Articles publicats en revistes (Filosofia)

URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/19363

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Should I say that? An experimental investigation of the norm of assertion
(Elsevier B.V., 2021-07-01) Marsili, Neri; Wiegmann, Alexander
Assertions are our standard communicative devices for sharing and acquiring information. Recent studies seemingly provide converging evidence that assertions are subject to a factive norm: you are entitled to make an assertion only if it is true. However, these studies assume that we can treat participants' judgements about what an agent ‘should say’ as evidence of their intuitions about assertability. This paper argues that this assumption is incorrect, so the conclusions drawn in the aforementioned studies are unwarranted. We provide evidence that most people do not interpret statements about what one ‘should say’ as statements about assertability, but rather as statements about what is in the agent's interest to do. Measures for prompting the intended reading of the test question are identified, and their efficacy is tested. We found that when these measures are implemented, people's judgements consistently and overwhelmingly align with non-factive accounts of assertion.
Responsibility for implicitly biased behaviour: A habit-based approach
(Wiley, 2021-09-09) Toribio Mateas, Josefa
This paper has a two-fold goal. First, I defend the view that the prejudicial behaviour that results from implicit biases is best understood as a type of habitual action¿as a harmful, yet deeply entrenched, passively acquired, socially relevant type of habit. Second, I explore how characterizing such implicitly biased behaviour as a habit aids our understanding of the responsibility we bear for it. As habits are ultimately susceptible of being controlled, agents ought to be held responsible for their implicit biased actions. Yet, the blaming response should target agents only insofar as they have failed (while being able) to develop a particular kind of ability: the ability to spot the kind of situations that require the exercise of the relevant intellectual, moral, social, and prudential obligations. Being thus responsible, however, is consistent with the agent's not being blameworthy. For the automaticity of the blamed agent's implicitly biased behaviour makes it unintentional relative to intellectual, moral, social, and prudential values that she already cares about.
Problems for factive accounts of assertion
(Wiley, 2021-08-26) Rosenkranz, Sven
The knowledge account of assertion construes assertion as subject to constitutive norms. In its standard version, it combines a wide scope obligation not to assert p without knowing p, with narrow scope principles specifying conditions under which it is permissible to assert p, where the notions of obligation and permission are duals and behave uniformly for variable p. It is argued that, given natural assumptions about the logic of 'ought', the account proves incoherent. The argument generalizes to accounts that substitute other factive notions for knowledge. A recent non-standard version of the knowledge account employs proposition-relative norms and circumvents the problem. However, it still leads to intolerable combinations of verdicts. Again, the problem arises because knowledge is factive, and it generalizes to other factive notions. It is shown that non-factive accounts face none of the diagnosed difficulties and can do much of the explanatory work that the knowledge account is alleged to do.
Disagreement and Epistemic Improvement
(Springer Verlag, 2021-11-01) Broncano, Fernando, 1954-; Simion, Mona
This paper proposes a methodological turn for the epistemology of disagreement, away from focusing on highly idealized cases of peer disagreement and towards an increased focus on disagreement simpliciter. We propose and develop a normative framework for evaluating all cases of disagreement as to whether something is the case independently of their composition—i.e., independently of whether they are between peers or not. The upshot will be a norm of disagreement on which what one should do when faced with a disagreeing party is to improve the epistemic properties of one’s doxastic attitude or, alternatively, hold steadfast.
Collective Epistemic Luck
(Springer Nature, 2021-10-28) Barba, Moisés; Broncano, Fernando, 1954-
A platitude in epistemology is that an individual’s belief does not qualify as knowledge if it is true by luck. Individuals, however, are not the only bearers of knowledge. Many epistemologists agree that groups can also possess knowledge in a way that is genuinely collective. If groups can know, it is natural to think that, just as true individual beliefs fall short of knowledge due to individual epistemic luck, true collective beliefs may fall short of knowledge because of collective epistemic luck. This paper argues, first, that the dominant view of epistemic luck in the literature, the modal view, does not yield a satisfactory account of lucky collective beliefs. Second, it argues that collective epistemic luck is better explained in terms of groups lacking (suitably defined) forms of control over collective belief formation that are specific to the different procedures for forming collective beliefs. One of the main implications of this, we will argue, is that groups whose beliefs are formed via internal deliberation are more vulnerable to knowledge-undermining collective luck than groups that form their beliefs via non-deliberative methods, such as non-deliberative anonymous voting. The bottom line is that the greater exposure to knowledge-undermining luck that deliberation gives rise to provides a reason (not a conclusive one) for thinking that non-deliberative methods of group belief formation have greater epistemic value.
