Treballs Finals de Grau (TFG) - Farmàcia i Nutrició Humana i Dietètica (Doble Grau)
URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://diposit.ub.edu/handle/2445/179094
Treballs Finals del Doble Grau de Farmàcia i Nutrició Humana i Dietètica de la Facultat Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació de la Universitat de Barcelona.
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Treball de fi de grauNutritional needs and supplementation for women across menopausal stages(2025-01) Gener Herrera, Teresa; Pérez Bosque, Anna[eng] Menopause, a universal phenomenon in women’s lives, remains insufficiently explored in terms of its interaction with physiology and nutrition, despite its significant implications for quality of life. The objective of this thesis is to examine the nutritional needs of women during menopause and how supplements can help meet these needs, including their potential limitations. During menopause, there is a physiological decline in oestrogen levels, which can cause a range of manifestations affecting various body systems, including hot flushes, sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pain, vaginal dryness, insomnia, depression, weight gain, and mood changes. Nutritional interventions, such as supplementation with plant extracts or bioactive compounds, have the potential to positively impact the specific manifestations of menopause and enhance the quality of life of women in this phase of life. Non-hormonal supplementation presents an advantageous risk-benefit profile in comparison to hormone replacement therapy. However, further research is needed on the optimal efficacy and safety of supplements. Current evidence is limited due to the lack of standardisation across studies, which lead to inconclusive results, making it difficult to transversally review and assess studies on supplementation during the menopausal stages. Lastly, women who participated in a survey regarding supplementation and menopause during this bibliographic review, expressed a strong preference for supplementation options based on natural products to alleviate manifestations, without compromising efficacy.- Treball de fi de grauCould a supplementation with Bifidobacterium infantis in formula milk prevent ADHD development?(2025-06) Mariné Santos, Ana; Martín Venegas, Ana[eng] Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition which affects a large number of children and adolescents worldwide, with a prevalence that continues to increase. Traditionally, it has been attributed to hereditary genetic factors, however, in the last few decades, other elements that influence the development of the disorder have been studied. This new approach has led to the exploration of alternative therapies beyond conventional ones and has generated growing interest in the search for more effective long-term treatments. The thesis focuses on the aetiology of ADHD and, in particular, on the impact of the gut microbiota on the onset of the disorder. It is worth highlighting the presence of dysbiosis as a common feature in many environmental risk factors, which suggests a possible involvement in the development of this condition. To better understand the impact of the gut microbiota on neurodevelopment, its relationship with the brain has been analysed through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, the study explores the influence of breastfeeding on the formation of the infant microbiota and its associated benefits. A systematic literature search was conducted using Pubmed, SpringerLink, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Nature. Additionally, in-person and online interviews were carried out with specialists from different fields: a gastroenterologist, a paediatrician, a child psychiatrist and a researcher from Danone specialised in infant microbiota and a sales-representative from Nutribiótica. The findings underline the importance of neuroinflammation in the development of ADHD. This process is often the result of chronic inflammation, promoted by dysbiosis, especially in formula-fed children. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium infantis in infants has been shown to have a positive effect on the development of the immune system through modulation of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, B. infantis contributes to the healthy formation of the intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, although further research is required, current evidence suggest that B. infantis supplementation in formula milk could contribute to preventing the development of ADHD.
- Treball de fi de grauRelationship between chronic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease(2024-06-21) Cornellà Franch, Laura; Izquierdo Pulido, Maria[eng] Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60 to 70% of total cases. It is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with devastating consequences for which there is still no cure. Considering the involvement of a chronic inflammatory state in other chronic diseases such as obesity or diabetes, the question arises about a possible relationship between chronic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. This review attempts to evaluate, based on current evidence, the knowledge that explains the interaction between the different molecular pathways involved in inflammatory processes that contribute to this chronic inflammatory state. Understanding these interactions is crucial, as proper management of chronic inflammatory processes could open the possibility of developing targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease. The literature review was conducted through an exhaustive search of information in databases such as PubMed and Scopus, as well as online journals and books. The sources were meticulously selected to ensure the most relevant and recent studies were included, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this. Although there is documented evidence of the contribution of chronic inflammation to Alzheimer's disease, further studies and clinical trials are still necessary to fully justify this relationship. Identifying the specific molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory processes would be key to developing promising therapeutic strategies. These future therapies could potentially slow the progression of the disease or even prevent its development, providing hope for millions of patients and their families affected by this condition.
- Treball de fi de grauSistema de autocuidado para la promoción del envejecimiento saludable en el entorno de la Smart City(2021-06) Miquel Miralles de Imperial, Cristina; Grau, Maria[spa] El creciente envejecimiento de la población supone actualmente un reto que nos lleva a replantearnos el enfoque en materia de prevención en salud pública que adoptamos frente al cuidado de las personas mayores. Para afrontarlo, y aprovechando la era de la digitalización en la que nos encontramos, proponemos la creación de una aplicación móvil con implementación a través del sistema público de salud que tiene como objetivo la promoción del envejecimiento saludable en población general mayor de 60 años en entornos urbanos. Mediante la recogida e integración de datos en tiempo real del entorno urbano mediante numerosos sensores (el ecosistema de la Smart City) así como de los determinantes de salud del propio individuo mediante autorecogida por dispositivos wearables, la aplicación Age&TheCity ofrece al usuario recomendaciones personalizadas de alimentación y actividad física y recordatorios de medicación. La aplicación sirve de nexo entre 4 capas de usuario interrelacionadas: ciudadano, personal sanitario, agentes socioculturales y autoridades locales. Todos ellos son actores imprescindibles en el funcionamiento de la solución para conseguir un mejor manejo y monitorización de la salud de la población. A través de Age&TheCity podemos alcanzar no solamente la promoción del envejecimiento saludable, sino también el empoderamiento de la población, la alfabetización en materia de salud y la paliación de desigualdades sociales a través del Servicio Nacional de Salud, las políticas de salud pública y la creación de tejido comunitario. El lanzamiento de este proyecto podría conllevar una transformación económica y social clave para mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos.
- Treball de fi de grauImpact of the short - chain fatty acids on the microbiota - gut - brain axis(2021-06) Miralles Solsona, Raquel; Lamuela Raventós, Rosa Ma.[eng] Currently, there are many studies that corroborate the relationship between the microbiota and the gut – brain axis. This relationship is due through various mechanisms including the production of some metabolites by the microbiota, such as short – chain fatty acids. The microbiota – gut – brain axis consists in the bidirectional communication between the microbiota, the gut and the brain where changes in the microbiota can lead to changes in the gut and brain, and vice versa. The aim of the research is to study the impact of short – chain fatty acids on the axis. A bibliographic research was performed through some search engines. Studies show that short – chain fatty acids have different effects by increasing or decreasing the quantity of certain molecules such as GLP-1, peptide YY, insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, leptin and serotonin while they also have an impact on the nervous system. Also is needed to emphasize its role in certain neurological diseases such as Parkinson, autism spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis. However, the current evidence still needs to be strengthened by further studies that will allow to define the mechanisms by which this relationship takes place and confirm the impact of this type of metabolites on the organism. At the same time, this will allow to develop new treatments for people with certain neurological diseases.
- Treball de fi de grauEtnobotànica d’Andorra: saber popular i vegetals(2021-07) Álvarez Puig, Canòlich; Vallès Xirau, Joan, 1959-; Gras Mas, Airy[cat] Antecedents: Diferents estudis etnobotànics s'han realitzat en poblacions del Pirineu, inclòs Andorra. En aquest projecte, es busca l'ampliació i continuïtat de les dades estudiades fins ara, per tal de poder elaborar un catàleg d'etnoflora i etnofunga complet del territori. Materials i mètodes: Entre els anys 2016 i 2020 s’han realitzat 32 entrevistes a 40 informants, amb el mètode de l’entrevista etnobotànica semiestructurada, en les quals s’han identificat plantes i fongs i s’han recollit mostres d’herbari. A més, s’ha recollit informació de tres entrevistes etnogràfiques de l’Arxiu Nacional d’Andorra (ANA), d’arxius particulars i de llibres de remeis i de receptes de cuina del territori. Tota la informació s’ha classificat i analitzat mitjançant l’estadística descriptiva. Resultats: S’han recollit 2.911 reports d’ús per a 309 tàxons, amb finalitats medicinals, alimentàries o altres. El factor de consens d’informants general és 0,89 que indica que les dades recollides són força robustes i consistents. S’han recollit 584 noms populars pertanyents al 98,71% dels tàxons i han donat un índex d’etnofitonímia del 11,07% per a plantes i 2,56% per a fongs. Per altra banda, les dades dels llibres han estat 919 reports d’ús i 251 noms populars per a 157 tàxons. Finalment, s’ha analitzat la interfície entre els usos medicinals i alimentaris per a trobar-hi possibles aliments funcionals populars. Sambucus nigra L. i Thymus vulgaris L. han estat els dos tàxons més emprats. Conclusió: Les dades obtingudes mostren una persistència dels usos dels vegetals per a finalitats medicinals, culinàries i altres, tot i la pèrdua de coneixements tradicionals iniciada a mitjan segle XIX en el territori.