Articles publicats en revistes (Economia)

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The Impact of Fare Reductions on Public Transportation Use
(Elsevier, 2025-09-26) Cervini-Pla, Maria; Tomàs Fornés, Mariona; Vázquez Grenno, Javier
This paper empirically examines how consumers respond to reductions in public transportation fares by analyzing changes in their use of public transport. We exploit a policy that lowered fares across several municipalities in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Our findings indicate a 39 percent increase in public transportation use during the year following the policy’s implementation. To assess whether the visibility of the policy shaped this response, we also examine the effects of the subsequent announcement of its financing scheme, nearly a year later. The announcement clarified that the fare reduction would be funded through a tax on homeowners. Once taxpayers became fully aware of both the fare reduction and its financing mechanism, their use of public transportation increased further, supporting the hypothesis that the visibility of public policies can shape individuals’ behavior regarding their use of public services. Finally, we estimate partial welfare effects, identifying both winners and losers.
Working from Home in European Countries Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Springer Nature, 2025-03-01) Jerbashian, Vahagn; Vilalta-Bufí, Montserrat
We use data from the representative EU Labour Force Survey for 28 countries and document the levels of working from home in 2011–2022. This period is relevant as it includes the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We show significant differences in working from home across countries, industries, and occupations. Working from home has increased in several sample countries and almost all industries and occupations in the 2011–2019 period and more significantly in the years affected by the pandemic. Although there is a general decline in working from home in 2022, the prevalence of working from home remains generally well above the pre-pandemic levels. We show that the rise in working from home is associated with lower employment losses during the pandemic years. We also compute a measure of working from home capacity for the sample countries using the observed working from home levels.
Pharmaceutical Innovation Collaboration, Evaluation, and Matching
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-12-01) Liu, Qianshuo
This paper theoretically studies pharmaceutical innovation collaborations, where heterogeneous firms compete for heterogeneous academics. At an interim stage, the firm evaluates the project, which allows it to monitor academics and decide whether to terminate the project to avoid the loss from a future failure. This paper explores the contract, project termination strategy, and collaboration matching. The firm’s innovation strategy (exploitations or explorations) determines the evaluation structure, which may affect the market equilibrium. (...)
Corporate environmental R&D: does organisational innovation matter?
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-06-01) Río González, Pablo del; Garcia-Quevedo, Jose; Martínez-Ros, Ester
Investments in environmental research and development (R&D) are a crucial element for firms to make superior environmental performance compatible with financial performance. This relevance of environmental R&D suggests a need to identify its drivers. However, the literature on environmental R&D has given a prominent focus to external drivers to the firm, with a limited focus on factors internal to the firm. In contrast, the impact of crucial organisational changes in firms, in the form of organisational innovation, has not been addressed. We argue that organisational innovation drives environmental R&D expenditures. Using data on manufacturing firms from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel survey during 2008–2016, we find support for this idea. Further analysis suggests that it is particularly the introduction of new methods of organising workplaces that is positively associated with environmental R&D. This suggests that a regulatory environment that facilitates workplace flexibility may promote environmental R&D investments.
Consumer and business confidence connectedness in the euro area : A tale of two crises
(2025-08) Fernández Pérez, Adrian; Gómez-Puig, Marta; Sosvilla Rivero, Simón
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the propagation of consumer and business confidence in the euro area with a particular focus on the global financial crisis (GFC), the European sovereign debt crisis (ESDC) and theCOVID-19-induced GreatLockdown. Design/methodology/approach: The authors apply Diebold and Yilmaz’s connectedness framework and the improved method based on the time-varying parameter vectorautoregressive model. Findings: The authors find that although the evolution of business confidence marked the GFC and the ESDC the role of consumer confidence (mainly in those countries with stricter containment and closure measures) increased in the COVID-19-induced crisis. Originality/value: The findings are related to the different origins of the examined crisis periods, and the analysis of their interrelationship is a very relevant topic for future research.
Understanding the Effects of Granting Work Permits to Undocumented Immigrants
(The University of Chicago Press, 2025-07-01) Elias, Ferran; Monràs, Joan; Vázquez Grenno, Javier
This paper studies the legalization of 600,000 non-EU immigrants by the unexpectedly elected Spanish government following the terrorist attacks of 2004. By comparing non-EU to EU immigrants we first estimate that the policy did not lead to magnet effects. We then show that the policy change increased labor market opportunities for immigrants by allowing them to enter sectors of the economy with fewer informal employment. We rely on cross-province comparisons to document that payroll-tax revenues increased by around 4,000 euros per legalized immigrant, and the heterogeneous effect of the policy on various groups of workers. We provide a theoretical framework based on monopsonistic competition to guide our empirical work and interpret our findings.