Barriers and facilitators for mental-health professionals in the management and implementation of advance directives
(Elsevier, 2026-04-01) Ramos Pozón, Sergio; Falcó Pegueroles, Anna M. (Anna Marta); Poveda-Moral, Silvia; Andrés Mora, Hilari; Fabregat Marcos, Raquel; Mir Abellán, Ramon; Baladón Higueras, Luisa; Román Maestre, Begoña; Robles del Olmo, Bernabé; Garrido Aguilar, Eva María
Background: The Advance Directive (AD) serves as a fundamental legal and ethical instrument for safeguarding patient autonomy, ensuring that clinical decisions align with individual values when decision-making capacity is compromised. Despite the established legal framework in Spain since 2002, its practical implementation within mental health services remains largely under-researched. The objective of our study is to describe the barriers and facilitators perceived by mental-health professionals regarding the clinical management and implementation of the Advance Directive (AD). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was executed between December 2022 and March 2023 at Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D´eu (Barcelona, Spain). The sample comprised 215 healthcare professionals across various disciplines—including nursing, psychiatry, psychology, and social work—representing a participation rate of approximately 20% of the 1035 eligible institutional staff. Findings: Results reveal a profound discrepancy between theoretical appraisal and clinical practice. Although 96.7% of professionals acknowledge the utility of the AD, practical engagement remains residual: only 20.0% of participants report direct experience with a patient's document. Critical operational barriers were identified, as 74.4% of respondents were unfamiliar with procedures for retrieving an AD from the official registry. Furthermore, 71.6% of professionals perceive an absence of adequate technical or administrative resources provided by their institution. Conversely, facilitators are rooted in ethical commitment; 88.3% maintain that a patient's anticipatory wishes should be respected even when they conflict with clinical advice. Conclusions: Findings underscore a significant gap between the ethical-legal ideal of autonomy and its clinical execution within the Spanish mental health context. Positive professional attitudes are insufficient without robust systemic support. Effective implementation necessitates a multidimensional strategy: strengthening specialized continuing education, streamlining access protocols within electronic health records, and fostering institutional policies that prioritize patient-centered psychiatric care.
Coercive measures in disability and mental health care services: Mechanical restraints from a bioethical and legal perspective in Spain
(Elsevier, 2025-01-16) Ramos Pozón, Sergio; Román Maestre, Begoña; Blánquez Gómez, Blas
This article explores the use of coercive measures, particularly mechanical and pharmacological restraints, indisability care settings and mental health services from a bioethical perspective, focusing on how these practicesimpact the human rights of individuals with mental disorder, focusing on how these practices impact the humanrights of individuals with mental disorders. A robust bioethical framework is presented, advocating for principlesof autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, dignity, dialogical justice, distributive justice, and vulnerability.These principles are integrated to reframe interventions and promote respect for patient rights. The articleprovides a detailed account of the legal framework governing these practices in Spain, addressing both nationaland regional legislation, and emphasizing its significance in protecting human rights. Finally, practical recommendationsare offered, which have proven effective in significantly reducing the need for coercive interventions.The article concludes by advocating for a transformation in clinical practices, promoting dignifiedand respectful care in line with a human rights framework, and moving away from unnecessary coercivemeasures.
The Information-Processing Perspective on Categorization
(Wiley, 2024) Martínez, Manolo
Categorization behavior can be fruitfully analyzed in terms of the trade-off between as high as possible faithfulness in the transmission of information about samples of the classes to be categorized, and as low as possible transmission costs for that same information. The kinds of categorization behaviors we associate with conceptual atoms, prototypes, and exemplars emerge naturally as a result of this trade-off, in the presence of certain natural constraints on the probabilistic distribution of samples, and the ways in which we measure faithfulness. Beyond the general structure of categorization in these circumstances, the same information-centered perspective can shed light on other, more concrete properties of human categorization performance, such as the results of certain prominent experiments on supervised categorization.
