Llibres / Capítols de llibre (Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular)

URI permanent per a aquesta col·leccióhttps://diposit.ub.edu/handle/2445/21584

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Analysis of autophagic vesicles in mitotic cells
(2022-01-01) Almacellas i Canals, Eugènia; García Cajide, Marta; Tauler Girona, Albert; Mauvezin, Caroline
The detection of autophagic vesicles in interphase cells is well characterized with markers such as LC3, SQSTM1 (also known as p62) and LAMP2, which are commonly used in immunofluorescence and biochemistry assays to evaluate the status of autophagy in adherent cells. During mitosis, cells undergo important morphological changes which alter the position of the central plane, therefore the imaging on dividing cells has to be specifically designed. Here, we describe a method to label and image autophagic vesicles in mitotic cells to systematically analyze their number, morphology and distribution.
Detection of nuclear biomarkers for chromosomal instability
(2022-01-01) Pons Pérez, Carles; Almacellas i Canals, Eugènia; Tauler Girona, Albert; Mauvezin, Caroline
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the gain or loss of chromosomes as well as the rearrangement of the genetic material during cell division. Detection of mitotic errors such as misaligned chromosomes or chromosomal bridges (also known as lagging chromosomes) is challenging as it requires the analysis and manual discrimination of chromosomal aberrations in mitotic cells by molecular techniques. In interphase cells, more frequent in the cell population than mitotic cells, two distinct nuclear phenotypes are associated with CIN: the micronucleus and the toroidal nucleus. Several methods are available for the detection of micronuclei, but none for toroidal nuclei. Here, we provide a method to quantify the presence of both nuclear biomarkers for the evaluation of CIN status in non-mitotic cells particularly suited for genotoxicity screens.
The Endocannabinoid System as a Target in Cancer: Status and Future Perspectives
(Springer Nature, 2023-05-14) Moreno Guillén, Estefanía; Cavic, Milena; Canela Campos, Enric I. (Enric Isidre), 1949-
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents a complex network of different molecules as cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoid ligands, and the enzymatic machinery that drives their metabolism, as well as cells and pathways that use endocannabinoid signaling. It is important for the regulation of most vital biochemical processes contributing to and overall homeostasis state. As such, it is ambiguously implicated in both the development of cancer and its suppression, as well as its progression and interaction with current anti-cancer therapeutics. This work will review the main ECS components and their discovery, structure, pharmacological properties, and significance in various physiological and pathological states and focus on the current burden of evidence available from open-access databases, experimental data, and expert reviews which offer future directions for its use in the oncological setting. The vast potential of the translationally significant information of the so-called endocannabinoidome is currently being explored in many ongoing clinically oriented research studies as well as clinical trials. Previously acquired pharmacological data from its historical application in pain alleviation and as a general palliative agent in oncology will be useful for drug repurposing scenarios, aiming to speed up its possible clinical applications, after decades of carrying the stigma of an ethically and legally compromised target.
Structural and Functional Evolution of Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4): A Look at GLUT4 in Fish
(IntechOpen, 2014-06-18) Marín Juez, Rubén; Capilla Campos, Encarnación; Carvalho-Simoes, Francisco; Camps Camprubí, Marta; Planas Vilarnau, Josep
The insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 was first described in 1988 as a result of studies on the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin [1]. Soon after the discovery of GLUT4, several groups cloned GLUT4 in the human [2], rat [3,4] and mouse [5]. Since its discovery, GLUT4 has received, together with GLUT1, more experimental attention than any other single membrane transport protein. Structurally, GLUT4 follows the predicted model for class I glucose transporters. GLUT4 has a high affinity for glucose, with a Km of approximately 5 mM [6], and also transports mannose, galactose, dehydroascorbic acid and glucosamine [7-10]. In mammals, GLUT4 is mainly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, brown and white adipose tissue, and brain [6,11,12]. GLUT4 plays a pivotal role in whole body glucose homeostasis, mediating the uptake of glucose regulated by insulin [13,14]. GLUT4 is responsible for the reduction in the postprandial rise in plasma glucose levels [6]. Insulin acts by stimulating the translocation of specific GLUT4-containing vesicles from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane (PM) resulting in an immediate increase in glucose transport [6,15]. The disruption of GLUT4 expression has been extensively associated with pathologies of impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance such as type 2 diabetes and obesity [13,16-18]...
Temes de bioquímica : treballs de recerca
(Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2009) Fernàndez Novell, Josep M. (Josep Maria); Fusté, Roser; Guinovart, Joan J. (Joan Josep), 1947-
El Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular de la Universitat de Barcelona, dintre de la seva línia de col·laboració amb els centres de Ssecundària, ha desenvolupat aquesta guia sobre treballs de recerca a secundària amb la qual vol contribuir a facilitar les tasques del professorat en aquest àmbit i alhora, introduir l'alumnat en l'apassionant camp de la recerca científica.
