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Talanta Nanogram-scale boron isotope analysis through micro-distillation and Nu Plasma 3 MC-ICP-MS
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-03) Rodríguez-Díaz, César Nicolás; Paredes, Eduardo; Pena, Leoploldo David; Cacho Lascorz, Isabel; Pelejero, Carles; Calvo, Elena
The determination of boron isotopes (δ11B) represents a powerful tool for a variety of applications such as the reconstruction of past ocean pH and atmospheric pCO2 from the analysis of marine biogenic carbonates. In recent years, MC-ICP-MS has gained popularity over other techniques thanks to its superior sample throughput and high ionization efficiency. This study evaluates, for the first time, the performance of the Nu Instruments Plasma 3 MC-ICP-MS for measuring δ11B using different sample introduction systems and detector configurations. The main goal is to provide a detailed methodology for nanogram-scale boron isotope analysis through a straightforward approach that can be easily adopted. Boron (B) purification from the carbonate matrix was performed through micro-distillation, using a temperature of 95 °C and a minimum heating duration of 15 h, allowing the full recovery of B from up to 3 mg of carbonate mass. We attained blank values (on average 14 ± 6 pg, 1 SD, n = 27) comparable to the lowest micro-distillation blanks reported in the literature. Three sample introduction systems were tested, and the 30 μL min−1 nebuliser system outperformed the 50 and 170 μL min−1 systems in terms of signal intensity per mass of B. Two detector configurations were used based on the total boron signal intensity achieved: (1) FC11/FC12, with two Faraday cups fitted to 1011 Ω and 1012 Ω amplifier resistors to detect 11B and 10B ion beams, respectively, and (2) FC12/IC, with which we investigated, for the first time, the feasibility of combining an ion counter for detecting 10B, and a Faraday cup fitted to a 1012 Ω amplifier for 11B. The FC12/IC configuration provided accurate results compared to the use of two Faraday cups for total boron signals lower than 0.35 V (∼12 ng of B in the analysed solution). The proposed analytical procedure was validated through the analysis of several reference materials with varying boron amounts, including clam JCt-1, coral JCp-1, NIST RM 8301 Foram and Coral solutions, and boric acid ERM-AE121. Furthermore, the long-term reproducibility was assessed with two in-house standards (coral CLD-1 and foraminifera GINF-1), providing values of 25.68 ± 0.23 ‰ (2SD, n = 53; with 14–36 ng of B) and 14.90 ± 0.16 ‰ (2SD, n = 12; with 11–16 ng of B), respectively.
Calibrating lower‑middle Miocene mammal faunas and unravelling climate change during the Miocene Climate Optimum: the Bardenas Reales de Navarra record (Ebro basin, NE Iberian Peninsula).
(Springer, 2025-06) Larrasoaña, Juan Cruz; Suárez-Hernando, Oier; Beamud Amorós, Elisabet; Garcés Crespo, Miguel; Pérez-Landazábal, José Ignacio; Gómez-Polo, Cristina; Ruiz-Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Mata, Maria Pilar; Murelaga, Xabier
The chronology of lower Miocene Iberian small mammal faunas is still poorly constrained given the scarcity of well dated sedimentary successions including small mammal fossil localities. Such scarcity has prevented also an accurate understanding of the response of European terrestrial ecosystem to global changes across the Miocene climate optimum (MCO), one of the best analogues of present-day global warming. Here we present an updated fossil small mammal record of the Bardenas Reales de Navarra (western Ebro basin, Spain), where an expanded lower to middle Miocene continental succession is superbly exposed. Previous and new magnetostratigraphic results from this succession have enabled us to propose, along with additional magnetostratigraphically-dated Iberian faunas, a new chronology for local zones Y to D (Mammal Neogene zones MN2 to MN5). In addition to that, the studied small mammal faunas point to a gradual increase in temperature and humidity conditions in SW Europe between 20 and 15.5 Ma, which appears to be coupled with the progressive shift towards warmer regional (Atlantic) and global conditions across the MCO, thereby pointing to gradual changes in oceanic circulation as the main driver of this period of global warmth. The evolution of sedimentary facies appears to indicate a threshold response of the Ebro basin hydrological balance to the MCO, whereas pedogenic formation of magnetic minerals seems to be linked to periods of enhanced climate variability. These results highlight the need of combining different paleoenvironmental indicators in order to obtain a reliable view of the response of continental ecosystems to global warming.
Changes in lake sediment carbon accumulation rates in southwestern Canada since the mid-1800s.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2025-12-04) Rodengen, Thomas J.; Kohfeld, Karen E.; Pellat, Marlow G.; Olid Garcia, Carolina
Carbon (C) storage in lakes is an increasingly recognized component of the global C cycle. Yet, rates of C accumulation in lake sediments remain poorly quantified in some regions such as in Canada. This study assessed C stocks and C accumulation rates (CARs) in sediments from 18 lakes across four provinces and seven national parks in southwestern Canada. We analyzed temporal and spatial variability in CARs and examined their relationship with landscape characteristics (e.g., land use and lake morphology) and climate variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation). Fourteen lakes showed increasing trends in CAR between 1830 and 2009. The average CAR during the modern period (1980–2009) was 42.8 ± 2.6 g/m²/year, representing a 14% increase compared to the historical period (1920–1949). Variability in CARs was primarily explained by temperature-related factors, including mean annual temperature, degree-days under 0 °C, and seasonal temperatures, particularly in spring and summer. Land use also played a significant role as the percentage of catchment area dedicated to agriculture and development was a strong predictor of CAR increases. These findings indicate that rising temperatures and intensified land use are key drivers of enhanced C accumulation in southwestern Canadian lakes, trends likely to continue under ongoing climate change.
Paleoseismology of the Marquesado-La Rinconada thrust system, Eastern Precordillera of Argentina
(Frontiers Media, 2022-12-14) Rockwell, Thomas K.; Costa, Carlos H.; Meigs, Andrew J.; Ragona, Daniel; Owen, Lewis A.; Murari, Madhav Krishna; Masana, Eulàlia; Richard, Andrés D.
Excavated trenches at two sites across the Marquesado–La Rinconada fault system along the eastern Precordilleran front south of San Juan, Argentina, reveal the earthquake history of this rapidly urbanizing region. Interpretation of earthquakes is based on both the generation of colluvial wedges and upward fault terminations, as well as folding events in fine-grained alluvium ponded behind upslope-facing fault scarps. The ages of the past five interpreted earthquakes at the Loma Negra site are E1 at 2.8 ± 2.8 ka, E2 at 7.1 ± 1.5 ka, E3 at 9.6 ± 1.3 ka, E4 at 14.4 ± 2.1 ka, and E5 at 17.2 ± 3.1 ka. At the Jejenes sites, we documented event ages of 2.7 ± 0.1 ka, 3.9 ± 0.6 ka, 5.9 ± 1.3 ka, and 11.4 ± 4 ka. These results indicate that the recurrence interval along the Marquesado–La Rinconada fault zone averages several thousand years. The inferred displacements at the Jejenes site are about 1.1 m for E1, E3, and E4 and 2.1 m for event E2, whereas the displacements at Loma Negra averaged about 1 m, but the most recent event displays less slip. Notably, the older events seem to have been larger and emergent, whereas the youngest event appears to have been smaller and blind in the ponded sediment; this may partially explain the poor expression of classic colluvial wedges associated with some events. Despite the fact that active surface faulting has an uncertain relationship with the primary seismic sources at depth in the crust, past and future events of Mw ∼7.5 are consistent with the length scale of active deformation, the ∼1–2 m slip per event scale of these ruptures, and the size of historical earthquakes.
Proyecto Castor. Relación de la secuencia sísmica con la inyección de gas
(AEPECT, 2014) González, Álvaro
Una secuencia sísmica, que culminó en terremotos de magnitud hasta 4.3 (Cesca et al., 2013; 4.2 según IGN, 2015), se originó en septiembre y octubre de 2013 frente a las costas de Castellón, cerca de donde se estaba inyectando subterráneamente gas natural para almacenarlo en un yacimiento petrolífero agotado (Fig. 1). Los mayores terremotos fueron sentidos en las poblaciones cercanas, lo que causó gran alarma social y mediática, y motivó que en ellas se activasen de manera preventiva los planes especiales de Protección Civil ante el riesgo sísmico. El proyecto de inyección fue detenido por orden gubernamental, y su tramitación administrativa y sus operaciones se están investigando judicialmente.
Exploring the Connection of XVI-Century Major HistoricalEarthquakes in the Eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain: InsightsFrom Viscoelastic Relaxation of the Lithosphere
(Wiley, 2023-10) Yazdi, Pouye; García-Mayordomo, Julián; Álvarez-Gómez, José Antonio; Gaspar-Escribano, Jorge Miguel; Masana, Eulàlia
Understanding the crustal fault interaction and connection between earthquakes in areas with slow tectonic deformation, such as Betic Cordillera (South Spain), is challenging. When seismic rates are low and large destructive earthquakes happen less frequently, it is necessary to resort to historical or paleoseismic records. This study investigates the postseismic viscoelastic relaxation mechanism as a potential explanation for the occurrence of three historical earthquakes (IEMSVIII-IX) in the Eastern Betic Shear Zone during the XVI-century, all of which occurred within a span of 13 years: 1518 Vera Mw6.2, 1522 Alhama de Almeria Mw6.5, and 1531 Baza Mw6.2 associated with the Palomares, Carboneras, and Baza faults, respectively. The results strongly suggest a sequential stress-triggering connection between the three events. The northern NS-oriented section of the Baza fault is found to have experienced a larger positive ΔCFS and, indeed, more prone to rupture in 1531. The study also examines whether the cumulative ΔCFS had influenced the occurrence of further significant earthquakes (≥Mw6.0) in the region. A triggering connection between the cascade and the 1658 Almeria Mw6.2 earthquake is suggested, whereas no indications of similar linkage to the 1674 Lorca Mw6.0 or the 1804 Dalias Mw6.4 events are found. The stress triggering impact of the cascade over nearby active faults is noteworthy. It is expected that this analysis could have future applications for studying other important historical events, and improving seismic hazard analysis in complex fault settings of the Betic Cordillera.
Radon levels in soil and in groundwater in the Alhama de Murcia fault area, Spain
(Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Moreno Aguado, Víctor; Bach, Joan; Zarroca, Mario; Masana, Eulàlia; Font, Lluís; Linares, Rogelio
Radon and CO₂ in groundwater, radon and thoron in soil, soil radon exhalation rates, and 14 electrical resistivity imaging were measured in the Alhama de Murcia Fault area. The study 15 aims to (i) characterize radon levels in groundwater and soil and (ii) assess whether variations 16 in gas emissions are related to the presence of an active fault. Forty water sampling points 17 exhibited ²²²Rn concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 66.8 Bq L⁻¹, while 22 soil points along two 18 profiles crossing the fault showed low annual mean values of (8 ± 1) kBq m⁻³ and (12 ± 2) 19 kBq m⁻³. Soil radon exhalation rates at the two profiles, (36 ± 8) and (53 ± 12) Bq m⁻² h⁻¹, 20 respectively, are consistent with these concentrations. Spatial variability of soil radon along 21 both profiles, [1–22] kBq m⁻³, appears associated with the main fault location. Temporal 22 variations of ²²²Rn recorded at a monitoring station from early 2013 to mid-2015 closely match 23 punctual measurements. While fluctuations are largely controlled by barometric pressure and 24 atmospheric temperature, detailed analyses combining multiple radon anomaly detection 25 methods indicate a possible influence of nearby seismic events.
Improved Geological Slip Rate Estimations in the Complex Alhama de Murcia Fault Zone (SE Iberia) and Its Implications for Fault Behavior
(Wiley, 2022-12-01) Gómez-Novell, O.; Ortuño Candela, María; García-Mayordomo, J.; Insua-Arévalo, J.M.; Rockwell, Thomas K.; Baize, S.; Martínez-Díaz, J.J.; Pallàs, R.; Masana, Eulàlia
Fault slip rate is one of the most crucial parameters to characterize earthquake occurrence in fault-based seismic hazard assessments (SHA). Accordingly, paleoseismic studies have increasingly focused on constraining this parameter in active faults worldwide. We present a comprehensive paleoseismic study in the Alhama de Murcia Fault (AMF), one of the most active faults in SE Spain and source of destructing earthquakes such as the 2011 Mw 5.2 Lorca event. Contrasting with previous studies, we integrate paleoseismic data from four fault strands in the AMF and, based on trench slip analysis and numerical dates, we derive slip rate estimates of each strand over the whole transect and assess their time variability. The AMF has a minimum net slip rate between 1.35+0.16/−0.10 and 1.64+0.16/−0.11 mm/yr for the past 18 ± 1 to 15.2 ± 1.1 ka. These results prove the importance of accounting for the complete sections of a geological structure as they are almost twice the previous estimates for a single fault branch. Slip rate variability is identified in the AMF, with cyclic acceleration-quiescence patterns that could be related to stress field changes driven by fault interaction or synchronicity with neighboring faults (e.g., Carrascoy). We hope that the data presented here motivates their inclusion into forthcoming fault-based SHAs. In this regard, limitations related to the lack of paleoseismic data for one fault strand, along with poor characterization of the strike component of slip and insufficient age control of the units for another strand are highlighted and need to be accounted for by modelers.
The 2013 September-October seismic sequence offshore Spain: A case of seismicity triggered by gas injection?
(Royal Astronomical Society, 2014-08) Cesca, Simone; Grigoli, Francesco; Heimann, Sebastian; González, Álvaro; Buforn, Elisa; Maghsoudi, Samira; Blanch, Eestefania; Dahm, Torsten
A spatially localized seismic sequence originated few tens of kilometres offshore the Mediterranean coast of Spain, close to the Ebro river delta, starting on 2013 September 5, and lasting at least until 2013 October. The sequence culminated in a maximal moment magnitude M_w 4.3 earthquake, on 2013 October 1. The most relevant seismogenic feature in the area is the Fosa de Amposta fault system, which includes different strands mapped at different distances to the coast, with a general NE–SW orientation, roughly parallel to the coastline. However, no significant known historical seismicity has involved this fault system in the past. The epicentral region is also located near the offshore platform of the Castor project, where gas is conducted through a pipeline from mainland and where it was recently injected in a depleted oil reservoir, at about 2 km depth. We analyse the temporal evolution of the seismic sequence and use full waveform techniques to derive absolute and relative locations, estimate depths and focal mechanisms for the largest events in the sequence (with magnitude mbLg larger than 3), and compare them to a previous event (2012 April 8, mbLg 3.3) taking place in the same region prior to the gas injection. Moment tensor inversion results show that the overall seismicity in this sequence is characterized by oblique mechanisms with a normal fault component, with a 30° low-dip angle plane oriented NNE–SSW and a subvertical plane oriented NW–SE. The combined analysis of hypocentral location and focal mechanisms could indicate that the seismic sequence corresponds to rupture processes along shallow low-dip surfaces, which could have been triggered by the gas injection in the reservoir, and excludes the activation of the Amposta fault, as its known orientation is inconsistent with focal mechanism results. An alternative scenario includes the iterated triggering of a system of steep faults oriented NW–SE, which were identified by prior marine seismics investigations.
Drawing as a tool for representing and explaining complex structures in Foraminifera
(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2025-12-29) Lería, María; Ferràndez i Cañadell, Carles
This work considers the relevance of drawing in foraminiferal micropaleontology and how drawing has helped to understand and explain the complex architecture of foraminiferal tests. We present a brief anthology of those works on foraminifera in which drawing plays a significant role. The objective is to detect milestones in the illustration of foraminifera throughout history and to explore a trajectory in the evolution of the drawing techniques and concepts applied. Drawing is influenced by technological advances, the artist’s skills, and the aesthetic influences of the moment. We conclude that drawing, a crucial aspect in this scientific discipline, facilitates the understanding and explanation of complex forms. The literature on foraminifera is replete with small gems of drawing art, sometimes created by artists, but other times by the same micropaleontologists who studied fossil material and described the species. This work highlights some of these drawings to analyse their creation process and to show their great artistic value.
Best-practice stochastic facies modelling from a channel fill turbidite sandstone analog (the 'Quarry outcrop', Eocene Ainsa Basin, NE Spain)
(American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2006-07-01) Falivene Aldea, Oriol; Arbués, Pau; Gardiner, Andy; Pickup, Gillian; Muñoz, J. A.; Cabrera, Lluís
Using data from an outcrop characterization of a sandstone-rich turbidite channel fill (the so-called ‘‘Quarry outcrop’’ in the Ainsa basin), several stochastic facies models were constructed at bedscale resolution (cells 2.5 m [8 ft] wide and 0.05 m [2 in.] thick).
Several industry-standard reservoir-modeling algorithms were employed: truncated Gaussian simulation, sequential indicator simulation, multiple-point geostatistics, and object-based methods with varying degrees of complexity.
The degree of similarity (i.e., realism) between realizations and the outcrop characterization was quantified through the use of several responses: (1) static connectivity, (2) effective permeability, and (3) recovery efficiency from waterflood simulations.
Differences in the responses measured from the outcrop and facies models were observed: these are mostly algorithm related, instead of caused by soft data or different stochastic realizations. Differences increase greatly when the permeability of the heterolithic
packages and mudstone beds (Ht-M) decreases and reflect the methods’ ability to model the inclined and undulating Ht-M packages and beds that occur in the outcrop. These packages and beds can drape scours and sandstone beds with depositional topography
and pinch-outs, producing sandstone thinning and dead ends.
Object-based methods capable of introducing highly undulating Ht-M beds provided the most realistic models. Variogram-based and simple object-based methods failed to capture and reproduce the whole length of undulating beds.
Multiple-point geostatistics provided realizations with responses intermediate between variogram-based and simple object-based methods and the more successful advanced object-based methods. The conditioning-to-harddata capabilities of multiple-point geostatistics are higher than those of the object-based methods, which give them an added advantage.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of geological surfaces: An example of growth strata and turbidite systems from the Ainsa basin (Pyrenees, Spain)
(American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2004-08-01) Fernández, Òsca; Muñoz, J. A.; Arbués, Pau; Falivene Aldea, Oriol; Marzo, M.
The external and internal geometry of four turbidite systems outcropping around the Buil syncline (Ainsa basin, Spanish Pyrenees) have been reconstructed with reservoir-scale resolution in three dimensions. The irregular geometry of the syncline and the resolution required for the reconstruction cannot be resolved with cross-sections. Therefore reconstruction has been carried out with a new methodology that applies a 3-D dip-domain geometrical model and 3-D restoration techniques to achieve reservoir-scale resolution in kilometric-scale reconstructions. This methodology is aimed at resolving 3-D geometries in folded areas, and regions with variable thickness stratigraphy.
The 3-D reconstruction of the Buil syncline reveals the synsedimentary growth of an intrabasinal anticline and the foreland lithospheric flexure associated to tectonic loading north of the Ainsa basin.
A FORTRAN program to introduce field-measured sedimentary logs into reservoir modelling packages
(Elsevier Ltd., 2006-11-01) Falivene Aldea, Oriol; Arbués, Pau; Howell, J.; Fernández, Òscar; Cabello López, Patricia; Muñoz, J. A.; Cabrera, Lluís
Building reservoir-scale facies models of outcrops is a practice that improves the three-dimensional geological modelling of subsurface analogues. Facies modelling of outcrops can be achieved either with geostatistical or object-based methods, which in most cases require conditioning to field-measured sedimentary logs. DEVLOGS assists in producing input files from field-measured sedimentary logs to be loaded into standard reservoir modelling packages. This is achieved by using a number of georeferenced nodes along the sedimentary log trace, and placing the intermediate bed boundaries according to true thickness recorded in the sedimentary log. Moreover a number of operations to enable the correct loading of the sedimentary logs are also performed. The main benefit of DEVLOGS is to facilitate the loading of non-vertical logs, by using non-vertical logs, the conditioning of outcrop models it is not limited to favourable outcropping settings such as very step exposures or non-dipping strata.
Hierarchical geocellular facies modelling of a turbidite reservoir analogue from the Eocene of the Ainsa basin, NE Spain
(Elsevier B.V., 2006-07-01) Falivene Aldea, Oriol; Arbués, Pau; Howell, J.; Muñoz, J. A.; Fernández, Òscar; Marzo, M.
Geocellular models of analogues can provide with insights into modelling strategies for the subsurface, therefore a model of the outcropping Ainsa turbidite system, deposited in slope setting, was built. The modelling began with a structural reconstruction mostly from outcrop data to remove structural relief. The facies modelling workflow consisted of three nested stages, each corresponding to a different scale. (a) The first scale addressed the deterministic reconstruction of surfaces that bound sedimentary bodies. (b) The second scale related to the modelling of the interfingering at the gradational boundaries of sedimentary bodies. (c) The third scale reproduced the internal heterogeneity within the sandstone-dominated bodies. Flow simulation revealed differences in recovery efficiency depending upon the scales of modelling considered.
New early Rupelian endemic porcellaneous larger foraminifera from the Prebetic Range, westernmost Tethys. Discussion on Praerhapydionina.
(Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research., 2024-02-15) Ferràndez i Cañadell, Carles
Peneroplis peramplus n. sp. and Spirolinella emmae n. gen., n. sp. are described from the early Rupelian of the Ibi section in the Prebetic Range (southeastern Iberia). The former is a Peneroplis species of evolute annular growth with a large bilocular megalospheric embryo. Spirolinella n. gen. is similar to Spirolina, from which it differs by a complex aperture. Spirolinella is also similar to Praerhapydionina, but it completely lacks radial partitions. It also differs in the wall texture, homogeneous in Spirolinella and with a pseudokeriotheca-like texture in Praerhapydionina. This newly observed character in Praerhapydionina will help to identify the genus and verify its presumed cosmopolitan distribution. The two new species show the same stratigraphical range, corresponding to the Shallow Benthic Zone SBZ 21, early Rupelian, and are considered endemic to the carbonate platform that developed during the Paleogene in the southeastern margin of the Iberian plate, at the westernmost Tethys.
Macrolitter trapping in mangroves: Insights from forest structure and local community knowledge
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-12-18) Garcés Ordóñez, Ostin; Canals Artigas, Miquel; Romero, Diana; Thiel, Martin
Mangroves, globally recognized as critical coastal ecosystems, form fringe, basin, and riverine forests in tropical and subtropical coastal zones, where their aerial roots trap macrolitter carried by currents. This study provides the first large-scale integration of field surveys and community knowledge from 671 interviews to assess macrolitter sources, composition, and abundance in 29 mangrove sites in Colombia. We also examined relationships between macrolitter abundance and forest type (fringe, basin, riverine), species composition, tree density, basal area, and proximity to pollution sources. Residents emerged as the main contributors to mangrove macrolitter, largely because of poor waste management practices. Macrolitter abundance was significantly higher in fringe mangroves (2.5 ± 3.6 items m⁻²) compared to basin (0.3 ± 0.3 items m⁻²) and riverine (0.2 ± 0.1 items m⁻²) mangroves. Forest structural variables showed no significant effect on macrolitter abundance, whereas the distance to the nearest population center had a moderately significant effect. Plastics dominated across all mangrove types (89.6 %–93.1 %); floating items prevailed in fringe and riverine mangroves, whereas heavier materials (glass, metals, pottery) were more common in basin mangroves. These findings demonstrate that mangroves act as natural traps for macrolitter, regardless of forest composition or structure, and are heavily impacted by waste from nearby communities. The socio-ecological approach of this study underscores the urgent need to reform packaging for high-consumption products, improve waste management, and deepen community education as public policy priorities. Strengthening these measures would enhance mangrove conservation and support global agendas on coastal management and pollution mitigation.
From salt carapace to secondary minibasin encasement—The Bolon Secondary Minibasin, Eastern External Betics, SE Iberia
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-10-01) Canova, David P.; Roca i Abella, Eduard; Ferrer García, J. Oriol (José Oriol); Ferràndez i Cañadell, Carles; Escosa, Frederic O.; Afzal, Jawad
The Bolon Secondary Minibasin (BSM) evolved on the now eroded Elda Salt Sheet, which contains fragments of the diapiric roof and syn-contractional sediments. Our detailed analysis of the BSM reveals how diapir rejuvenation and salt sheet evolution can affect the structural and stratigraphic architecture of secondary minibasins. We present a comprehensive analysis of the BSM integrating detailed cartography with stratigraphic, paleontological, and structural data. The field data show that the BSM contains a carapace of latest Cretaceous marlstones overlain by an up to 800 m thick roof of terrigenous and outer platform deposits. These suprasalt deposits are characterized by tabular beds without diapir derived detritus and are cut by a series of extensional growth faults that sole into the salt. In the Oligocene, diapir rejuvenation due to contractional deformation resulted in the breaching and dismemberment of this diapiric roof and extrusion of allochthonous salt. Roof dismemberment is recorded as an unconformity truncating the roof strata and diapir derived detritus in the Oligocene-lower Miocene units. Throughout the middle Miocene composite halokinetic sequences, rapidly shifting depocenters, episodic unconformities, and stratigraphic onlaps record the rapid sinking and progressive northward rotation of the BSM. Debrite wedges, diapir derived detritus, and ramp-flat geometries along the upper salt-sediment contact show that in the middle Miocene the BSM was fully encased in allochthonous salt. Continued shortening and further extrusion of allochthonous salt rotated the BSM an additional 60° to the NW before its eventual grounding on subsalt strata.
Buccal dental-microwear and feeding ecology of Early Pleistocene Theropithecus oswaldi from Cueva Victoria (Spain)
(Elsevier B.V., 2020-03-17) Martínez, L.M.; Estebaranz, F.; Ferràndez i Cañadell, Carles; Romero, Ad.; Ribot, F.; Galbany i Casals, Jordi; Gibert Beotas, Lluís; Martínez Pérez-Pérez, Alejandro
Despite the scarcity of fossil specimens of Theropithecus oswaldi in Eurasia, its presence out of Africa attests to the great dispersal of this Papionini genus during the Early Pleistocene. In the present study, we analyze the buccal dental microwear of T. oswaldi (T. o. leakeyi) fossil specimens from Cueva Victoria (Southeastern Spain). This analysis is the first characterization of the feeding ecology of T. oswaldi in Europe. The buccal microwear pattern of the molar and premolar teeth of T. oswaldi from Cueva Victoria shows great similarities to that observed for the extant frugivorous forest-dwelling Mandrillus sphinx and mangabeys (Cercocebus sp.)—both species adapted to durophagous dietary habits—while significantly different from that observed for the gramnivorous Theropithecus gelada. These results suggest that T. oswaldi from Cueva Victoria could have exploited both hard-shelled fruits or seeds and succulent fruits from open and forested Mediterranean ecosystems.
New Early Rupelian Endemic Porcellaneous Larger Foraminifera from the Prebetic Range, Westernmost Tethys. Discussion on Praerhapydionina
(Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research., 2024-01-01) Ferràndez i Cañadell, Carles
Peneroplis peramplus n. sp. and Spirolinella emmae n. gen., n. sp. are described from the early Rupelian of the Ibi section in the Prebetic Range (southeastern Iberia). The former is a Peneroplis species of evolute annular growth with a large bilocular megalospheric embryo. Spirolinella n. gen. is similar to Spirolina, from which it differs by a complex aperture. Spirolinella is also similar to Praerhapydionina, but it completely lacks radial partitions. It also differs in the wall texture, homogeneous in Spirolinella and with a pseudokeriotheca-like texture in Praerhapydionina. This newly observed character in Praerhapydionina will help to identify the genus and verify its presumed cosmopolitan distribution. The two new species show the same stratigraphical range, corresponding to the Shallow Benthic Zone SBZ 21, early Rupelian, and are considered endemic to the carbonate platform that developed during the Paleogene in the southeastern margin of the Iberian plate, at the westernmost Tethys.
Coralgal buildup in a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic succession of the upper Eocene Sant Martí Xic Formation (Orís, Vic, SE Ebro Basin, Spain)
((UB). (ICTJA). (IDEA). (UAB). (CSIC), 2025-09) Mancini, Alessandro; Brandano, Marco; Gaglianone, Giovanni; Mannetta, Domenico; Ferràndez i Cañadell, Carles
Coralgal buildups from the mixed carbonate siliciclastic succession of the upper Eocene Sant Martí Xic Formation (Orís, Vic, SE Ebro Basin, Spain) were studied. During the upper Eocene, the sedimentation in the Orís area was strongly influenced by global and local factors associated with the evolution of the Ebro Basin. The stratigraphic series in Orís shows first a transgressive sedimentary sequence characterized by floatstone to rudstone limestone with Discocyclina and Nummulites, which developed in a deeper and oligophotic environment and in a general context of humid climate conditions. The second sequence is formed by progradational deltaic deposits rich in Nummulites and developed under more arid climate conditions. Coralgal buildups occur interdigitated with these deltaic deposits forming two different lens-shaped bioherms that resulted in a coalescent buildup, with coral colonies sparse in a skeletal matrix of different grain-size. Corals grew in the mesophotic zone of the deltaic system affected by light fluctuations during periods of low siliciclastic input. The coralgal buildups of Sant Martí Xic Formation were thus influenced both by climatic changes and by the local detrital input from a deltaic system, associated with the uplift of the Catalan Coastal Range, highlighting the resilience of Eocene corals to environmental change.

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