Llibres / Capítols de llibre (Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica)
URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/21593
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Part del llibreEmbryonic Neural Stem Cell Differentiation to Aldynoglia Induced by Olfactory Bulb Ensheathing Cell-Conditioned Medium(IntechOpen, 2011-04-26) Ortuño Sahagún, Daniel; Rojas-Mayorquín, Argelia E.; Camins Espuny, Antoni; Pallàs i Llibería, Mercè, 1964-Although the relevance of glial cells in regulating brain activity was predicted by Ramon y Cajal more than a century ago (García-Marín et al., 2007), it was not until almost fifty years ago that initial descriptions of a close functional relationship between neuroglia and neuronal perikarya (Hyden, 1962) or axonal processes (Blunt et al, 1965) began to reveal that neurons and glial cells operate as functional units in the central nervous system (CNS). However, this functional interaction has only been more carefully studied and analysed in the last few decades, generating a substantial increase in research on the roles of neuron– glia interactions in the control of brain function. Glial cells have subsequently been implicated in many functions, including: guiding the migration of neurons in early development, axonal guidance and being responsible for their integrity, forming the necessary scaffold for neuronal architecture and neural protection and proliferation by trophic effects, modulating neurodegenerative processes, and also being critical participants in synaptic transmission, and key regulators of neurotransmitter release...- Part del llibrePeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ (PPAR β/δ) as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Dyslipidemia(IntechOpen, 2012-02-03) Barroso Fernández, Emma; Serrano-Marco, Lucía; Salvadó Serra, Laia; Palomer Tarridas, Francesc Xavier; Vázquez Carrera, ManuelDyslipidemia is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular disease in patients at high risk (Turner et al., 1998), such as type 2 diabetic patients. Lowering of LDL-C is the prime target for treatment (2002), but even with intensification of statin therapy, a substantial residual cardiovascular risk remains (Barter et al., 2007; Miller et al., 2008; Fruchart et al., 2008; Shepherd et al., 2006). This may partly be due to atherogenic dyslipidemia. This term is commonly used to describe a condition of abnormally elevated plasma triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), irrespective of the levels of LDL-C (Grundy, 1995). In addition to these key components, increased levels of small, dense LDL-C particles are also present, which in conjunction with the former components conform the also called “lipid triad” (Shepherd et al., 2005). Other abnormalities include accumulation in plasma of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TLRs), including chylomicron and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants. This is reflected by elevated plasma concentrations of non- HDL-C and apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB). Postprandially, there is also accumulation in plasma of TLRs and their remnants, as well as qualitative alterations in LDL and HDL particles. Thus, hypertriglyceridemia is associated with a wide spectrum of atherogenic lipoproteins not measured routinely (Taskinen, 2003). The presence of this lipid plasma profile with high triglyceride and low HDL-C levels have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events independent of conventional risk factors (Bansal et al., 2007; Barter et al., 2007; deGoma et al., 2008). In fact, guidelines recommend modifying high triglyceride and low HDL-C as secondary therapeutic targets to provide additional vascular protection (2002). The presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia is seen in almost all patients with triglycerides > 2.2 mmol/l and HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/l, virtually all of whom have type 2 diabetes or abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (Taskinen, 2003)...