Production of bacterial oxylipins by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2
(Research Signpost, 2015) Martín Arjol, Ignacio; Busquets Abió, Montserrat; Manresa Presas, Ma. Ángeles (María Ángeles)
Oxylipins are a family of natural compounds that are reported to perform a variety of biological functions. Besides the biological properties of such compounds, interest in hydroxy fatty acids is increasing, due to the industrial applications of these renewable compounds as a starting material for resins, emulsifiers, plastics or polyesters. Hydroxy fatty acids are used as thickeners in a new generation of emulsifiers and lubricants, to reach new levels of performance. When grown in submerged culture with oleic or linoleic acid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 produced several oxylipins. In this study, oxylipin production and its applications are examined.
Alanine aminotransferase: A target to improve utilisation of dietary nutrients in aquaculture
(Research Signpost, 2015) Metón Teijeiro, Isidoro; Salgado Martín, María del Carmen; Anemaet, Ida Guurtje; González, Juan D.; Fernández González, Felipe Javier; Vázquez Baanante, Ma. Isabel
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a sensitive marker of dietary protein utilisation in fish. Three ALT isoforms (cALT1, cALT2 and mALT) encoded by two genes have been isolated from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Molecular characterization of ALT isozymes and gene promoters suggest involvement of cALT1 and mALT in postprandial use of dietary amino acids, while cALT2 seems associated to hepatic gluconeogenesis. Inhibition of hepatic cytosolic ALT activity stimulates pyruvate kinase and decreases the renewal rate of alanine in S. aurata. These findings point to ALT as a target to spare protein and improve catabolism of dietary carbohydrates in cultured fish.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a moonlighting protein in bacteria
(Research Signpost, 2014) Giménez Claudio, Rosa; Aguilera Gil, Maria Laura; Ferreira, Elaine; Aguilar Piera, Juan; Baldomà Llavinés, Laura; Badía Palacín, Josefa
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is considered a housekeeping protein that is present in virtually all organisms, where it performs metabolic functions essential for survival. GAPDH plays an essential role in the process of energy production, and is also involved in numerous biological processes. GAPDH belongs to a subset of proteins called moonlighting proteins, in which different functions are associated with a single polypeptide chain. The multifunctionality of GAPDH has been described in pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms, in mammals and in plants. In this review, we summarize the moonlighting role of GAPDH in bacteria.
New strategies in the modulation of fatty acid oxidation as a treatment for obesity
(Transworld Research Network, 2013) Herrero Rodríguez, Laura; Mera Nanín, Paula; Orellana Gavaldà, Josep Maria; Gurunathan, Chandrashekaran; Malandrino, Maria Ida; Mir Bonnín, Joan Francesc; Makowski, Kamil; Pozo, Macarena; Arasa, Maria del Mar; Ariza Piquer, Xavier; Asins Muñoz, Guillermina; García Gómez, Jordi; García Hegardt, Fausto; Serra i Cucurull, Dolors
Strategies that enhance fat degradation or reduce caloric food intake could be considered therapeutic interventions to reduce not only obesity, but also its associated disorders. The enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) is the critical rate-determining regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and might play a key role in increasing energy expenditure and controlling food intake. Our group has shown that mice overexpressing CPT1 in liver are protected from weight gain, the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Regarding food intake control, we observed that the pharmacological inhibition of CPT1 in rat hypothalamus decreased food intake and body weight. This suggests that modulation of CPT1 activity and the oxidation of fatty acids in various tissues can be crucial for the potential treatment of obesity and associated pathologies.
Recent advances in pharmaceutical sciences III
(Transworld Research Network, 2013) Muñoz-Torrero López-Ibarra, Diego; Cortés Lucas, Amparo; Mariño Hernández, Eduardo L.
Recent advances in pharmaceutical sciences II
(Transworld Research Network, 2012) Muñoz-Torrero López-Ibarra, Diego; Haro Bautista, Diego; Vallès Xirau, Joan, 1959-
Nutritional genomics. A new approach in nutrition research
(Transworld Research Network, 2012) Oleaga Sancho, Carlota; Ciudad i Gómez, Carlos Julián; Noé Mata, Verónica; Izquierdo Pulido, Maria
There is an increasing evidence that nutritional genomics represents a promise to improve public health. This goal will be reached by highlighting the mechanisms through which diet can reduce the risk of common polygenic diseases. Nutritional genomics applies high throughput functional genomic technologies and molecular tools in nutrition research, allowing a more precise and accurate knowledge of nutrient-genome interactions in both health and disease. Understanding the inter-relationships among genes, genes products, and dietary habits is fundamental to identify those who will benefit the most or be placed at risk by nutritional interventions. This chapter provides an overview of this novel nutritional approach, including the most relevant results of our recent research on the nutrigenomic effects of food polyphenols on cancer cells. Those studies would highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effects of those bioactive food compounds.
Biologia I: una experiència d'aprenentatge actiu per assolir competències generals
(ICE, 2011-12) Llorente, Gustavo A.; Soley i Farrés, María; Álvaro Martín, Isabel; Arias Sampériz, Bárbara; Auladell i Costa, M. Carme; Azcón Bieto, Joaquín; Bonada i Caparrós, Núria; Ferrer Amorós, Jaume R.; Gomà Martínez, Joan; Martínez Martínez, Josefina; Mateos Frías, Eduardo; Mestres i Naval, Francesc; Rieradevall i Sant, Maria; Vinyoles Cartanyà, Dolors
En aquest quadern es descriu el procés de gestació i desenvolupament de la Biologia I, una assignatura de 6 ECTS, que s'imparteix en els graus de Biologia, Bioquímica, Biotecnologia i Ciències Biomèdiques a la Facultat de Biologia de la Universitat de Barcelona. Per impartir la Biologia I es va constituir un equip docent multidisciplinari, format per 30 professors de diferents departaments. És important destacar la feina de coordinació i col·laboració entre tots els integrants. Considerem aquesta experiència molt important, ja que mai en cap assignatura no hi havia participat un nombre tan elevat de professors ni de departaments de la Facultat de Biologia. En els diferents apartats s¿expliquen detalladament totes les activitats que s¿han portat a terme: classes de teoria, aprenentatge basat en problemes (ABP), seminaris, pràctiques de camp i visites a diferents centres de recerca o hospitalaris. També es presenten i es discuteixen els resultats obtinguts. Analitzant l'assignatura de Biologia I, tant des del punt de vista de l'activitat docent realitzada com dels resultats obtinguts, arribem a la conclusió que és una experiència d'aprenentatge actiu que ha permès l'adquisició amb èxit tant de competències generals com específiques.
Generation of biological association networks: A novel strategy to detect new targets in cancer therapy
(Transworld Research Network, 2011) Selga i Coma, Elisabet; Almagro García, Ma. Cristina de; Oleaga Sancho, Carlota; Mencía Trinchant, Núria; Ramírez, Sara; Ruiz, F. Xavier; Farrés i Vicén, Jaume; Parés i Casasampera, Xavier; Thibaut, Rémi; Porte Visa, Cinta; Noé Mata, Verónica; Ciudad i Gómez, Carlos Julián
The aim of this work was to design a novel strategy to detect new targets for anticancer treatments. The rationale was to build Biological Association Networks from differentially expressed genes in drug-resistant cells to identify important nodes within the Networks. These nodes may represent putative targets to attack in cancer therapy, as a way to destabilize the gene network developed by the resistant cells to escape from the drug pressure. As a model we used cells resistant to methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of DHFR. Selected node-genes were analyzed at the transcriptional level and from a genotypic point of view. In colon cancer cells, DHFR, the AKR1 family, PKC¿, S100A4, DKK1, and CAV1 were overexpressed while E-cadherin was lost. In breast cancer cells, the UGT1A family was overexpressed, whereas EEF1A1 was overexpressed in pancreatic cells. Interference RNAs directed against these targets sensitized cells towards MTX.
Crystallization and resolution of the lipoxygenase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 and phylogenetic study of the subfamilies of the lipoxygenases
(Transworld Research Network, 2011) Garreta i Gambús, Albert; Carpena i Vilella, Xavi; Busquets Abió, Montserrat; Fusté Munné, M. Carme; Fita Rodríguez, Ignasi; Manresa Presas, Ma. Ángeles (María Ángeles)
Lipoxygenases are non-heme iron enzymes essential in eukaryotes, where they catalyze the formation of the fatty acid hydroperoxides that are required by a large diversity of biological and pathological processes. In prokaryotes, most of them totally lacking in polyunsaturated fatty acids, the possible biological roles of lipoxygenases have remained obscure. In this study, it is reported the crystallization of a lipoxygenase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa_LOX), the first from a prokaryote. High resolution data has been acquired which is expected to yield structural clues to the questions adressed. Besides, a preliminar phylogenetic analysis using 14 sequences has confirmed the existence of this subfamily of bacterial lipoxygenases, on one side, and a greater diversity than in the corresponding eukaryotic ones, on the other. Finally, an evolutionary study of bacterial lipoxygenases on the same set of lipoxygenases, show a selection pressure of a basically purifying or neutral character except for a single aminoacid, which would have been selected after a positive selection event.

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