Articles publicats en revistes (Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia)

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Sustained exercise improves growth performance and reduces fat deposition in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed with a high-protein and a high-carbohydrate diet
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-04-25) García-Pérez, Isabel; Montblanch, Manel; Sánchez-Moya, Albert; Perelló-Amorós, Miquel; Otero-Tarrazón, Aitor; Fernández Borrás, J. (Jaume); Blasco Mínguez, Josefina; Gutiérrez Fruitós, Joaquín
In gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), sustained exercise induces metabolic and endocrine adaptations towards more efficient utilization of dietary nutrients and better growth performance. This work aims to examine in this species the combined effects of swimming activity (voluntary swimming vs. exercise) and diet composition (highprotein diet vs. high-carbohydrate diet) on growth performance, muscle composition, flesh texture, and gene expression of growth hormone (Gh)/insulin-like growth factors (Igfs) axis members and muscle development markers. After 6 weeks of experiment, fish subjected to sustained exercise exhibited enhanced growth performance and reduced muscle lipid content, mesenteric fat and hepatosomatic index compared to those in voluntary swimming. Also, exercised fish fed with the high-protein diet showed the highest final body weight. Unexpectedly, exercise appeared to reduce flesh texture parameters, mainly elasticity. Regarding the gene expression, the hepatic levels of the anabolic Gh receptor (ghr-1) were significantly higher in the exercised fish fed with the high-protein diet compared to other groups. The high-protein diet increased the gene expression of different molecules of the Gh/Igfs axis in liver (igf-1, igf-2, igfbp-2b, igfbp-4, igfbp-5b, igf-1rb, akt-2) and akt-2 in muscle, suggesting a better anabolic endocrine state. In muscle, the proteolytic systems’ gene expression was not affected by either swimming activity or diet composition, but the high-protein diet upregulated the transcription of myogenic and proliferative markers like pcna, myf5 and myod2. Overall, these results highlight the positive effects of exercise on growth performance and lipid reserves utilization in gilthead sea bream juveniles, suggesting exercise as a valuable tool when formulating protein-adjusted diets for this species.
Effect of different types of supervised exercise programs on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, pain, fatigue, mental health and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae “EJerSA-COVID-19”: a randomized controlled trial.
(BioMed Central, 2023-12-15) Miravitlles Fernández, Marc; Serra Prat, Mateu; Viñals, Xavier; Girabent i Farrés, Montserrat; Carbonell i Camós, Teresa; Garnacho Castaño, Manuel Vicente; Pleguezuelos Cobo, Eulogio; Sánchez Nuño, Sergio; Carmen, Amin Del; Serra Paya, Noemí; Moreno, Eva; Molina Raya, Lorena, 1979-; Robleda, Gemma; Benet, Marta; Santos-Ruiz, Susana; Biurrun Garrido, Ainoa; Jerez Molina, Carmen
Background: Many patients with COVID-19 present the so-called post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 such as fatigue, post-stress discomfort, dyspnea, headache, pain mental impairment, incapacity to perform daily physical tasks ant exercise intolerance. This study aims to investigate the effects of different exercise programs on physical and mental fitness, physical condition and biomarkers of the immune system and oxidative stress in older patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae. Methods: The sample will be made up of 120 eligible participants, over the age of 60 years who have had COVID-19 disease and are survivors and present persistent COVID-19 symptomatology diagnosed by the corresponding physician. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental groups: supervised endurance group (SEG, n = 30), supervised strength group (SSG, n = 30), supervised concurrent group (SCG, n = 30), which will perform the corresponding exercise program 3 days a week compared to the control group (CG, n = 30), which will not carry out a supervised exercise program. The design of this project will include measurements of four relevant dimensions; 1) Cardiorespiratory fitness; 2) Muscle fitness; 3) Pain and mental health; and 4) Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The results of this study will provide insights into the effects of different exercise programs on physical and mental fitness, physical condition and biomarkers of the immune system and oxidative stress in older patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae. These findings may be the basis for the formulation of health plans and rehabilitation programs that allow healthy aging and a reduction in the associated morbidity in patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae.
Mitochondrial adaptation to diet and swimming activity in Gilthead Seabream: Improved nutritional efficiency.
(Frontiers Media, 2021-06-18) Perelló-Amorós, Miquel; Fernández Borrás, J. (Jaume); Sánchez-Moya, Albert; Vélez, Emilio J.; García-Pérez, Isabel; Gutiérrez Fruitós, Joaquín; Blasco Mínguez, Josefina
Sustained exercise promotes growth in different fish species, and in gilthead seabream we have demonstrated that it improves nutrient use efficiency. This study assesses for differences in growth rate, tissue composition and energy metabolism in gilthead seabream juveniles fed two diets: high-protein (HP; 54% protein, 15% lipid) or high energy (HE; 50% protein, 20% lipid), under voluntary swimming (VS) or moderate-to-low-intensity sustained swimming (SS) for 6 weeks. HE fed fish under VS conditions showed lower body weight and higher muscle lipid content than HP fed fish, but no differences between the two groups were observed under SS conditions. Irrespective of the swimming regime, the white muscle stable isotopes profile of the HE group revealed increased nitrogen and carbon turnovers. Nitrogen fractionation increased in the HP fed fish under SS, indicating enhanced dietary protein oxidation. Hepatic gene expression markers of energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis showed clear differences between the two diets under VS: a significant shift in the COX/CS ratio, modifications in UCPs, and downregulation of PGC1a in the HE-fed fish. Swimming induced mitochondrial remodeling through upregulation of fusion and fission markers, and removing almost all the differences observed under VS. In the HE-fed fish, white skeletal muscle benefited from the increased energy demand, amending the oxidative uncoupling produced under the VS condition by an excess of lipids and the pro-fission state observed in mitochondria. Contrarily, red muscle revealed more tolerant to the energy content of the HE diet, even under VS conditions, with higher expression of oxidative enzymes (COX and CS) without any sign of mitochondrial stress or mitochondrial biogenesis induction. Furthermore, this tissue had enough plasticity to shift its metabolism under higher energy demand (SS), again equalizing the differences observed between diets under VS condition. Globally, the balance between dietary nutrients affects mitochondrial regulation due to their use as energy fuels, but exercise corrects imbalances allowing practical diets with lower protein and higher lipid content without detrimental effects.
Adult-specific Reelin expression alters striatal neuronal organization. Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders.
(Frontiers Media, 2022-02-22) Pardo Muñoz, Mónica; Gregorio Jordán, Sara; Montalban, Enrica; Pujadas Puigdomènech, Lluís; Elias-Tersa, Alba; Vílchez Acosta, Alba del Valle; Parent, Annabelle; Auladell i Costa, M.Carme; Girault, Jean-Antoine; Vila, Miquel; Angus, C. Nairn; Manso Sanz, Yasmina; Soriano Garcia, Eduardo
In addition to neuronal migration, brain development, and adult plasticity, the extracellular matrix protein Reelin has been extensively implicated in human psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, heterozygous reeler mice exhibit features reminiscent of these disorders, while overexpression of Reelin protects against its manifestation. However, how Reelin influences the structure and circuits of the striatal complex, a key region for the above-mentioned disorders, is far from being understood, especially when altered Reelin expression levels are found at adult stages. In the present study, we took advantage of complementary conditional gain- and loss-of-function mouse models to investigate how Reelin levels may modify adult brain striatal structure and neuronal composition. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we determined that Reelin does not seem to influence the striatal patch and matrix organization (studied by μ-opioid receptor immunohistochemistry) nor the density of medium spiny neurons (MSNs, studied with DARPP-32). We show that overexpression of Reelin leads to increased numbers of striatal parvalbumin- and cholinergic-interneurons, and to a slight increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive projections. We conclude that increased Reelin levels might modulate the numbers of striatal interneurons and the density of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections, suggesting that these changes may be involved in the protection of Reelin against neuropsychiatric disorders.
Capillary pruning couples tissue perfusion and oxygenation with cardiomyocyte maturation in the postnatal mouse heart
(Frontiers Media, 2023-11-07) Santamaría, Ricardo; Cruz-Caballero, Javier; Gkontra, Polyxeni; Jiménez-Montiel, Alberto; Clemente, Cristina; López, Juan A.; Villalba-Orero, María; Vázquez, Jesús; Hutloff, Andreas; Lara-Pezzi, Enrique; Arroyo, Alicia G.
Introduction: Removal of poorly perfused capillaries by pruning contributes to remodeling the microvasculature to optimize oxygen and nutrient delivery. Blood flow drives this process by promoting the intravascular migration of endothelial cells in developing networks, such as in the yolk sac, zebrafish brain or postnatal mouse retina. Methods: In this study, we have implemented innovative tools to recognize capillary pruning in the complex 3D coronary microvasculature of the postnatal mouse heart. We have also experimentally tested the impact of decreasing pruning on the structure and function of this network by altering blood flow with two different vasodilators: losartan and prazosin. Results: Although both drugs reduced capillary pruning, a combination of experiments based on ex vivo imaging, proteomics, electron microscopy and in vivo functional approaches showed that losartan treatment resulted in an inefficient coronary network, reduced myocardial oxygenation and metabolic changes that delayed the arrest of cardiomyocyte proliferation, in contrast to the effects of prazosin, probably due to its concomitant promotion of capillary expansion. Discussion: Our work demonstrates that capillary pruning contributes to proper maturation and function of the heart and that manipulation of blood flow may be a novel strategy to refine the microvasculature and improve tissue perfusion after damage.
Impact of ocean acidification on skeletal structures in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): In vitro and in vivo studies
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-01-01) Rodríguez Carretero, Inmaculada; García-Pérez, Isabel; Sadeghi, Nazanin; Montblanch, Manel; Gutiérrez Fruitós, Joaquín; Navarro Álvarez, Isabel; Capilla Campos, Encarnación; Garcia de la Serrana Castillo, Daniel
Ocean acidification is considered a significant risk to aquaculture, as it may adversely affect the growth and development of aquatic organisms. The effect of ocean acidification has been shown to impair the growth and survival of fish and to increase otoliths calcification in certain species; however, its effects on bone mineralization remain not well studied. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of seawater acidification on the skeletal mineralization of gilthead sea bream juveniles, and to assess the direct impact of distinct pH levels on bone-derived cells development. After 68 days of exposure to low pH, fish exhibited a significantly reduced specific growth rate and elevated plasma pH levels, which influenced electrolyte concentrations such as potassium. Moreover, fish exposed to low pH showed increased otoliths size but no differences in shape. In bone, a higher vertebral length/height ratio was also observed, accompanied by significantly reduced opacity and increased expression of the osteoblast and osteoclast markers, alkaline phosphatase (alp) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), respectively, suggesting an elevated rate of bone turnover although reduced mineralization. In vitro, osteoblasts exposed to a low extracellular pH for 30 days exhibited increased viability and mineralization compared to cells maintained at a plasma pH or an alkaline pH. Additionally, the pH level significantly influenced the expression of several extracellular matrix components and osteoblast markers supporting those observations. Overall, these findings underscore the threat that ocean acidification poses to aquaculture, particularly through its impact on skeletal mineralization in gilthead sea bream, and highlight the importance of identifying approaches to farming resilient fish.