Review of R. Frigg and P. Nguyen Modeling Nature,. An Opinionated Intriduction to Scientific Representation
(Oxford Academic, 2021-12-01) Díez, José A. (José Antonio), 1961-
Representing Scientific Representation. Review of R. Frigg and J. Nguyen: Modelling Nature. An Opinionated Introduction to Scientific Representation, Synthese Library, 2020
Estudis de Jordi Sales sobre el "Menó" de Plató
(Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2025) Monserrat i Molas, Josep, 1967-
Al llarg de la seva docència a la Universitat de Barcelona, Jordi Sales ha dedicat repetidament l’atenció al diàleg "Menó" de Plató. Des del seu primer llibre "Coneixement i situació", en què presentava el programa que havia guiat la seva docència des de 1982), fins al seu darrer curs a la Universitat de Barcelona l’any 2014 (a l’assignatura de màster Lectures Platòniques), el "Menó" hi és present molt sovint. Els diferents materials conservats, publicats en una petita part, majoritàriament inèdits, mostren els elements principals per a una interpretació del diàleg. Tot seguit es presenta una descripció d’aquests materials, se situen en referència al text platònic i, finalment, es presenta l’edició del darrer curs de Jordi Sales sobre el "Menó" de Plató.
Advance planning of decisions in mental health:bioethical analysis
(Conselho Federal de Medicina, 2024-12-13) Ramos Pozón, Sergio; Robles del Olmo, Bernabé; Solís Bernal, Carlos; Román Maestre, Begoña
Studies on advance planning of decisions are frequent in the health field and growing in the mental health field. As part of a proactive and ethical approach to decision-making, it is an ideal tool for providing dignified care and respect for the individual and their surroundings. This article presents a solid ethical approach that substantiates and vindicates such practices. To this end, a rigorous analysis of the ethical and care benefits is carried out, highlighting the barriers that hinder their incorporation and reflecting on the need for more research to overcome these barriers to provide more humanized care for patients with mental disorders. Furthermore, recommendations are proposed for healthcare professionals involved in the care of such people to implement this type of care relationship.
Artifacts' Intention-Essentialism and the Production of Negative and Queer Objects
(Institute of Philosophy Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2025-11-30) Solís, Adrián
Artifacts are mind-dependent objects; they exist by virtue of the intentional activity of their makers, at least according to what philosophers usually defend. Some philosophers consider arti facts to be causally and essentially dependent on the intentions of their original makers—a position that we will call Artifacts’ Inten tion-Essentialism. Although this position is very attractive, it suf fers from various problems. This paper focuses on a discussion of two of those problems: the possibility of creating negative, and queer objects. The first criticism was originally raised by Evnine (2016) against Thomasson’s view, but our aim is to defend this criticism for all Artifacts’ Intention-Essentialism views, including Evnine’s. The second problem is a new issue regarding how easy it would be to create queer kinds of artifacts if we accept Artifacts’ Intention-Essentialism.
Fast Goodstein walks
(London Mathematical Society, 2024-12-01) Fernández Duque, David; Weiermann, Andreas
We introduce a family ( ) < of fast-growing functions based on 0 and use these to define a variant of the Goodstein process. We show that this variant terminates and that this fact is not provable in Kripke–Platek set theory (or other theories of Bachmann–Howard strength). We, moreover, show that this Goodstein process is of maximal length, so that any alternative Goodstein process based on the same fast-growing functions will also terminate.
Pointed Lattice Subreducts of Varieties of Residuated Lattices
(Springer Verlag, 2025-04-01) Přenosil, Adam
We study the pointed lattice subreducts of varieties of residuated lattices (RLs) and commutative residuated lattices (CRLs), i.e. lattice subreducts expanded by the constant denoting the multiplicative unit. Given any positive universal class of pointed lattices K satisfying a certain equation, we describe the pointed lattice subreducts of semi-K and of pre-K RLs and CRLs. The quasivariety of semi-prime-pointed lattices generated by pointed lattices with a join prime constant plays an important role here. In particular, the pointed lattice reducts of integral (semiconic) RLs and CRLs are precisely the integral (semiconic) semi-prime-pointed lattices. We also describe the pointed lattice subreducts of integral cancellative CRLs, proving in particular that every lattice is a subreduct of some integral cancellative CRL. This resolves an open problem about cancellative CRLs.
Bi-intermediate logics of trees and co-trees
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Bezhanishvili, Guram; Martins, Miguel; Moraschini, Tommaso
A bi-Heyting algebra validates the Gödel-Dummett axiom (p → q) ∨ (q → p) iff the poset of its prime filters is a disjoint union of co-trees (i.e., order duals of trees). Bi-Heyting algebras of this kind are called bi-Gödel algebras and form a variety that algebraizes the extension bi-GD of bi-intuitionistic logic axiomatized by the Gödel-Dummett axiom. In this paper we initiate the study of the lattice Λ(bi-GD) of extensions of bi-GD. We develop the methods of Jankov-style formulas for bi-Gödel algebras and use them to prove that there are exactly continuum many extensions of bi-GD. We also show that all these extensions can be uniformly axiomatized by canonical formulas. Our main result is a characterization of the locally tabular extensions of bi-GD. We introduce a sequence of co-trees, called the finite combs, and show that a logic in Λ(bi-GD) is locally tabular iff it contains at least one of the Jankov formulas associated with the finite combs. It follows that there exists the greatest nonlocally tabular extension of bi-GD and consequently, a unique pre-locally tabular extension of bi-GD. These results contrast with the case of the intermediate logic axiomatized by the Gödel-Dummett axiom, which is known to have only countably many extensions, all of which are locally tabular.
Temporalism and eternalism reconsidered: perceptual experience, memory, and knowledge
(Springer Verlag, 2024-06-01) Nawar, Tamar
Traditional debates between semantic temporalists and eternalists appeal to the efficacy of temporal operators and the intuitive (in)validity of instances of temporal reasoning. In this paper, I argue that such debates are inconclusive at best and that under-explored arguments concerning perceptual experience, memory, and knowledge offer more productive means of advancing debates between temporalists and eternalists and rendering salient several significant potential costs and benefits of these views.
Scientific explanation as a guide to ground
(Springer Verlag, 2024-03-01) Kortabarria Areitio, Markel; Giannotti, Joaquim
Ground is all the rage in contemporary metaphysics. But what is its nature? Some metaphysicians defend what we could call, following Skiles and Trogdon (Philos Stud 178(12):4083-4098, 2021), the inheritance view: it is because constitutive forms of metaphysical explanation are such-and-such that we should believe that ground is soand-so. However, many putative instances of inheritance are not primarily motivated by scientific considerations. This limitation is harmless if one thinks that ground and science are best kept apart. Contrary to this view, we believe that ground is a highly serviceable tool for investigating metaphysical areas of science. In this paper, we defend a naturalistic version of the inheritance view which takes constitutive scientific explanation as a better guide to ground. After illustrating the approach and its merits, we discuss some implications of the emerging scientific conception for the theory of ground at large.
Is it Possible to do Without the Fundamental?
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2025-12-01) Kortabarria Areitio, Markel
This article argues that one of the main arguments against metaphysical infinitism—the argument from vicious infinite regress—is unsuccessful. I suggest that a proper interpretation of the argument takes the charge against infinitism to be one of metaphysical insufficiency: without the fundamental facts fully grounding the rest of reality, derivative facts lack the necessary grounding base for their obtaining. I disambiguate the insufficiency claim by examining it from two different perspectives on the regress: the local perspective, which focuses on the obtaining of the individual derivative facts, and the global perspective, which focuses on the obtaining of the entire collection of derivative facts. For each perspective, I argue that the reasons for believing that infinitism cannot provide sufficient grounds are problematic.
Strictly Positive Fragments of the Provability Logic of Heyting Arithmetic
(Springer, 2024-10-30) Almeida Borges, Ana de; Joosten, Joost J.
We determine the strictly positive fragment QPL+(HA) of the quantified provability logic QPL(HA) of Heyting Arithmetic. We show that QPL+(HA) is decidable and that it coincides with QPL+(PA), which is the strictly positive fragment of the quantified provability logic of of Peano Arithmetic. This positively resolves a previous conjecture of the authors described in [14]. On our way to proving these results, we carve out the strictly positive fragment PL+(HA) of the provability logic PL(HA) of Heyting Arithmetic, provide a simple axiomatization, and prove it to be sound and complete for two types of arithmetical interpretations. The simple fragments presented in this paper should be contrasted with a recent result by Mojtahedi [43], where an axiomatization for PL(HA) is provided. This axiomatization, although decidable, is of considerable complexity.
A Brief note on Japan's AI race, the copyrignt dilemma, and generative AI impact on authorship
(National Taiwan University, 2024-07-31) Crespín Perales, Montserrat
This article delves into the intricate interplay between copyright laws, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, and the evolving role of authors in the contemporary digital landscape, especially after the irruption of Generative AI systems, as ChatGPT. The paper scrutinizes Japan’s approach to copyright in the realm of AI training, highlighting the delicate balance between safeguarding creators’ rights and fostering competitiveness in the global market. By examining the concept of “the death of the Author” as elucidated by Roland Barthes, the study explores how AI-generated content challenges traditional notions of authorship and creativity.

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