- LlibreTrends in Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences I(Medwin Publishers, 2020-05) Cajal Visa, Yolanda; Ciudad i Gómez, Carlos Julián; Muñoz-Torrero López-Ibarra, Diego; Vallès Xirau, Joan, 1959-Trends in Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences I is the first issue of an open access E-book devoted to scientific and technical research that covers the entire spectrum of drug and food research, including medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, drug delivery, microbiology and biochemical studies, as well as relevant developments in nutrition, food safety and analytical innovation. The first chapter, Different techniques to detect G protein coupled receptor heteromers, describes state of the art techniques based in biophysical principles applied to detect oligomeric aggregates formed by G-protein coupled receptors in the cell membrane, and describes how the knowledge generated can be applied to design new compounds for the treatment of neurological and mental diseases. Obesity has become a worldwide problem and it is well known that causes and exacerbates many health problems by promoting profound changes in physiological functions. Chapter 2, Analysis of the role of diet in the appearance of neurodegenerative processes, reviews the consequences of these metabolic alterations while considering their effects in the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and their role in the appearance of cognitive impairments such as the sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s disease. The development of new cultivars facing climate change is an issue of great interest for the agrochemical industry and can be approached in different ways. Chapter 3, Arabidopsis Thaliana A Model for the Study of Plant Speciation, reviews different aspects of the plant immune system and the different layers of the plant immune response and signaling. The emerging field in plant research that studies how soil microbiota influences plant basic mechanisms is also discussed. Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America, but recently and due to human migrations, it is becoming a global health problem. In chapter 4, Trypanosoma cruzi infection diagnosis: New insights, challenges and perspectives, a group of experts from several institutions describe the different techniques that can be used for the serological diagnosis of the infection and the characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi, discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each method and propose improvements that would entail important savings for health institutions. Chapter 5, Nutrients, Control of Gene Expression and Metabolic Homeostasis, focuses on the molecular mechanisms that control metabolism by means of regulating gene expression in response to dietary inputs, to design new therapeutic strategies based on nutritional interventions against metabolic diseases. In this context, involvement of FGF21 hormone in the regulation of lipid metabolism during amino acid starvation is described, thus reinforcing its important role as an endocrine factor in coordinating energy homeostasis under a variety of nutritional conditions. This raises the possibility of dietary modulation of circulating levels of FGF21 as an alternative approach to its pharmacological administration. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating neuroprotective drugs have enormous potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer´s disease and glaucoma. Recent advances in the field are described in chapter 6, Polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma, specifically the preparation of engineered polymeric nanoparticles with attached peptides or antibodies to increase their bioavailability, favoring their transport through the blood brain barrier and the blood retinal barrier, avoiding at the same time possible drug adverse and toxic effects. The last chapter, Pentacyclic triterpenes in table olives: Determination of their composition and bioavailability by LC-M, is a review on the pentacyclic triterpenes contained in table olives, natural compounds of enormous interest due to their beneficial effects on human health, including hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, antiviral, cardioprotective and antitumor activities. Authors describe a selective and sensitive LC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of the main triterpenic compounds present in Olea europaea L. This opens the possibility to bioavailability studies after consumption of different foods, or administration of plants widely used in traditional medicine, with the aim of studying in depth the beneficial effects of these compounds in human beings. We hope that this new volume will attract the interest of all the scientific community, especially those working in the fields of pharmaceutical, medical, biological, chemical and food sciences.
- Part del llibreThe Alkaloids of the Madangamine Group(Elsevier, 2015) Amat Tusón, Mercedes; Pérez Bosch, Maria; Ballette, Roberto; Proto, Stefano; Bosch Cartes, JoanThis chapter is focused on madangamines, a small group of complex diamine alkaloids isolated from marine sponges of the order Haplosclerida, and covers their isolation, characterization, biogenesis, biological activity, and synthesis. Structurally, madangamines are pentacyclic alkaloids with an unprecedented skeletal type, characterized by a common diazatricyclic core and two peripheral macrocyclic rings. The isolation of these alkaloids from Xestospongia ingens (madangamines A E) and Pachychalina alcaloidifera (madangamine F) is described in detail. Physical and complete spectroscopic 1H and 13C NMR data are included. The proposed biogenesis of madangamines from ammonia, a functionalized three-carbon unit, and saturated or unsaturated linear long-chain dialdehydes, via partially reduced bis-alkylpyridine macrocycles, is discussed. The synthesis of alkaloids of the madangamine group has been little explored, with only one total synthesis reported so far, that of (þ)-madangamine D. This review also describes several model synthetic approaches to the diazatricyclic ABC core of these alkaloids, as well as model studies on the construction of the (Z,Z)-unsaturated 11-membered E macrocycle common to madangamines A E, the 13- and 14-membered D rings of madangamines C E, and the all-cistriunsaturated 15-membered D ring of madangamine A. Some members of this group have shown significant in vitro cytotoxicity against a number of cancer cell lines.
- Part del llibreHigh performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) in the quality control of herbal products(Research Signpost, 2018) Cañigueral i Folcarà, Salvador; Frommenwiler, Débora; Reich, Eike; Vila Casanovas, RoserThe introduction of high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for quality control of herbal products, using standardised methodology and system suitability tests for the qualification of the plates, has improved reproducibility. The use of intensity markers implemented by the Ph. Eur. improved the description and interpretation of the chromatograms. Quantitative information can be retrieved from the electronic images of the chromatograms and used for comprehensive HPTLC fingerprinting: a single HPTLC analysis gives information on identity, purity and content of an herbal drug/preparation/product, simplifying the quality control.
