.
Problemas relacionados con la adivinación. De Pyth. Orac. 10
(Sociedad Española de Plutarquistas, 2005) Méndez Lloret, Ma. Isabel
La adivinación es uno de los temas de mayor preocupación para Plutarco, como lo muestra una parte importante de su producción: «Que Plutarco, (…), se propuso dedicar varias obras a la temática délfica se deduce de sus propias palabras en la dedicatoria de E ap. Delph., “…al enviarte…algunos de mis diálogos píticos a modo de primicias” (384E)»1. Y lo es tanto por sus implicaciones físicas como teológicas. Tanto unas como otras vienen indicadas por la presencia e intervención en el diálogo de personajes que representan alternativas físicas claramente diferenciadas de la propia de Plutarco: la estoica, de boca del poeta Sarapión2, y la epicúrea, del geómetra Boeto.
Leontion: en meditación
(Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2004) Méndez Lloret, Ma. Isabel
Las noticias que nos han llegado de la mujer en el mundo griego hacen referencia a su actividad desplegada en dos ámbitos: el privado y el público, ambos excluyentes. No son simples instrumentos lógicos bajo los cuales organizar una pluralidad de individuos; su función es definir y sobre todo valorar lo propio de la mujer. Disponemos de información suficiente, desde que apareció la escritura hasta que Aristóteles redacta su Política, para saber exactamente cuáles eran las funciones y deberes de la mujer. «A una mujer le sirve de joya el silencio» decía Sófocles (Ayax 291) con tanta brevedad como precisión. Estobeo (4.28.10)1 nos ofrece un largo texto de procedencia neopitagórica en donde se ilustra con tanta perfección...
Hybrid Dispositionalism and the Law
(Oxford University Press, 2019-02) Marques, Teresa
Dworkin’s famous argument from legal disagreements poses a problem for legal positivism by undermining the idea that the law can be (just) the result of the practice and attitudes of norm-applying officials. In recent work, the chapter author argued that a hybrid contextualist theory paired with a dispositional theory of value—a hybrid dispositionalism, for short—offers the resources to respond to similar disagreement- based arguments in other evaluative and normative domains. This chapter claims that the theory the author advocates can extend to legal statements and disputes, and shares some important features with Toh’s (2011) idea that legal statements express shared acceptance of norms. The chapter proposes that a contextualist semantics for legal statements paired with the pragmatic communication of implicatures that express shared acceptances of norms, achieves the same goal that Toh aims at.
The case against semantic relativism
(Routledge, 2019-12-06) Marques, Teresa
This chapter presents reasons against semantic relativism. Semantic relativism is motivated by intuitions that are presumed to raise problems for traditional or contextualist semantics in contested domains of discourse. Intuition-based arguments are those based on competent speakers’ putative intuitions about seeming faultless disagreement, eavesdroppers, and retraction cases. I will organize the discussion in three parts. First, I shall provide a brief introduction to intuition-based arguments offered in favor of semantic relativism. Second, I shall indicate that there are ways for contextualism to explain the (appearance of) intuitions that support semantic relativism. Third, I shall review of experimental results and independent arguments that put into question the appeal of semantic relativism.
Bioética de la maternidad: humanización, comunicación y entorno sanitario
(Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2017) Ausona Prieto, Marta; Boladeras i Cucurella, Margarida; Botet Mussons, Francisco; Brigidi, Serena; Busquets Surribas, Montserrat; Calderer Armengou, Alba; Calle del Fresno, Susana; Cardús i Font, Laura; Delgado Rodríguez, Janet; Goberna Tricas, Josefina; Gómez Fernández, Ma. Analía; Gómez Roig, Ma. Dolores; González Salgado, Sofía; Llobera Cifre, Rosa; Manresa Lamarca, Margarita; Morín Fraile, Victoria; Nicolás Flores, Eva; Obregón Gutiérrez, Noemí; Ortigosa Muñoz, Cristina; Payá Sánchez, Montserrat; Piperberg, Michelle; Puig Calsina, Salut; Scott, Francesca M.
El nacimiento de los hijos constituye un momento fundamental en la vida de las mujeres y de las familias, que afecta a toda la sociedad. Desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX, los cuidados durante el parto y el embarazo han experimentado un proceso de medicalización y tecnificación que ha influido en la asistencia sanitaria, hecho que suscita opiniones encontradas: mientras que algunos lo consideran un signo positivo del progreso médico, otros lo hacen responsable de la deshumanización de las atenciones a las embarazadas y reclaman el retorno a un trato más respetuoso con cada persona. Optar por una asistencia más o menos tecnificada implica decidir, escoger entre diferentes modelos asistenciales, y ello tiene implicaciones éticas, políticas, institucionales y organizativas. ¿A quién corresponde esta decisión? ¿Qué papel deben desempeñar los profesionales? ¿La asistencia obstétrica ha perdido calidad humana? ¿Una menor tecnificación conducirá sin más a una relación más humana? Bioética de la maternidad analiza estas cuestiones a través de un conjunto de trabajos de distintos especialistas que aúnan la experiencia profesional y la labor investigadora, con el objetivo de visibilizar los problemas existentes en este ámbito y sus posibles soluciones.

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