Government, Taxation and Economic Complexity
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-07-01) Barros, Fernando, Jr.; Brotherhood, Luiz; Gomes, Fábio A. R.; Rangel, Victor
This paper investigates the relationship between tax complexity, economic complexity, and government size. The findings are obtained through cross-country panel data and two-way fixed effects regressions, and reveal a nuanced connection: under small (large) government scales, increased tax complexity is associated with greater (smaller) economic sophistication. This suggests that tax complexity’s positive and negative aspects vary depending on the government conditions provided to the economy.
The Economic Linkages of Covid-19 Across Sectors and Regions in Europe
(Springer Nature, 2025-03-15) Pérez-Sebastián, Fidel; Serrano Quintero, Rafael
This paper builds a spatial model of trade with supply-chain links to examine the effect of economic links and anti-COVID policies on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during the first wave across NUTS2 regions of the European Union (EU) and the UK. We find that the effort to reduce infection rates was more successful in the UK than in the EU, and that the deaths due to the trade vector were 10% on average across Europe. Our results imply that without the policy response in Europe, the number of deaths during the first wave would have been about 4,520,000 higher in the EU and around 1,240,000 greater in the UK, with significant variations across regions. Oberbayern in Germany and South Yorkshire in the UK appear as the most effective in reducing the death burden of COVID-19 at different points during the first wave. Moreover, 42% and 37% of the total deaths in the UK and the EU, respectively, could have been prevented if the policy implemented in these two regions had prevailed throughout Europe.
Diversifying economic risks : Japan’s economic hedging toward China
(Oxford University Press, 2024-05-01) Vidal López, Lluc; Pelegrín Solé, Àngels; González-Pujol, Ivan
International Relations has traditionally identified balancing and bandwagoningas the two predominant strategies adopted by states in responseto a rising power that threatens the status quo. However,recent academic debates have highlighted the emergence of hedgingas a middle-ground approach adopted by states facing a rising powerwith ambiguous intentions, particularly when the stakes are high.Economic hedging forms a critical element of this strategy, as it allowsstates to maximize economic benefits while minimizing the risks of dependencythrough trade and investment. We present an analyticalframework based on Kuik’s model, which focuses on the concept ofeconomic diversification in trade and investment. We test its validitythrough an analysis of the diversification initiatives of the Abe administrationand our central argument is that Japan’s diversification efforts
Gastric cancer in Spain: evaluating productivity loss and economic impact
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-10-16) Darbà, Josep; Ascanio, Meritxell; Agüera, Ainoa
Introduction In 2018, gastric cancer (GC) was estimated to account for over 1.03 million new cases globally, making it one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. In Spain, about 6,913 new cases were diagnosed in 2022. GC is an aggressive cancer originating in the stomach and ranks fifth in cancer incidence and third in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite treatment, only 25% of patients survive more than 5 years after diagnosis.
Clinical validation of an artificial intelligence-based decision support system for diagnosis and risk stratification of heart failure (STRATIFYHF): a protocol for a prospective, multicentre longitudinal study
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2025-01-07) MacGowan, Guy; Charman, Sarah Jane; Okwose, Nduka C; Groenewegen, Amy; Del Franco, Annamaria; Tafelmeier, Maria; Preveden, Andrej; Garcia Sebastian, Cristina; Fuller, Amy S; Sinclair, David; Edwards, Duncan; Nelissen, Anne Pauline; Malitas, Petros; Zisaki, Aikaterini; Darbà, Josep; Bosnic, Zoran; Vracar, Petar; Barlocco, Fausto; Fotiadis, Dimitris; Banerjee, Prithwish
Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome. Accurate risk stratification and early diagnosis of HF are challenging as its signs and symptoms are non-specific. We propose to address this global challenge by developing the STRATIFYHF artificial intelligence-driven decision support system (DSS), which uses novel analytical methods in determining the risk, diagnosis and prognosis of HF. The primary aim of the present study is to collect prospective clinical data to validate the STRATIFYHF DSS (in terms of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) as a tool to predict the risk, diagnosis and progression of HF. The secondary outcomes are the demographic and clinical predictors of risk, diagnosis and progression of HF.
Relationship between a diagnosis of kidney failure and heart diseases in patients with hyperkalemia
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-11-13) Darbà, Josep; Ascanio, Meritxell; Agüera, Ainoa
Abstract Objectives This study seeks to determine the association between kidney failure and heart diseases by examining how they influence the diagnosis of hyperkalemia. Methods We employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design (RDD) by harnessing the inherent threshold in potassium levels, which serves as a diagnostic criterion for hyperkalemia. Simultaneously, we utilize patient diagnosis data related to kidney failure and heart diseases. This approach allows us to evaluate the causal impact of both diagnoses on hyperkalemia.
Assessing a decade of leukaemia-related premature mortality costs:impact on productivity loss in Spain
(Springer Verlag, 2025-06-01) Darbà, Josep; Ascanio, Meritxell; Agüera, Ainoa
Abstract Introduction Cancer mortality is one of the dominant causes of productivity loss; and within all cancer sites, blood cancer is the fourth most common cause of death in Spain. Thus, its impacts in work productivity are a major concern and represent a high social impact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity losses resulting from of premature deaths due to leukaemia in Spain.
Suburbanization and transportation in European cities
(Oxford University Press, 2024-11-01) García López, Miquel-Àngel; Pasidis, Ilias; Viladecans Marsal, Elisabet
We study whether highway and railroad improvements cause population suburbanization in Europe’s cities. We construct a unique population and transportation dataset covering 579 cities from 29 European countries for the period 1961—2011. In order to make a causal inference, we rely on historical instruments. Our average results indicate that highways but not railroads were responsible for the suburbanization process: each additional highway ray decreased the share of the central city population by 5 percentage points, whereas new railroads had no impact. The heterogeneity analyses provide evidence of different patterns based on the time of the investment, the city’s size and density, and its geographical location.
The Political Economy of Coastal Development
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-10-01) Magontier, Pierre; Solé Ollé, Albert; Viladecans Marsal, Elisabet
Coastal development has advantages, such as job creation, and drawbacks, such as the loss of environmental amenities, for both residents and non-residents. Local governments may prioritize their constituents’ interests, resulting in suboptimal coastal development. We investigate how political alignment among neighboring mayors facilitates intergovernmental cooperation in the development of coastal areas. We leverage causal effects by applying a close-elections Regression Discontinuity Design to the universe of buildings in Spain. Municipalities with party-aligned mayors develop 46% less land than politically isolated ones, and politically homogeneous coastal areas develop less than fragmented ones. The effect is more salient for land closest to shore or previously occupied by forests, in municipalities with a large share of protected land, and for relevant environmental markers, such as air and bathing water pollution. These results underscore the importance of cooperative political endeavors in managing development spillovers, with environmental considerations assuming a central role.
Prostate cancer in Spain: A retrospective database analysis of hospital incidence andthe direct medical costs
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2024-03-07) Darbà, Josep; Ascanio, Meritxell
Abstract Introduction Thegoal of this study is to determine the medical costs, comorbidity profile, and health care resources use of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer who have been treated in Spanish hospitals.
Incidence and medical costs of lupus in Spanish hospitals: a retrospective database analysis
(BioMed Central, 2024-02-16) Darbà, Josep; Ascanio, Meritxell; Agüera, Ainoa
Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the comorbidity profile, use of healthcare resources and medical costs of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) treated at the hospital level in Spain. Methods Admission records of patients with SLE and CLE that were registered between January 2016 and December 2020 were obtained from a Spanish hospital discharge database and analyzed in a retrospective multicenter study.
Import Competition and Labor Regulation: Worker-Level Evidence
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-08-01) Basco, Sergi; Liégey, Maxime; Mestieri, Martí; Smagghue, Gabriel
How does labor regulation shape worker adjustment to import competition? We estimate the effect of collective agreements on French workers’ earnings during the rise of Chinese import competition. Using a nationally-representative matched employer-employee panel and collective agreements data, we document that the negative effect of Chinese competition on workers’ earnings is stronger in more regulated industries. In addition, we find that this exacerbation effect is concentrated among workers in low-wage occupations, such as technical staff and skilled production workers.
Import Competition and Labor Regulation: Worker-Level Evidence
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-08-01) Basco, Sergi; Liégey, Maxime; Mestieri, Martí; Smagghue, Gabriel
How does labor regulation shape worker adjustment to import competition? We estimate the effect of collective agreements on French workers’ earnings during the rise of Chinese import competition. Using a nationally-representative matched employer-employee panel and collective agreements data, we document that the negative effect of Chinese competition on workers’ earnings is stronger in more regulated industries. In addition, we find that this exacerbation effect is concentrated among workers in low-wage occupations, such as technical staff and skilled production workers.
Learning loss one year after school closures: evidence from the Basque Country
(Springer Nature, 2024-09-01) Arenas Jal, Andreu; Gortázar, Lucas
We use census data on external assessments in primary and secondary schools in the Basque Country (Spain) to estimate learning losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021, 1 year after school closures, which lasted from March to June 2020. Differences-in-differences with student and school-by-grade fixed effects show an average learning loss of 0.045 standard deviations, an effect that is smaller than short-run effects estimated by previous papers, and estimated after 6 months of one of the most successful school reopening campaigns among OECD countries. The effect is larger in Mathematics, moderate in Basque language, and none in Spanish language. Controlling for socioeconomic differences, learning losses are especially large in public schools, and also in private schools with a high percentage of low-performing students. On the other hand, we find a regression to the mean within schools, possibly due to a compressed curriculum during the whole period. Finally, and more importantly, we use unique novel data on student socio-emotional well-being and show for the first time that students with higher learning losses self-report significantly worse levels of socio-emotional well-being due to the pandemic.

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