- Part del llibreDevelopment of hybrid compounds to tackle Alzheimer’s disease(Research Signpost, 2018) Muñoz-Torrero López-Ibarra, Diego; Pérez Areales, Francisco JavierAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Its pathogenesis involves a network where various mechanisms are interconnected. This complex pathological network makes it extremely challenging to find an efficacious treatment. Herein, we give an overview on the design of the so-called multi-target-directed ligands, i.e. compounds that concurrently hit several key pathogenic factors within the network, as a realistic option to tackle AD, with a particular emphasis on some structural classes of multitarget hybrids recently developed in our group.
- Part del llibreEvaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of food compounds using zebrafish(Research Signpost, 2018) Arteaga, Cristina; Boix Sabrià, Núria; Barenys Espadaler, Marta; Llobet Mallafré, Joan M. (Joan Maria); Gómez Catalán, JesúsThe principal aim of this work was to optimize and apply a zebrafish experimental model for the screening of anti-inflammatory substances present in the Mediterranean diet. The zebrafish is an organism widely used in various fields of experimental biology. The inflammation is easily inducible, reproducible and visualized in their early stages of development. Specifically, the migration of neutrophils to the injured caudal fin, one of the first steps of the inflammatory response, is quantitatively measured by image analysis. The anti-inflammatory effect of natural compounds can be evaluated as a decrease of migration. Adverse effects triggered by inflammation are mainly mediated by reactive oxygen species. The anti-oxidant activity of compounds was evaluated in zebrafish embryo measuring their protective effect against tert-butyl hydroperoxide toxicity. Several phenolic compounds have been assayed. Our results showed that the compounds with the greatest decrease on neutrophil migration were chlorogenic acid and cyanidin. The activity of these two polyphenols was quite similar to that observed with anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, piroxicam) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor compounds (dibenzoidolium, apocynin). The anti-inflammatory and the anti-oxidant activity of the assayed polyphenols did not show a clear correlation.
- Part del llibreStudy of the transport of substances across the blood-brain barrier with the 8D3 anti-transferrin receptor antibody(Research Signpost, 2018) Cabezón Rodríguez, Itsaso; Augé Marí, Elisabet; Camins Espuny, Antoni; Vilaplana i Hortensi, Jordi; Pelegrí i Gabaldà, CarmeNumerous strategies have been proposed to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and efficiently deliver therapeutic agents to the brain. One of these strategies consists of linking the pharmacologically active substance to a molecular vector that acts as a molecular Trojan Horse and is capable of crossing the BBB using a receptor-mediated transcellular transport system of the brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). The transferrin receptor (TfR) is related to a transcytosis process in these cells, and the 8D3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), directed against the mouse TfR, is able to induce a receptor response. Thus, the 8D3 antibody could be a potential molecular Trojan Horse to transport pharmacologically active substances across the BBB. On these bases, a series of experiments were performed where the 8D3 antibody was conjugated to different cargoes, the resulting constructs were administered in vivo to mice, and the distribution and intracellular mechanisms that these constructs undergo at the BBB were studied. Our results indicated a TfR-mediated and clathrin-dependent internalization process by which the 8D3-cargo constructs enters the BCEC. The resulting endocytic vesicles follow at least two different routes. On one hand, most vesicles enter intracellular processes of vesicular fusion and rearrangement in which the cargo is guided to late endosomes, multivesicular bodies or lysosomes. On the other hand, a small but not negligible percentage of the vesicles follow a different route in which they fuse with the abluminal membrane and open towards the basal lamina, indicating a potential route for the delivery of therapeutic substances. In this route, however, the 8D3−cargo remain fixed to the abluminal membrane, indicating that the 8D3 is maintained linked to the TfR, and the cargo does not go beyond the basal membrane. Altogether, different optimization approaches need to be developed for efficient drug delivery, but receptor-mediated transport (RMT) continues to be one of the most promising strategies to overcome the BBB.
- Part del llibreBiogeography of Anisakis (Anisakidae) and Hysterothylacium (Rhaphidascarididae) nematode species in consumed fish(Research Signpost, 2018) Roca Geronès, Xavier; Fisa Saladrigas, Roser; Montoliu Sanllehy, Isabel deThe presence of ascaridoid nematodes in commonly consumed fish constitutes an important health risk for humans as well as an economic problem for fisheries. Here, information is provided on the taxonomic status of the representative “anisakid-related” species of the families Anisakidae and Raphidascarididae. These parasites have a worldwide marine geographical distribution, mainly related to the presence of the vertebrate hosts involved in their life cycle. Morphological and molecular methods currently used for specific characterization of larval and adult nematode specimens are analysed and discussed. This study is focused on the taxonomy and parasite-host distribution of species of the genera Anisakis and Hysterothylacium from the North-East Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea regions.