Characterization of myogenesis in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using primary white muscle cell cultures
(Nature Publishing Group, 2025) García-Pérez, Isabel; Rodríguez, Inmaculada; Rubio, Albert; Díaz-Serrano, Carla; Capilla Campos, Encarnación; Navarro Álvarez, Isabel; Blasco Mínguez, Josefina; Gutiérrez Fruitós, Joaquín
This study presents the first characterization of a primary cell culture from white skeletal muscleof European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Using immunofluorescence and gene expressionanalyses over 12 days, cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, fusion, and maturation phaseswere described. During culture development, myogenic regulatory factors (myf5, myod1, myod2,myog, mrf4) were sequentially expressed. Proliferation peaked at days 4–6, with high Pcna andMyod immunodetection and gene expression of pax7, c-met, and pcna. Early downregulationof cell cycle regulators, cdkn1a and cdkn1cb, and mstnb may have contributed to proliferation,while cdkn1bb progressively increased, likely to promote differentiation. The Gh/Igf axis showeddifferential regulation, igf-1 decreasing early and igf-2, igf-1ra, igf-1rb, and igfbp-1a gradually rising.Differentiation, myotube formation, and maturation were marked by higher Myhc staining, sarcomeredevelopment, and upregulation of cdh15, cav3, mef2, mymk, mymx, myhcb, and wnt4. Anabolic (akt2,mtor, eif4ebp1) and proteolytic-related genes (foxo1a, murf1, mafbx, capn1, capn3b, atg12, map1lc3b)increased in later stages. Comparison with other vertebrates revealed both conserved and speciesspecificregulatory mechanisms of myogenesis. These findings provide a comprehensive molecularframework of skeletal muscle development in European sea bass and establish a valuable in vitromodel for studying fish muscle biology and potential aquaculture and biotechnology applications.
The Liver Clock Tunes Transcriptional Rhythms in Skeletal Muscle to Regulate Mitochondrial Function
(SAGE Publications, 2026-01-04) Sica, Valentina; Sato, Tomoki; Tsialtas, Ioannis; Hernandez, Sophia; Chen, Siwei; Baldi, Pierre; Muñoz Cánoves, Pura, 1962-; Sassone-Corsi, Paolo; Koronowski, Kevin B.; Smith, Jacob Anderson Giffen
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Development of Insulin and Leptin Resistance in the Mouse Brainstem with Age
(Humana Press., 2026-01-16) Frutos González, Elvira de; Lauzurica, Nuria; Ochoa Navarro, José Joaquín; García San Frutos, Miriam; Aguado Tomàs, Fernando; Fernández-Agulló, Teresa
Physiological aging involves a progressive deterioration of homeostatic mechanisms that cause obesity and defective glucose homeostasis, which develop age-related diseases increasing mortality risk and reducing lifespan. The brainstem is involved in glucose and metabolic homeostasis by integrating peripheral signals such as insulin and leptin. Here, we evaluated the brainstem response to intracerebroventricular administration of insulin or leptin and the relationship with physiological levels of key molecules implicated in their signal transduction pathway and inflammation in 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old mice which progressively increase adiposity and develop signs of insulin resistance. The initial steps of insulin and leptin signaling pathways decline with age, as well as the protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation response. Both hormones decrease the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but, while the response to insulin increases with age, the response to leptin decreases in older animals. This insulin and leptin resistance is accompanied by changes in basal protein expression or phosphorylation of insulin and leptin receptors and insulin receptor substrates-1 (IRS-1), as well as the imbalance between basal levels of Akt-phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated protein, without changes in other serine kinases and/or inflammatory pathways such as glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 (GSK3), mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR), kinase-p70S6 (p70), protein kinase-C-ε (PKCε), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), or c-Janus N-terminal kinase (JNK). High levels of proinflammatory cytokines and glial cell activation suggest the development of neuroinflammation in the brainstem with age, which could mediate the age-associated insulin and leptin resistance and the impairment in glucose and metabolic homeostasis commonly observed in the aging process.
Neuromechanobiology: Bridging Mechanobiology and Neuroscience Through Evidence and Open Questions
(MDPI, 2026-01-19) Zimkowska, Karolina; Riu-Villanueva, Marc; Río Fernández, José Antonio del
Neuromechanobiology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field at the interface of neuroscience and mechanobiology, aiming to elucidate how mechanical forces influence the development, organization, and function of the nervous system. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of the discipline, its molecular and biophysical foundations, and the experimental strategies employed to investigate it. Recent advances have revealed the pivotal roles of substrate stiffness, mechanical signaling, and force transduction in neural stem proliferation, axon guidance, synapse formation, and neural circuit maturation. All these effects originate at the molecular level and extend to the mesoscopic scale. Disrupted mechanotransduction has been increasingly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring its clinical relevance. Key unresolved questions and future directions are also highlighted, with emphasis on the need for integrative approaches to decipher the complex interplay between mechanical forces and neural function.
Dense core vesicle markers in CSF and cortical tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease
(BioMed Central, 2021-12-01) Barranco Muñoz, Neus; Plá, Virginia; Alcolea, Daniel; Sánchez Domínguez, Irene; Fischer-Colbrie, Reiner; Ferrer, Isidro (Ferrer Abizanda); Lleó Bisa, Alberto; Aguado Tomàs, Fernando
Background: New fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that reveal synaptic and neural network dysfunctions are needed for clinical practice and therapeutic trial design. Dense core vesicle (DCV) cargos are promising cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicators of synaptic failure in AD patients. However, their value as biomarkers has not yet been determined. Methods: Immunoassays were performed to analyze the secretory proteins prohormone convertases PC1/3 and PC2, carboxypeptidase E (CPE), secretogranins SgIII and SgII, and Cystatin C in the cerebral cortex (n = 45, provided by Bellvitge University Hospital) and CSF samples (n = 66, provided by The Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration cohort) from AD patients (n = 56) and age-matched controls (n = 55). Results: In AD tissues, most DCV proteins were aberrantly accumulated in dystrophic neurites and activated astrocytes, whereas PC1/3, PC2 and CPE were also specifically accumulated in hippocampal granulovacuolar degeneration bodies. AD individuals displayed an overall decline of secretory proteins in the CSF. Interestingly, in AD patients, the CSF levels of prohormone convertases strongly correlated inversely with those of neurodegeneration markers and directly with cognitive impairment status. Conclusions: These results demonstrate marked alterations of neuronal-specific prohormone convertases in CSF and cortical tissues of AD patients. The neuronal DCV cargos are biomarker candidates for synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in AD.
Immune-Derived Cardiac Autonomic Signatures: Predicting Autonomic Responses to Exercise from B-Cell Phenotypes
(Frontiers Media, 2026-01-15) Castillo-Aguilar, Matías; Viscor Carrasco, Ginés; Sarmiento, L.; Sepúlveda, J.; Navarrete M.; Núñez Espinosa, Cristian Andrés
Objective: Aging affects both immune and autonomic regulation, yet their interaction remains poorly characterized. This study investigated how aging B-cell subpopulations, defined by CD21/CD11c expression, are associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dynamics, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise in older adults. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 81 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 70.7 ± 5.8 years) underwent immune flow cytometry profiling of total B cells and four CD21/CD11c phenotypes. Continuous R–R interval (RRi) data were recorded at rest, during a standardized Two-Minute Step Test (TMST), and over a 5-min recovery period. A coupled-logistic RRi-vs-time model capturing each participant’s cardiac autonomic signature (CAS) was obtained. Individual parameter estimates were regressed on standardized immune predictors using multivariate Bayesian models adjusted for age, sex and body composition. Results: Higher counts of CD21+CD11c>+ B cells were associated with elevated baseline RRi (resting vagal tone), an increased exercise-induced RRi drop, and an incomplete post-exercise recovery. Conversely, greater CD21−CD11c− B-cell counts were associated with lower resting RRi, a faster sympathetic-driven RRi decrease during exercise, and more complete vagal reactivation during recovery. High posterior probability (>90%) was observed for the aforementioned posterior estimates. Conclusion: CD21 + CD11c + and CD21−CD11c− aging B-cell subsets display opposite associations with ANS responsiveness to acute exercise, suggesting immunosenescence-linked autonomic modulation on the neuro-immune axis. Distinct B-cell phenotypes may serve as biomarkers of resilience or fragility in aging, supporting personalized interventions to optimize cardiovascular health in aging individuals.
Syntaxin-1 is necessary for UNC5A-C/Netrin-1-dependent macropinocytosis and chemorepulsion
(Frontiers Media, 2023-09-27) Martínez Mármol, Ramón; Soriano García, Eduardo; Muhaisen, Ashraf; Cotrufo, Tiziana; Roselló Busquets, Cristina; Ros i Torres, Oriol; Hernaiz Llorens, Marc; Pérez-Brangulí, Francesc; Andrés, Rosa María; Parcerisas Mosqueda, Antoni; Pascual Sánchez, Marta; Ulloa Darquea, Fausto Alexander
Introduction: Brain connectivity requires correct axonal guidance to drive axons to their appropriate targets. This process is orchestrated by guidance cues that exert attraction or repulsion to developing axons. However, the intricacies of the cellular machinery responsible for the correct response of growth cones are just being unveiled. Netrin-1 is a bifunctional molecule involved in axon pathfinding and cell migration that induces repulsion during postnatal cerebellar development. This process is mediated by UNC5 homolog receptors located on external granule layer (EGL) tracts. Methods: Biochemical, imaging and cell biology techniques, as well as syntaxin-1A/B (Stx1A/B) knock-out mice were used in primary cultures and brain explants. Results and discussion: Here, we demonstrate that this response is characterized by enhanced membrane internalization through macropinocytosis, but not clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We show that UNC5A, UNC5B, and UNC5C receptors form a protein complex with the t-SNARE syntaxin-1. By combining botulinum neurotoxins, an shRNA knock-down strategy and Stx1 knock-out mice, we demonstrate that this SNARE protein is required for Netrin1-induced macropinocytosis and chemorepulsion, suggesting that Stx1 is crucial in regulating Netrin-1-mediated axonal guidance.
Specific contribution of Reelin expressed by Cajal-Retzius cells or GABAergic interneurons to cortical lamination
(National Academy of Sciences, 2022-09-06) Vílchez Acosta, Alba del Valle; Manso Sanz, Yasmina; Cárdenas, Adrián; Elias-Tersa, Alba; Martínez-Losa, Magdalena; Pascual Sánchez, Marta; Alvarez-Dolado, Manuel; Nairn, Angus C.; Borrell Franco, Víctor; Soriano García, Eduardo
The extracellular protein Reelin, expressed by Cajal–Retzius (CR) cells at early stages of cortical development and at late stages by GABAergic interneurons, regulates radial migration and the “inside-out” pattern of positioning. Current models of Reelin functions in corticogenesis focus on early CR cell–derived Reelin in layer I. However, developmental disorders linked to Reelin deficits, such as schizophrenia and autism, are related to GABAergic interneuron–derived Reelin, although its role in migration has not been established. Here we selectively inactivated the Reln gene in CR cells or GABAergic interneurons. We show that CR cells have a major role in the inside-out order of migration, while CR and GABAergic cells sequentially cooperate to prevent invasion of cortical neurons into layer I. Furthermore, GABAergic cell–derived Reelin compensates some features of the reeler phenotype and is needed for the fine tuning of the layer-specific distribution of cortical neurons. In the hippocampus, the inactivation of Reelin in CR cells causes dramatic alterations in the dentate gyrus and mild defects in the hippocampus proper. These findings lead to a model in which both CR and GABAergic cell–derived Reelin cooperate to build the inside-out order of corticogenesis, which might provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders linked to abnormal migration and Reelin deficits.
Editorial: The impact of lipid metabolism on cancer progression and metastasis
(Frontiers Media, 2025-12-10) Aydemir, Duygu; Martín Pérez, Miguel; Sunami, Yoshiaki
Recent advances in oncology, immunology, and metabolic medicine have increasingly positioned lipid metabolism as a central determinant of cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. Across multiple domains, lipid metabolic pathways are now understood to intersect with endocrine regulation, immune cell function, and systemic metabolic homeostasis, thereby influencing tumor behavior at both cellular and organismal levels. This expanding body of evidence highlights lipid metabolism not as an isolated biochemical process, but as an integrative axis that coordinates metabolic, immunological, and endocrine signals within the tumor microenvironment and throughout the host. Such a multidimensional perspective underscores the importance of synthesizing cross-disciplinary findings to fully elucidate the mechanistic and translational relevance of lipid metabolic regulation in contemporary cancer research.
Association of Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Parameters With Lung Function in 7-Year-Old Children
(Human Kinetics, 2025-02-01) García Alday, Iker; San Millán Alonso, Marta; Cazorla-González, Jorge; Roman Viñas, Blanca; Serrano-Ferrer, Juan; Jòdar-Portas, Anna; Prats Puig, Anna; Font Lladó, Raquel
Purpose: Associations between health-related parameters and lung function remain unclear in childhood. The study aims toevaluate the relationship between physical fitness and anthropometric parameters with the lung function of healthy scholar-agedchildren. Method: A total of 418 children aged 7 years old participated in this study. The associations of physical fitness(handgrip strength, standing broad jump, and 800-m run) and anthropometric (waist circumference and body mass index)parameters with lung function (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s) were analyzed using a mixed-linearregression model. Results: Girls had significantly lower forced vital capacity values (P = .006) and physical fitness (P < .030)compared to boys. On mixed-linear regression analyses, waist circumference (P = .003) was independently associated withforced vital capacity, explaining 34.6% of its variance, while handgrip strength (P = .042) and waist circumference (P = .010)were independently associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second, accounting together for 26.5% of its variance in7-year-old healthy children. Conclusions: Handgrip strength and waist circumference were associated with lung function inhealthy children highlighting the influence of upper body muscular strength and trunk dimension on lung function. Our resultscorroborate the need to promote physical fitness during childhood to protect against lung complications in later on in life.
Pressure, Vibration, and Percussion in Athletic Recovery: With Great Power ComesGreat Responsibility
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2024-07-01) Arrillaga, Beatriz; Konrad, Andreas; García Alday, Iker
Self-applied mechanical pressure on the body is instinctively performed by several mammals, such as camels, sheep, and horses. In recent years, humans have further sophisticated this behavior due to advances in engineering. Pressure and vibration applied via skin contact are the foundation of many new electronic and mechanical devices developed by the recovery industry. Some of these devices rely on percussive motion, distinct from both massage and vibration in its amplitude, frequency, and direction of pressure. They can offer a rapid and powerful stimulus applied at the will of the user to relieve tension in muscles (1). Considering the increase in the magnitude of the mechanical power, the question is, “How much impulse do we need to speed up recovery?”
Morphofunctional characterization of the three main adipose tissue depots in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(Elsevier Ltd., 2024-10-18) Rosell-Moll, Enrique; My, N. T. K.; Balbuena-Pecino, Sara; Montblanch, Manel; Rodríguez Carretero, Inmaculada; Gutiérrez Fruitós, Joaquín; Garcia de la Serrana Castillo, Daniel; Capilla Campos, Encarnación; Navarro Álvarez, Isabel
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the primary fat reservoir and energy source in fish. Other relevant fat depots include subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), located under epithelial layers, and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), found between the myotomes. The present study investigates the morphological, gene expression and functional characteristics of these different depots in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Commercial rainbow trout of two different average weights were sampled for histology, lipid quantification and fatty acids profile. Mature adipocytes were isolated for gene expression analyses of lipid metabolic markers. Both VAT and SAT showed large adipocytes, and high total lipid content, suggesting hypertrophic growth. Adipocytes in IMAT were consistently smaller regardless of fish size. While fatty acid composition was similar across depots, SAT had lower levels of palmitic acid and higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids that act as precursors of phospholipids and eicosanoids such as eicosapentaenoic acid, compared to VAT and IMAT. Gene expression analyses revealed higher levels of fatty acid transporters, lipolysis and β-oxidation markers in VAT and SAT compared to IMAT, suggesting a more active lipid metabolism. These data support the role of VAT as the main energy depot, while SAT may act as a secondary reservoir, and IMAT potentially serves as an occasional energy source for muscles. This study provides valuable insights into the distinct properties of the different fat depots in fish, which may help to optimize strategies to modulate adiposity for improved health, metabolism, and product quality.
JNK signaling and its impact on neural cell maturation and differentiation
(Elsevier, 2024-05-25) Castro-Torres, Rubén Darío; Olloquequi, Jordi; Parcerisas, Antoni; Ureña, Jesús; Ettcheto Arriola, Miren; Beas Zárate, Carlos; Camins Espuny, Antoni; Verdaguer, Ester; Auladell i Costa, M. Carme
C-Jun-N-terminal-kinases (JNKs), members of the mitogen-activated-protein-kinase family, are significantly linked with neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies and cancer progression. However, JNKs serve key roles under physiological conditions, particularly within the central-nervous-system (CNS), where they are critical in governing neural proliferation and differentiation during both embryogenesis and adult stages. These processes control the development of CNS, avoiding neurodevelopment disorders. JNK are key to maintain the proper activity of neural-stem-cells (NSC) and neural-progenitors (NPC) that exist in adults, which keep the convenient brain plasticity and homeostasis. This review underscores how the interaction of JNK with upstream and downstream molecules acts as a regulatory mechanism to manage the self-renewal capacity and differentiation of NSC/NPC during CNS development and in adult neurogenic niches. Evidence suggests that JNK is reliant on non-canonical Wnt components, Fbw7-ubiquitin-ligase, and WDR62-scaffold-protein, regulating substrates such as transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins. Therefore, understanding which pathways and molecules interact with JNK will bring knowledge on how JNK activation orchestrates neuronal processes that occur in CNS development and brain disorders.
Static Cold Storage and Machine Perfusion: Redefining the Role of Preservation and Perfusate Solutions
(MDPI, 2025-12-04) Panisello Roselló, Arnau; Carbonell i Camós, Teresa; Roselló Catafau, Juan; Vengohechea, Jordi; Hessheimer, Amelia; Adam, R. (René); Fondevila Campo, Constantino
Static cold storage (SCS) remains the most widely used method of liver graft preservation due to its simplicity, accessibility, and reduced cost in transplantation practice. Since the invention of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, several alternative preservation solutions—including histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate (HTK), Celsior, and more recently IGL-1 and IGL-2—have been formulated to optimize cellular and vascular protection during cold ischemia. More recently, the introduction of dynamic perfusion techniques, such as hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), approximately fifteen years ago, has further enhanced transplantation protocols, being applied either alone or in combination with traditional SCS to ensure optimal graft preservation prior to implantation. Despite these technological advances, achieving fully effective dynamic perfusion remains a key challenge for improving outcomes in vulnerable grafts, particularly steatotic or marginal livers. This review details how Polyethylene Glycol 35 (PEG35)-based solutions activate multiple cytoprotective pathways during SCS, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nitric oxide (NO) production, and the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. We propose that these molecular mechanisms serve as a form of preconditioning that is synergistically leveraged by HOPE to preserve mitochondrial function, endothelial glycocalyx integrity, and microvascular homeostasis. Furthermore, the oncotic and rheological properties of PEG35 reduce perfusate viscosity, mitigating shear stress and microcirculatory damage during dynamic perfusion—effects that are further enhanced by NO- and AMPK-mediated protection initiated during the SCS phase. This integrated approach provides a strong rationale for combining PEG35-mediated SCS with HOPE, particularly for grafts with high susceptibility to ischemia–reperfusion injury, such as fatty livers. Finally, we highlight emerging avenues in graft preservation, including the design of unified perfusion solutions that optimize endothelial, mitochondrial, and redox protection, with the potential to improve post-transplant outcomes and extend applicability to other solid organ grafts.

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