- LlibreRecent Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences VIII(Research Signpost, 2018) Muñoz-Torrero López-Ibarra, Diego; Cajal Visa, Yolanda; Llobet Mallafré, Joan M. (Joan Maria)This E-book is the eighth volume of a series that compiles contributions from different areas of the multidisciplinary field of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The E-book consists of 7 chapters that cover the areas of organic chemistry, health and environmental management, plant physiology, food science, toxicology, botany, parasitology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, microbiology, and pharmacology.
- Part del llibreMagnetic nanoparticles: From diagnosis to therapy(Research Signpost, 2018) Busquets i Viñas, Ma. Antonia; Estelrich i Latràs, JoanMagnetic nanoparticles have proven to be promising theranostic agents, namely tools for therapy and diagnosis. Among them, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) highlight for their biocompatibility and reduced toxicity. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of SPIONs by co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous salts under mild conditions. These particles were able to accumulate in inflamed areas fact that was increased upon the application of an external magnetic field. Resonance magnetic imaging studies have shown their suitability as negative contrast agents for diagnosis. In addition, hybrid nanoparticles were obtained by incorporating the above described SPIONs into liposomes or nanoemulsions. The findings have confirmed the high potential of these systems for biomedical applications.
- Part del llibreFighting the Influenza A virus. New scaffolds and therapeutic targets(Research Signpost, 2017) Barniol-Xicota, Marta; Vázquez Cruz, Santiago
- Objecte de conferènciaStrategies against β-amyloid protein as therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease(Research Signpost, 2017) Folch, Jaume; Ettcheto Arriola, Miren; Busquets Figueras, Oriol; Sánchez-López, E. (Elena); Castro-Torres, Rubén Darío; Beas Zárate, Carlos; Pallàs i Llibería, Mercè, 1964-; Olloquequi, Jordi; Jara, Daniela; García López, María Luisa; Auladell i Costa, M. Carme; Camins Espuny, Antoni
- Part del llibreDeciphering the stack, a novel bacterial structure, by (cryo-) transmission electron microscopy and (cryo-) electron tomography(Research Signpost, 2017) Delgado, Lídia; López Iglesias, Carmen; Mercadé Gil, M. Elena
- Part del llibreResearch in natural products: Amaryllidaceae ornamental plants as sources of bioactive compounds(Research Signpost, 2017) Torras Claveria, Laura; Tallini, Luciana R.; Viladomat Meya, Francesc; Bastida Armengol, Jaume
- Part del llibrePolypurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins as a tool for gene repair and editing(Research Signpost, 2017) Ciudad i Gómez, Carlos Julián; Solé Ferré, Anna; Félix, Álex J.; Noé Mata, Verónica
- Part del llibreImmunomodulatory role of probiotics in early life(Research Signpost, 2017) Rodríguez Lagunas, María José; Azagra Boronat, Ignasi; Saldaña-Ruíz, Sandra; Massot Cladera, Malen; Rigo Adrover, Maria del Mar; Sabaté-Jofre, Anna; Franch i Masferrer, Àngels; Castell, Margarida; Pérez-Cano, Francisco J.
- Part del llibreDietary exposure biomarkers in nutritional intervention and observational studies to discover biomarkers of intake and disease risk through an HPLC-QToF-MS metabolomics approach(Research Signpost, 2017) Garcia Aloy, Mar; Llorach, Rafael; Urpí Sardà, Mireia; Vázquez Fresno, Rosa; Jáuregui Pallarés, Olga; Andrés Lacueva, Ma. Cristina
- Part del llibreDevelopment of a strategy for the administration of praziquantel to the terrestrial edible snail Cornu aspersum parasitized by Brachylaima sp. metacercariae(Research Signpost, 2017) Gállego, Laia; Gracenea Zugarramurdi, Mercedes
- LlibreRecent advances in pharmaceutical sciences VII(Research Signpost, 2017) Muñoz-Torrero López-Ibarra, Diego; Riu Aumatell, Montserrat; Feliu José, CarlosThe E-book series Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences reports research contributions from different areas of the multidisciplinary field of Pharmaceutical Sciences. This seventh volume consists of nine chapters, mainly dealing with the fields of botany, physiology, food science, biochemistry & molecular biology, plant physiology, microbiology, parasitology, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry.